owner(ticdc): Add backoff mechanism into changefeed restart logic

[zhaoxinyu]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #3329 close #3987

What is changed and how it works?

Before this optimization:
When errors occurred in a changefeed, a simple backoff is leveraged to restart a changefeed:
If there are three errors which occurred in two minutes, the changefeed stays in "error" state and won't be restarted imediately.

After this optimization:
We utilize an exponential backoff mechanism in the changefeed restart logic. The mechanism is elaborated as follows:

1. When we need to restart a changefeed in "error" state, the restart interval is varying from an InitialInterval to a MaxInterval. And if the duration since backoff start exceed the MaxElapsedTime, the changefeed will be switched to "failed" state and will not be restarted until it is manually resumed.
2. If the changefeed was running normally in a period of time and it encounters error at present, we can reset the backoff and let the restart interval vary from the InitialInterval.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test

Release note

Add exponential backoff mechanism for restarting a changefeed.

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• asddongmen
• overvenus

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #4262 (a731daf) into master (08da001) will increase coverage by 0.5104%.
The diff coverage is 52.2665%.

Flag	Coverage Δ
cdc	59.4631% <64.6959%> (+0.8183%)	⬆️
dm	52.4802% <37.8669%> (+0.2257%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             master      #4262        +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage   55.1722%   55.6826%   +0.5104%     
================================================
  Files           485        495        +10     
  Lines         59829      60843      +1014     
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+ Hits          33009      33879       +870     
- Misses        23484      23545        +61     
- Partials       3336       3419        +83     

[Rustin170506]

/run-kafka-integration-test

[zhaoxinyu]

/run-kafka-integration-test

[zhaoxinyu]

/run-kafka-integration-test

[overvenus]

/run-kafka-integration-test

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #4335.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #4336.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #4337.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #4338.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #4339.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #4340.