mingo

MongoDB query language for in-memory objects

Install

$ npm install mingo

Features

• Dot notation selectors. <array>.<index> and <document>.<field>.
• Query and Projection operators.
• Aggregation Framework.
  • Pipeline operators
  • Accumulator operators
  • Expression operators
  • Window operators
• Aggregaion variables; $$ROOT, $$CURRENT, $$DESCEND, $$PRUNE, $$KEEP, $$REMOVE, $$NOW
• Filtering and aggregation using streaming.
• Document update support. See Updating Documents.
• Custom type value equality using toString when implemented.

For more documentation on how to use operators see mongodb.

API Documentation.

Usage

// Use as es6 module
import mingo from "mingo";

// or vanilla nodeJS
const mingo = require("mingo");

The main module exports functions aggregate, find, remove, and update, and the objects Aggregator and Query. Query and Projection operators are loaded by default by the root through the side-effect module init/basic. This also automatically includes pipeline operators; $project, $skip, $limit, and $sort.

Loading Operators

MongoDB query library is huge and you may not need all the operators. When using this library on the server-side where bundle size is not a concern, you can load all operators as shown below.

// This effectively imports the entire library into your bundle.
import "mingo/init/system";

Or from the node CLI

node -r 'mingo/init/system' myscript.js

To support tree-shaking for client side bundles, you can import and register specific operators that will be used in your application.

ES6

import { useOperators } from "mingo/core";
import { $trunc } from "mingo/operators/expression/trunc";
import { $bucket } from "mingo/operators/pipeline/bucket";

useOperators("expression", { $trunc });
useOperators("pipeline", { $bucket });

CommonJS

const core = require("mingo/core");
const $trunc = require("mingo/operators/expression/trunc").$trunc;
const $bucket = require("mingo/operators/pipeline/bucket").$bucket;

core.useOperators("expression", { $trunc: $trunc });
core.useOperators("pipeline", { $bucket: $bucket });

Using query to test objects

import { Query } from "mingo";

// create a query with criteria
// find all grades for homework with score >= 50
let query = new Query({
  type: "homework",
  score: { $gte: 50 }
});

// test if an object matches query
query.test(doc);

Searching and Filtering

import { Query } from "mingo";

// input is either an Array or any iterable source (i.e Object{next:Function}) including ES6 generators.
let criteria = { score: { $gt: 10 } };

let query = new Query(criteria);

// filter collection with find()
let cursor = query.find(collection);

// alternatively use shorthand
// cursor = mingo.find(collection, criteria)

// sort, skip and limit by chaining
cursor.sort({ student_id: 1, score: -1 }).skip(100).limit(100);

// count matches. exhausts cursor
cursor.count();

// classic cursor iterator (old school)
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
  console.log(cursor.next());
}

// ES6 iterators (new cool)
for (let value of cursor) {
  console.log(value);
}

// all() to retrieve matched objects. exhausts cursor
cursor.all();

Using $jsonSchema operator

To use the $jsonSchema operator, you must register your own JsonSchemaValidator in the options. No default implementation is provided out of the box so users can use a library with their preferred schema format.

The example below uses Ajv to implement schema validation.

import * as mingo from "mingo"
import type { AnyObject } from "mingo/types"
import type { JsonSchemaValidator } from "mingo/core"
import Ajv, { Schema } from "ajv"

const jsonSchemaValidator: JsonSchemaValidator = (s: AnyObject) => {
  const ajv = new Ajv();
  const v = ajv.compile(s as Schema);
  return (o: AnyObject) => (v(o) ? true : false);
};

const schema = {
  type: "object",
  required: ["item", "qty", "instock"],
  properties: {
    item: { type: "string" },
    qty: { type: "integer" },
    size: {
      type: "object",
      required: ["uom"],
      properties: {
        uom: { type: "string" },
        h: { type: "number" },
        w: { type: "number" },
      },
    },
    instock: { type: "boolean" },
  },
};

// queries documents using schema validation
mingo.find(docs, { $jsonSchema: schema }, {}, { jsonSchemaValidator }).all();

Note: An error is thrown when the $jsonSchema operator is used without a the jsonSchemaValidator configured.

