feat: handle SDK environment variables

[jtmalinowski]

Which problem is this PR solving?

• Fixes General environment configuration #1675

Short description of the changes

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1921 (ad1b04a) into main (9f965b0) will increase coverage by 0.08%.
The diff coverage is 88.33%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1921      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.45%   92.54%   +0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         165      165              
  Lines        5463     5514      +51     
  Branches     1152     1165      +13     
==========================================
+ Hits         5051     5103      +52     
+ Misses        412      411       -1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...y-api/src/context/propagation/TextMapPropagator.ts	14.28% <ø> (ø)
...kages/opentelemetry-node/src/NodeTracerProvider.ts	95.23% <80.00%> (-4.77%)	⬇️
packages/opentelemetry-tracing/src/config.ts	86.20% <85.71%> (-13.80%)	⬇️
...s/opentelemetry-tracing/src/BasicTracerProvider.ts	94.54% <87.50%> (+15.05%)	⬆️
packages/opentelemetry-api/src/api/propagation.ts	94.59% <100.00%> (+1.26%)	⬆️
...elemetry-core/src/context/propagation/composite.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...ckages/opentelemetry-core/src/utils/environment.ts	90.00% <100.00%> (ø)
packages/opentelemetry-tracing/src/utility.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...emetry-core/src/platform/node/RandomIdGenerator.ts	93.75% <0.00%> (+6.25%)	⬆️

[vmarchaud]

@jtmalinowski I think we can close this one ?