comment,doc: added the document comments (#6)

src/errors/arg_err.rs

@@ -6,9 +6,21 @@ use std::error;
 use std::ffi;
 use std::fmt;
 
+/// The enum type for errors of `OsString` arguments.
+///
+/// The variants of this enum indicates errors that can occur when operating
+/// command line arguments represented by `OsString`.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum InvalidOsArg {
-    OsArgsContainInvalidUnicode { index: usize, os_arg: ffi::OsString },
+    /// The enum variant which indicates that at least one `OsString` value in
+    /// the command line arguments is invalid Unicode.
+    OsArgsContainInvalidUnicode {
+        /// The index of the invalid argument.
+        /// The argument of which index is zero is the command path.
+        index: usize,
+        /// The `OsString` value of the invalid argument.
+        os_arg: ffi::OsString,
+    },
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for InvalidOsArg {

src/errors/cfg_err.rs

@@ -5,21 +5,54 @@
 use std::error;
 use std::fmt;
 
+/// The enum type for errors of option configurations.
+///
+/// This enum type has `store_key()` method, which makes it possible to handle
+/// configuration-related errors in a unified manner.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum InvalidConfig {
-    StoreKeyIsDuplicated { store_key: String },
-    ConfigIsMultiArgsButHasNoArg { store_key: String },
-    ConfigHasDefaultsButHasNoArg { store_key: String },
-    OptionNameIsDuplicated { store_key: String, name: String },
+    /// Indicates that there are duplicate store keys among multiple
+    /// configurations.
+    StoreKeyIsDuplicated {
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that an option configuration contradicts that the option can
+    /// take multiple arguments (`.is_multi_args == true`) though it does not
+    /// take option arguments (`.has_arg == false`).
+    ConfigIsMultiArgsButHasNoArg {
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that an option configuration contradicts that the default
+    /// arguments (`.defaults`) is not empty though it does not take option
+    /// arguments (`has_arg == false`).
+    ConfigHasDefaultsButHasNoArg {
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that there are duplicated option names among the option
+    /// configurations.
+    OptionNameIsDuplicated {
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+
+        /// The option name that caused this error.
+        name: String,
+    },
 }
 
 impl InvalidConfig {
+    /// Returns the key used to store the option in the `Cmd` instance.
     pub fn store_key(&self) -> &str {
         return match self {
-            InvalidConfig::StoreKeyIsDuplicated { store_key } => store_key,
-            InvalidConfig::ConfigIsMultiArgsButHasNoArg { store_key } => store_key,
-            InvalidConfig::ConfigHasDefaultsButHasNoArg { store_key } => store_key,
-            InvalidConfig::OptionNameIsDuplicated { store_key, .. } => store_key,
+            InvalidConfig::StoreKeyIsDuplicated { store_key } => &store_key,
+            InvalidConfig::ConfigIsMultiArgsButHasNoArg { store_key } => &store_key,
+            InvalidConfig::ConfigHasDefaultsButHasNoArg { store_key } => &store_key,
+            InvalidConfig::OptionNameIsDuplicated { store_key, .. } => &store_key,
         };
     }
 }

src/errors/opt_err.rs

@@ -5,16 +5,60 @@
 use std::error;
 use std::fmt;
 
+/// The enum type for errors of options or option arguments.
+///
+/// This enum type has `option()` method, which makes it possible to handle
+/// option-related errors in a unified manner.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum InvalidOption {
-    OptionContainsInvalidChar { option: String },
-    UnconfiguredOption { option: String },
-    OptionNeedsArg { option: String, store_key: String },
-    OptionTakesNoArg { option: String, store_key: String },
-    OptionIsNotMultiArgs { option: String, store_key: String },
+    /// Indicates that the name of an option is using invalid characters.
+    /// This error occurs if the name contains symbols or starts with a symbol
+    /// or number.
+    OptionContainsInvalidChar {
+        /// The option name that caused this error.
+        option: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that the option with the specified name does not exist in the
+    /// option configurations.
+    UnconfiguredOption {
+        /// The option name that caused this error.
+        option: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that the option requires arguments in the configuration, but
+    /// no argument is specified.
+    OptionNeedsArg {
+        /// The option name that caused this error.
+        option: String,
+
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that the option is not suppoesed to take an argument in the
+    /// configuration, but an argument is specified.
+    OptionTakesNoArg {
+        /// The option name that caused this error.
+        option: String,
+
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Indicates that the option is supposed to take one argument in the
+    /// configuration, but multiple arguments are specified.
+    OptionIsNotMultiArgs {
+        /// The option name that caused this error.
+        option: String,
+
+        /// The store key of the specified option in the configuration.
+        store_key: String,
+    },
 }
 
 impl InvalidOption {
+    /// Returns the name of the option that caused the error.
     pub fn option(&self) -> &str {
         return match self {
             InvalidOption::OptionContainsInvalidChar { option } => &option,

src/lib.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,110 @@
 // This program is free software under MIT License.
 // See the file LICENSE in this distribution for more details.
 
