Relax dependencies

[gadomski]

Related Issue(s):

• Closes Relax upper bounds on dependencies #227
• Relates to Remove Python 3.7 support #223 in that we can't use numpy>=1.22.0 until we drop Python 3.7, and until we do we need some # type: ignore comments on a couple of numpy calls that need to be ignored for newer numpy versions.

Description:

• Removes the upper bounds on our dependencies.
• Lowers the lower bounds on our dependencies, where possible. This process was pretty unscientific, mostly just manually installing versions and running the test suite.
• Adds minimum-versions and pre-release-versions to our CI.
• Changes the names of the python build actions
• Breaks python-matrix into standard and extra-requires
• Refactors the Python setup to repository-specific composite action to reduce duplication in the workflow file

Note that we had to unset PROJ_LIB to get the pre-release to pass, as described here: https://github.com/rasterio/rasterio/blob/master/docs/faq.rst#why-cant-rasterio-find-projdb-rasterio-from-pypi-versions--120. Not quite sure the correct approach to future-proof ourselves here, so going to just leave this as the solution in lieu of a better suggestion.

PR checklist:

• Code is formatted (run scripts/format).
• Code lints properly (run scripts/lint).
• Tests pass (run scripts/test).
• Documentation has been updated to reflect changes, if applicable.
• Changes are added to the CHANGELOG.
• Bring "required" actions into sync with the new actions/names (will be done after approval)

[TomAugspurger]

LGTM, just one minor question.