test: Fix L0_backend_python for Ubuntu 24.04 base

[kthui]

What does the PR do?

Fix L0_backend_python for Ubuntu 24.04 base container:

• Upgrade default Python version setting to 3.12
• Upgrade default Python version grep
• Upgrade removed PyTorch version
• Upgrade removed cmake version from Kitware repo
• Upgrade outdated Conda version
• Upgrade outdated Conda libstd version
• Upgrade Conda python_3_10_environment to 3.12
• Upgrade outdated numpy and TF version for 3.12
• Add Python 3.10 env test

Checklist

• PR title reflects the change and is of format <commit_type>: <Title>
• Changes are described in the pull request.
• Related issues are referenced.
• Populated github labels field
• Added test plan and verified test passes.
• Verified that the PR passes existing CI.
• Verified copyright is correct on all changed files.
• Added succinct git squash message before merging ref.
• All template sections are filled out.
• Optional: Additional screenshots for behavior/output changes with before/after.

Commit Type:

Check the conventional commit type
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• build
• ci
• docs
• feat
• fix
• perf
• refactor
• revert
• style
• test

Related PRs:

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Where should the reviewer start?

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Test plan:

Show L0_backend_python can pass on Ubuntu 24.04 base

• CI Pipeline ID: 20372466 & 20380045

Caveats:

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Background

The base container has been upgraded from Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04.

Related Issues: (use one of the action keywords Closes / Fixes / Resolves / Relates to)

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