+//! This crate is a library to parse command line arguments.
+//!
+//! This crate provides the following functionalities:
+//!
+//! - Supports [POSIX][posix] & [GNU][gnu] like short and long options.
+//!     - This crate supports `--` option.
+//!     - This library doesn't support numeric short option.
+//!     - This library supports not `-ofoo` but `-o=foo` as an alternative to
+//!       `-o foo` for short option.
+//!
+//! [posix]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Argument-Syntax.html#Argument-Syntax
+//! [gnu]: https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/Command_002dLine-Interfaces.html
+//!
+//! ## Install
+//!
+//! In `Cargo.toml`, write this crate as a dependency.
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [dependencies]
+//! cliargs = "0.1.0"
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Usage
+//!
+//! This crate provides the `Cmd` strcut to parse command line arguments.
+//! The usage of this `Cmd` struct is as follows:
+//!
+//! ### Creates a `Cmd` instance
+//!
+//! The `Cmd::new` function creates a `Cmd` instance with original command line
+//! arguments.
+//! This function uses `std::env::arg_os` and `OsString#into_string` to read
+//! command line arguments in order to avoid `panic!` call that the user cannot
+//! control.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use cliargs::Cmd;
+//! use cliargs::errors::InvalidOsArg;
+//!
+//! let cmd = match Cmd::new() {
+//!     Ok(cmd) => cmd,
+//!     Err(InvalidOsArg::OsArgsContainInvalidUnicode { index, os_arg }) => {
+//!         panic!("Invalid Unicode data: {:?} (index: {})", os_arg, index);
+//!     }
+//! };
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ### Creates a `Cmd` instance with the specified `String` array
+//!
+//! The `Cmd::with_strings` function creates a `Cmd` instance with the
+//! specified `String` array.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use cliargs::Cmd;
+//! use std::env;
+//!
+//! let cmd = Cmd::with_strings(env::args());
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ### Creates a `Cmd` instance with the specified `OsString` array.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use cliargs::Cmd;
+//! use cliargs::errors::InvalidOsArg;
+//! use std::env;
+//!
+//! let cmd = match Cmd::with_os_strings(env::args_os()) {
+//!     Ok(cmd) => cmd,
+//!     Err(InvalidOsArg::OsArgsContainInvalidUnicode { index, os_arg }) => {
+//!         panic!("Invalid Unicode data: {:?} (index: {})", os_arg, index);
+//!     }
+//! };
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Parses without configurations
+//!
+//! The `Cmd` struct has the method which parses command line arguments without
+//! configurations.
+//! This method automatically divides command line arguments to options and
+//! command arguments.
+//!
+//! Command line arguments starts with `-` or `--` are options, and others are
+//! command arguments.
+//! If you want to specify a value to an option, follows `"="` and the value
+//! after the option, like `foo=123`.
+//!
+//! All command line arguments after `--` are command arguments, even they
+//! starts with `-` or `--`.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use cliargs::Cmd;
+//! use cliargs::errors::InvalidOption;
+//!
+//! let mut cmd = Cmd::with_strings(vec![ /* ... */ ]);
+//! match cmd.parse() {
+//!     Ok(_) => { /* ... */ },
+//!     Err(InvalidOption::OptionContainsInvalidChar { option }) => {
+//!         panic!("Option contains invalid character: {option}");
+//!     },
+//!     Err(err) => panic!("Invalid option: {}", err.option()),
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+/// Enums for errors that can occur when parsing command line arguments.
 pub mod errors;
 
 mod parse;
@@ -13,6 +117,15 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::mem;
 use std::path;
 
