Clang response files break ccache

[Kha]

Describe the bug
#112449 hides clang arguments in a "response file" by default if isClang is true, but ccache does not support this and responds with "no input files" instead.

Additional context
The following workaround can be used to disable response files in a ccacheWrapper result cc, fixing the issue:

  cc.overrideAttrs (old: {
    installPhase = builtins.replaceStrings ["use_response_file_by_default=1"] ["use_response_file_by_default=0"] old.installPhase;
  })

Notify maintainers
@angerman

Maintainer information:

# a list of nixpkgs attributes affected by the problem
attribute: ccacheWrapper ccacheStdenv
# a list of nixos modules affected by the problem
module: programs.ccache

[rrbutani]

I've run into this issue as well.

Can we perhaps add a export NIX_CC_USE_RESPONSE_FILE=0 to the ccache-links wrapper (gated on isClang, maybe)?
Edit: my bad, that doesn't work; we need the env var to be set before the outer layer of stdenv wrapper machinery runs. By the time we're in the ccache wrapper it's too late.

It's also not clear to me if this is a bug in ccache or intended behavior (I was not able to find an issue for it upstream) but it's definitely reproducible:

# Okay:
nix-shell -p stdenv --run 'bash -c "cc @<(echo --version)"'

# Not okay:
nix-shell -p ccache --run 'bash -c "ccache cc @<(echo --version)"'