expression: refine date_add/sub return type and precision

[zanmato1984]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #31799, close #9813. And part of #31867 will be resolved by this PR.

Problem Summary:

There exists several issues about function date_add and date_sub:

1. Return types of several signatures don't match MySQL's (doc):
   1. date_add/sub(int/double/decimal, interval): MySQL returns string, TiDB returns datetime.
   2. date_add/sub(duration, interval) when interval unit contains YMD part (except for DAY_MICROSECOND - I believe it's a mismatch between MySQL's actual behavior and its document, but it doesn't matter much), MySQL returns datetime with current date padded, TiDB returns time.
   3. Precision of the return type doesn't match MySQL's in many cases. Note that here I mean the precision concluded by type inference - MySQL client option --column-type-info is your good friend.
2. Runtime doesn't respect the precision inferred in compile time. For a datetime value, we check if the MS part is zero then adjust the precision to 0 (min fsp) or 6 (max fsp). No respect to compile time type at all.

Honestly I can file 10+ bugs easily about the above issues.

What is changed and how it works?

Don't get scared of this huge PR - 90% are tests and 80% of which are generated, the core is quite simple. This PR includes the following changes:

1. The core change is in expression/builtin_time.go:
   1. Refine the type inference about the return type and precision of date_add and date_sub.
   2. Refine the evaluation so that the type and precision by type inference is respected.
   3. Add necessary signatures - ideally we should be able to leverage implicit cast to get a datetime value from int/double/decimal/string, however, as described in this comment, to comply with MySQL's weird behaviors we need specialized overload for each of int/double/decimal/string.
   4. Abstract things like "add or sub", "how to evaluate the datetime value", and "how to evaluate the interval value". Use some simple composition to eliminate the mostly-copy-paste individual overloads. And the overall LOC is reduced from 1456 to 591.
2. The vectorized versions are simple enough to not use generator, thus moved from generator (expression/generator/time_vec.go) to regular implementations (expression/builtin_time_vec.go). I would have to write more code in template than just directly write them in go. However the vectorized tests are enhanced by adding more cases.
3. Tests:
   1. Add thorough type infer test cases.
   2. Update several existing UT and integration test cases that already mismatch MySQL's result - each of them is a bug-to-be-reported.
   3. Add more cases to existing UT and integration test.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

Fix the issue that the return type and precision of function `date_add` and `date_sub` does not match that of MySQL.

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• mjonss
• winoros

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[zanmato1984]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 020b32a

[zanmato1984]

/run-mysql-test tidb-test=pr/1734

[zanmato1984]

/rebuild

[zanmato1984]

/rebuild

[hawkingrei]

/run-build

[ti-srebot]

cherry pick to release-5.0 in PR #35444

[ti-srebot]

cherry pick to release-5.1 in PR #35445

[ti-srebot]

cherry pick to release-5.2 in PR #35446

[ti-srebot]

cherry pick to release-5.3 in PR #35447

[ti-srebot]

cherry pick to release-5.4 in PR #35448

[ti-srebot]

cherry pick to release-6.0 in PR #35449

[sre-bot]

TiDB MergeCI notify

🔴 Bad News! New failing [1] after this pr merged.
These new failed integration tests seem to be caused by the current PR, please try to fix these new failed integration tests, thanks!

CI Name	Result	Duration	Compare with Parent commit
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/common-test	🟥 failed 2, success 10, total 12	10 min	New failing
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-common-test	🔴 failed 2, success 9, total 11	18 min	Existing failure
idc-jenkins-ci/integration-cdc-test	🟢 all 34 tests passed	31 min	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/tics-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	12 min	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-ddl-test	🟢 all 6 tests passed	7 min 59 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-2	🟢 all 28 tests passed	7 min 4 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-1	🟢 all 26 tests passed	6 min 32 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/mybatis-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	3 min 38 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-compatibility-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	3 min 25 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/plugin-test	🟢 build success, plugin test success	4min	Existing passed