+/// `Cmd` is the struct that parses command line arguments and stores them.
+///
+/// The results of parsing are stored by separating into command name,
+/// command arguments, options, and option arguments.
+///
+/// These values are retrieved as string slices with the same lifetime as this
+/// `Cmd` instance.
+/// Therefore, if you want to use those values for a longer period, it is
+/// needed to convert them to [String]s.
 pub struct Cmd<'a> {
     name: &'a str,
     args: Vec<&'a str>,
@@ -41,10 +154,20 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Cmd<'_> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> Cmd<'a> {
+    /// Creates a `Cmd` instance with command line arguments obtained from
+    /// [std::env::args_os].
+    ///
+    /// Since [std::env::args_os] returns a vector of [OsString] and they can
+    /// contain invalid unicode data, the return value of this funciton is
+    /// [Result] of `Cmd` or `errors::InvalidOsArg`.
     pub fn new() -> Result<Cmd<'a>, errors::InvalidOsArg> {
         Self::with_os_strings(env::args_os())
     }
 
+    /// Creates a `Cmd` instance with the specified iterator of [OsString]s.
+    ///
+    /// [OsString]s can contain invalid unicode data, the return value of
+    /// this function is [Result] of `Cmd` or `errors::InvalidOsArg`.
     pub fn with_os_strings(
         osargs: impl IntoIterator<Item = OsString>,
     ) -> Result<Cmd<'a>, errors::InvalidOsArg> {
@@ -113,6 +236,7 @@ impl<'a> Cmd<'a> {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Creates a `Cmd` instance with the specified iterator of [String]s.
     pub fn with_strings(args: impl IntoIterator<Item = String>) -> Cmd<'a> {
         let arg_iter = args.into_iter();
         let (size, _) = arg_iter.size_hint();
@@ -147,18 +271,34 @@ impl<'a> Cmd<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the command name.
+    ///
+    /// This name is base name extracted from the command path string slice,
+    /// which is the first element of the command line arguments.
     pub fn name(&'a self) -> &'a str {
         self.name
     }
 
+    /// Returns the command arguments.
+    ///
+    /// These arguments are retrieved as string slices in an array.
     pub fn args(&'a self) -> &'a [&'a str] {
         &self.args
     }
 
+    /// Checks whether an option with the specified name exists.
     pub fn has_opt(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
         self.opts.contains_key(name)
     }
 
+    /// Returns the option argument with the specified name.
+    ///
+    /// If the option has multiple arguments, this method returns the first
+    /// argument.
+    ///
+    /// Since the option may not be specified in the command line arguments,
+    /// the return value of this method  is an [Option] of an option argument
+    /// or [None].
     pub fn opt_arg(&'a self, name: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
         if let Some(opt_vec) = self.opts.get(name) {
             if opt_vec.len() > 0 {
@@ -168,6 +308,14 @@ impl<'a> Cmd<'a> {
         None
     }
 
+    /// Returns the option arguments with the specified name.
+    ///
+    /// If the option has one or multiple arguments, this method returns an
+    /// array of the arguments.
+    ///
+    /// Since the option may not be specified in the command line arguments,
+    /// the return value of this method is an [Option] of option arguments or
+    /// [None].
     pub fn opt_args(&'a self, name: &str) -> Option<&'a [&'a str]> {
         match self.opts.get(name) {
             Some(vec) => Some(&vec),

src/parse/parse.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,26 @@ use crate::errors::InvalidOption;
 use crate::Cmd;
 
 impl<'a> Cmd<'a> {
+    /// Parses command line arguments without configurations.
+    ///
+    /// This method divides command line arguments into options and command
+    /// arguments based on imple rules that are almost the same as POSIX &
+    /// GNU:
+    /// arguments staring with `-` or `--` are treated as options, and
+    /// others are treated as command arguments.
+    /// If an `=` is found within an option, the part before the `=` is treated
+    /// as the option name, and the part after the `=` is treated as the option
+    /// argument.
+    /// Options starting with `--` are long options and option starting with
+    /// `-` are short options.
+    /// Multiple short options can be concatenated into a single command line
+    /// argument.
+    /// If an argument is exactly `--`, all subsequent arguments are treated as
+    /// command arguments.
+    ///
+    /// Since the results of parsing are stored into this `Cmd` instance, this
+    /// method returns a [Result] which contains an unit value (`()`) if
+    /// succeeding, or a `errors::InvalidOption` if failing.
     pub fn parse(&mut self) -> Result<(), InvalidOption> {
         let collect_args = |arg| {
             self.args.push(arg);