Aggregation Pipeline

import { Aggregator } from "mingo/aggregator";
import { useOperators } from "mingo/core";
import { $match, $group } from "mingo/operators/pipeline";
import { $min } from "mingo/operators/accumulator";

// ensure the required operators are preloaded prior to using them.
useOperators("pipeline", { $match, $group });
useOperators("accumulator", { $min });

let agg = new Aggregator([
  { $match: { type: "homework" } },
  { $group: { _id: "$student_id", score: { $min: "$score" } } },
  { $sort: { _id: 1, score: 1 } }
]);

// return an iterator for streaming results
let stream = agg.stream(collection);

// return all results. same as `stream.all()`
let result = agg.run(collection);

Options

Query and aggregation operations can be configured with options to enabled different features or customize how documents are processed. Some options are only relevant to specific operators and need not be specified if not required.

Name	Default	Description
collation	none	Collation specification for string sorting operations. See Intl.Collator
collectionResolver	none	Function to resolve strings to arrays for use with operators that reference other collections such as; $lookup, $out and $merge. Expects: (string) => AnyObject[].
context	none	An object that defines which operators should be used. This option allow users to load only desired operators or register custom operators which need not be available globally.
hashFunction	default	Custom hash function to replace the default based on "Effective Java" hashCode. Expects: (Any) => number.
idKey	"_id"	The key that is used to lookup the ID value of a document.
jsonSchemaValidator	none	JSON schema validator to use for the $jsonSchema operator. Expects: (schema: AnyObject) => (document: AnyObject) => boolean. The $jsonSchema operation would fail if a validator is not provided.
processingMode	CLONE_OFF	Specifies the degree of mutation for inputs and outputs. By default the input collection is modified as needed and returned output objects may share references. Immutable intermediate results may be collected in a pipeline using the $out operator.
scriptEnabled	true	Enable or disable using custom script execution. When disabled, operators that execute custom code are disallowed such as; $where, $accumulator, and $function.
useGlobalContext	true	Fallback to the global context if an operator is missing from the user-supplied context. This is provided to allow users to strictly enforce which operators may be used.
useStrictMode	true	Enforces strict MongoDB compatibilty. When disabled the behaviour changes as follows. $elemMatch returns all matching nested documents instead of only the first. Empty string "" is coerced to false during boolean checking in supported operators which is consistent with Javascript semantics. $type returns JS native type names as follows. MongoDB JavaScript "missing" "undefined" "bool" "boolean" "int"|"long"|"double" "number" "regex" "regexp"
variables	{}	Global variables to pass to all operators

Custom Operators

Custom operators can be registered using a Context object via the context option which is the recommended way since 6.4.2. Context provides a container for operators, that the execution engine will use to process queries. To register an operator globally, the useOperators(...) function is available. Globally registered operators cannot be overwritten whereas a new context may be created and used at anytime.

NB: Note that the execution engine will first try to find the operator in the context and fallback to the global context when not found if the useGlobalContext option is true.

Custom operators must conform to the signatures of their types.

• AccumulatorOperator
• ExpressionOperator
• ProjectionOperator
• PipelineOperator
• WindowOperator
• QueryOperator

To define custom operators, the following imports are useful.

const mingo = require("mingo")
const core = require("mingo/core");
const util = require("mingo/util");

Custom Operator Examples

// this example creates a query operator that checks is a value is between a boundary.
const $between = (selector, args, options) => {
  return (obj) => {
    const value = util.resolve(obj, selector, { unwrapArray: true });
    return value >= args[0] && value <= args[1];
  };
}
// a test collection
const collection = [
  { a: 1, b: 1 },
  { a: 7, b: 1 },
  { a: 10, b: 6 },
  { a: 20, b: 10 }
];

Register csutom operator using the context option.

