Add tut doc for State (take 2)

[ceedubs]

Fixes #314.

This is a reworked version of #379 based on some feedback I received. It still needs a little work explaining StateT and State's use of Trampoline, but I'd prefer for that to be handled after people are happy with the first part.

If you want to see the formatted version, it's currently posted here. Sorry, I tried to push it to the gh-pages branch on my fork instead of the official repo (again), but still messed it up. It looks like I need to change my git settings, and that it isn't enough to change git.remoteRepo.

[codecov-io]

Current coverage is 56.05%

Merging #384 into master will change coverage by +0.05% by ef1f6a7

Coverage Diff

@@            master    #384   diff @@
======================================
  Files          136     136       
  Stmts         1818    1818       
  Branches        25      25       
  Methods          0       0       
======================================
+ Hit           1018    1019     +1
  Partial          0       0       
+ Missed         800     799     -1

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[non]

👍

This is really great! I think it's a very clear and motivated example.

[tpolecat]

👍

[aryairani]

I get tripped up on the motivation.
val won’t work, but what about def is = Random.nextLong?
On Mon, Jun 29, 2015 at 08:58 Cody Allen [email protected] wrote:

Merged #384 https://github.com/non/cats/pull/384.

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https://github.com/non/cats/pull/384#event-342969822.