acceptance: add TestRapidRestarts

See cockroachdb#19559, cockroachdb#19579, cockroachdb#19571 for issues touched by this test (all of which
it reproduced before the preceding commits fixed them).

The changes here (outside of the test) ensure that a single-node instance starts
as quickly as possible, without waiting for ports to be ready or for replication
to have occurred. This was done to remove any additional delay in
`TestRapidRestarts` that could otherwise obscur bugs (for example, consider that
going through `./cockroach quit` was not able to tickle any of the bugs). #
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I was also tempted to "bump" the version upgrade tests to use 1.1 instead of 1.0
since that would have removed a bunch of cruft (since 1.0 doesn't write its
listener files), but I decided against that. As a result, some of the new
accessors look a little unclean, but they should straighten themselves out once
we only rely on listener files.

pkg/acceptance/cluster/testconfig.proto

@@ -53,6 +53,4 @@ message TestConfig {
   // tests such as TestPut that will run indefinitely.
   optional int64 duration = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false, (gogoproto.casttype) = "time.Duration"];
   optional InitMode init_mode = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
-
-  // TODO(bram): #4559 once defined, add in a collection of chaos agents here.
 }