The custom operator is registerd with a user-provided context object that is passed an option to the query. The context will be searched for operators used in a query and fallback to the global context when not found.

const context = core.Context.init().addQueryOps({ $between })
// must specify context option to make operator available
const result = mingo.find(collection, { a: { $between: [5, 10] } }, {}, { context }).all()
console.log(result) // output => [ { a: 7, b: 1 }, { a: 10, b: 6 } ]

Register custom operator globally using useOperators.

The custom operator is registered to be available globally.

// register the operator for global use.
try {
  core.useOperators("query", { $between })
} catch {
  // error thrown if an operator with name "$between" is already registered.
}
// query with new operator
const result = mingo.find(collection, { a: { $between: [5, 10] }}).all()
console.log(result) // output => [ { a: 7, b: 1 }, { a: 10, b: 6 } ]

Updating Documents

An update operation can be performed using the update function from the mingo/updater module. Unlike other operations in the library, this only works on a single object. The query and aggregation operators are powerful enough to use for transforming arrays of documents and should be preferred when dealing with multiple objects. update returns an array of all paths that were updated. It also supports arrayFilters for applicable operators. To detect whether a change occured you can check the length of the returned array.

All operators as of MongoDB 5.0 are supported except the positional array operator $.

Examples

import { update } from "mingo";
// all update operators are automatically loaded.

const obj = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Wick",
  age: 40,
  friends: ["Scooby", "Shagy", "Fred"]
};

// returns array of modified paths if value changed.
update(obj, { $set: { firstName: "Bob", lastName: "Doe" } }); // ["firstName", "lastName"]

// update nested values.
update(obj, { $pop: { friends: 1 } }); // ["friends"] => friends: ["Scooby", "Shagy"]
// update nested value path
update(obj, { $unset: { "friends.1": "" } }); // ["friends.1"] => friends: ["Scooby", null]
// update with condition
update(obj, { $set: { "friends.$[e]": "Velma" } }, [{ e: null }]); // ["friends"] => friends: ["Scooby", "Velma"]
// empty array returned if value has not changed.
update(obj, { $set: { fristName: "Bob" } }); // [] => no change to object.

You can also create a preconfigured updater function.

import { createUpdater } from "mingo/updater";

// configure updater to deep clone passed values. clone mode defaults to "copy".
const updateState = createUpdater({ cloneMode: "deep" });

const state = { people: ["Fred", "John"] };
const newPeople = ["Amy", "Mark"];

console.log(state.people); // ["Fred", "John"]

updateState(state, { $set: { people: newPeople } });

newPeople.push("Jason");

console.log(state.people); // ["Amy", "Mark"]
console.log(newPeople); // ["Amy", "Mark", "Jason"]

Differences from MongoDB

Below is a description of how this library differs from the full MongoDB query engine.

1. There is no concept of a collection. Input is an array, generator or iterable of objects.
2. Support a single numeric type number.
3. Does not support types "minKey", "maxKey", "timestamp", or "binData".
4. Does not support server specific operators. E.g. $collStat, $planCacheStats, $listSessions.
5. Does not support geometry query operators.
6. Does not support query operators dependent on persistent storage; $comment, $meta, $text.
7. Does not support positional query or update operator $.
8. Does not support server specific expression operators; $toObjectId, $binarySize, bsonSize.
9. Aggregation pipeline operator $merge enforces unique constraint on the lookup field during input processing.
10. Custom function evaluation operators; $where, $function, and $accumulator, do not accept strings as the function body.
11. Custom function evaluation operators are enabled by default. They can be disabled with the scriptEnabled option.
12. Custom function evaluation operator $accumulator does not support the merge option.
13. The $jsonSchema operator requires the user to register their own validator using the jsonSchemaValidator configuration.

Benefits

• Declarative data driven API.
• Usable on both frontend and backend.
• Provides an alternative to writing custom code for transforming objects.
• Validate MongoDB queries without running a server.
• Well documented. MongoDB query language is among the best available and has great documentation.

Contributing

• Squash changes into one commit.
• Run npm test to build and run unit tests.
• Submit pull request.

To validate correct behaviour and semantics of operators, you may also test against mongoplayground.net. Credit to the author @feliix.

A big thank you to all users and CONTRIBUTORS of this library.

License

MIT