Support contextual logging

[bells17]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

I've updated the klog functions used within csi-lib-utils to contextual logging functions, following the guidelines below:
https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-instrumentation/migration-to-structured-logging.md

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

• Added contextual logging checks using logcheck. (You can run logcheck with make test or make logcheck)

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

Added support for contextual logging.

[k8s-ci-robot]

Skipping CI for Draft Pull Request.
If you want CI signal for your change, please convert it to an actual PR.
You can still manually trigger a test run with /test all

[bells17]

/wg structured-logging
/priority important-longterm
/kind cleanup
/cc @pohly

https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-instrumentation/migration-to-structured-logging.md#what-to-include-in-the-pull-request

[bells17]

/hold

https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/C09QZFCE5/p1715087356356999

[bells17]

@jsafrane Thank you for your review.
I have made the changes. Could you please review it again?

[jsafrane]

/lgtm
/approve
/hold cancel
I will replace hack/verify-logcheck.sh with the version in release-tools in a subsequent PR, together with Kubernetes update.

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: bells17, jsafrane

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