GH-44759: [GLib] Add garrow_record_batch_validate() (#45353)

### Rationale for this change

[RecordBatch::Validate](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/cpp/api/table.html#_CPPv4NK5arrow11RecordBatch8ValidateEv) available in the C++ API.
But, GLib doesn't support that method yet.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This PR adds a validation method in the record-batch class.
Before this change, the `Validate()` method was used in the `garrow_record_batch_new` implicitly.
This PR removes it and adds it as a separate method. Users need to call `garrow_record_batch_validate()` explicitly by themselves. This is a backward incompatible change.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

**This PR includes breaking changes to public APIs.**

* GitHub Issue: #44759

Authored-by: Hiroyuki Sato <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>

c_glib/arrow-glib/record-batch.cpp

@@ -191,12 +191,7 @@ garrow_record_batch_new(GArrowSchema *schema,
   }
 
   auto arrow_record_batch = arrow::RecordBatch::Make(arrow_schema, n_rows, arrow_columns);
-  auto status = arrow_record_batch->Validate();
-  if (garrow_error_check(error, status, tag)) {
-    return garrow_record_batch_new_raw(&arrow_record_batch);
-  } else {
-    return NULL;
-  }
+  return garrow_record_batch_new_raw(&arrow_record_batch);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -702,3 +697,19 @@ garrow_record_batch_iterator_get_raw(GArrowRecordBatchIterator *iterator)
   auto priv = GARROW_RECORD_BATCH_ITERATOR_GET_PRIVATE(iterator);
   return &priv->iterator;
 }
+
+/**
+ * garrow_record_batch_validate
+ * @record_batch: A #GArrowRecordBatch
+ * @error: (nullable): Return location for a #GError or %NULL.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE on error.
+ *
+ * Since: 20.0.0
+ */
+gboolean
+garrow_record_batch_validate(GArrowRecordBatch *record_batch, GError **error)
+{
+  const auto arrow_record_batch = garrow_record_batch_get_raw(record_batch);
+  return garrow::check(error, arrow_record_batch->Validate(), "[record-batch][validate]");
+}

c_glib/arrow-glib/record-batch.h

@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ garrow_record_batch_serialize(GArrowRecordBatch *record_batch,
                               GArrowWriteOptions *options,
                               GError **error);
 
+GARROW_AVAILABLE_IN_20_0
+gboolean
+garrow_record_batch_validate(GArrowRecordBatch *record_batch, GError **error);
+
 #define GARROW_TYPE_RECORD_BATCH_ITERATOR (garrow_record_batch_iterator_get_type())
 GARROW_AVAILABLE_IN_0_17
 G_DECLARE_DERIVABLE_TYPE(GArrowRecordBatchIterator,

c_glib/test/test-record-batch.rb

@@ -189,5 +189,37 @@ def test_serialize
       assert_equal(@record_batch,
                    input_stream.read_record_batch(@record_batch.schema))
     end
+
+    sub_test_case("#validate") do
+      def setup
+        @id_field = Arrow::Field.new("id", Arrow::UInt8DataType.new)
+        @name_field = Arrow::Field.new("name", Arrow::StringDataType.new)
+        @schema = Arrow::Schema.new([@id_field, @name_field])
+
+        @id_value = build_uint_array([1])
+        @name_value = build_string_array(["abc"])
+        @values = [@id_value, @name_value]
+      end
+
+      def test_valid
+        n_rows = @id_value.length
+        record_batch = Arrow::RecordBatch.new(@schema, n_rows, @values)
+
+        assert do
+          record_batch.validate
+        end
+      end
+
+      def test_invalid
+        message = "[record-batch][validate]: Invalid: " +
+          "Number of rows in column 0 did not match batch: 1 vs 2"
+        n_rows = @id_value.length + 1 # incorrect number of rows
+
+        record_batch = Arrow::RecordBatch.new(@schema, n_rows, @values)
+        assert_raise(Arrow::Error::Invalid.new(message)) do
+          record_batch.validate
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 end