This example shows a minimal firmware that redirects printf() output to go to the SWO (single-wire-out) port of the microcontroller.
The SWO port can then be connected to the SWO pin of an SWD-capabable debugger (e.g., an STLink). The STM32 Nucleo boards already have the on-board SWO pin of the ST-Link connected, so no extra hardware or wiring is needed.
The demo is written for an ST Nucleo-F103RB with its on-board STLink.
The main work has actually already been done by the people in this thread: https://community.platformio.org/t/viewing-swo-output-within-pio/13853
OpenOCD is started in a configuration that opens a TCL server (port 6666) and forwards the SWO data to the TCL server.
The script found at https://github.com/robertlong13/SWO-Parser is used as the TCL client program which connectes to port 6666 and decodes the SWO streams. It was slightly adapted.
IMPORTANT: Adapt the platformio.ini in regards to the
swo_trace_clkin_freq = 64000000and
-c "nucleo_f103rb.tpiu configure -traceclk 64000000"clock values. This must be the HCLK frequency / CPU frequency that the microcontroller is setup to run with in the firmware.
In this example, a clock init function initializes the high-speed internal (HSI) oscillator and PLL to run the microcontroller at 64 MHz.
If your board runs at a different frequency, this value needs changing, or no output will be visible.
When a firmware has already been uploaded (via the normal "Upload" task) that uses the SWO output, the project task "Custom" -> "SWO Viewer" can be used to view the output.
When the SWO viewer is started, it will invoke OpenOCD to connect to the target microcontroller and setup the SWO port reading with the frequencies mentioned above. It will also restart the microcontroller using the OpenOCD monitor reset run command, so that output can be viewed from the beginning.
To enable viewing SWO output when debugging, a different approach must be taken: The debug_server must be changed to run OpenOCD in a configuration where the SWO output is read and a TCL server is started. This is already done in this project through the platformio.ini.
Then, debugging can be started normally
After the initial breakpoint at main() is hit, one needs to manually starts the swo_parser.py script to see the output. Click on the "TERMINAL" tab in VSCode and select the "powershell" session on the right. It should open a shell with the current directory being the project.
After that, start the swo_parser.py script using python and with --dont-run as an argument. The latter prevents the script from letting the microcontroller run, this would otherwise interfer with the VSCode debugging where the chip is halted at the breakpoint.
If python is a globally accessible command, execute
python swo_parser.py --dont-run
If it is not, execute the command pio system info to find the "Python Executable" value and use that instead of python.
After that, the SWO output can again be seen.
This example only works when OpenOCD is the debugging server. For JLink probes, the JLinkGDBServerCL program is used to create the GDB server. This example does not work with that.