planner: Optimized EXTRACT(<UNIT> FROM <partition_column>) for partition pruning. (#54209)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #54209

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #54210

Problem Summary:
the expression EXTRACT(<time unit> FROM col) is not handled for partition pruning.

What changed and how does it work?

Treat the expression as prunable for all time units except WEEK (due to default_week_format).
Meaning all prunable expressions will work with EQ/col = <date/datetime/time>.
For DATE/DATETIME columns, it also optimizes YEAR and YEAR_MONTH to also work with ranges (<, <=, >, >=, BETWEEN), and for TIME columns it also optimizes HOUR, HOUR_MINUTE, HOUR_SECOND and HOUR_MICROSECOND for ranges.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[mjonss]

/retest

[mjonss]

/retest

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.47170% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Please upload report for BASE (release-8.1@d0b9c09). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

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Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	71.8157% <75.4717%> (?)

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Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9656% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	41.8487% <0.0000%> (?)

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: mjonss, xhebox

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-08-05 10:10:33.49655362 +0000 UTC m=+260363.363652708: ☑️ agreed by mjonss.
• 2024-08-06 01:53:31.480009564 +0000 UTC m=+316941.347108658: ☑️ agreed by xhebox.