build(deps): update docker.io/library/rust from 1.76.0 to 1.83.0

Dockerfile

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ ENV PROTOC_NO_VENDOR=1 \
     PROTOC_INCLUDE=/usr/local/include
 
 # A Rust build environment.
-FROM docker.io/rust:1.76-slim-bookworm as rust
+FROM docker.io/library/rust:1.83-slim-bookworm as rust
 RUN --mount=type=cache,from=apt-base,source=/etc/apt,target=/etc/apt,ro \
     --mount=type=cache,from=apt-base,source=/var/cache/apt,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
     --mount=type=cache,from=apt-base,source=/var/lib/apt/lists,target=/var/lib/apt/lists,sharing=locked \

actions/setup-rust/action.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ inputs:
   # TODO(ver): CI should validate at this version matches that in the Dockerfile
   version:
     description: Container image version
-    default: 1.76.0
+    default: 1.83.0
 
   components:
     description: Rust components to install