passt: Add PASTA mode, major rework

PASTA (Pack A Subtle Tap Abstraction) provides quasi-native host
connectivity to an otherwise disconnected, unprivileged network
and user namespace, similarly to slirp4netns. Given that the
implementation is largely overlapping with PASST, no separate binary
is built: 'pasta' (and 'passt4netns' for clarity) both link to
'passt', and the mode of operation is selected depending on how the
binary is invoked. Usage example:

	$ unshare -rUn
	# echo $$
	1871759

	$ ./pasta 1871759	# From another terminal

	# udhcpc -i pasta0 2>/dev/null
	# ping -c1 pasta.pizza
	PING pasta.pizza (64.190.62.111) 56(84) bytes of data.
	64 bytes from 64.190.62.111 (64.190.62.111): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=34.6 ms

	--- pasta.pizza ping statistics ---
	1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 34.575/34.575/34.575/0.000 ms
	# ping -c1 spaghetti.pizza
	PING spaghetti.pizza(2606:4700:3034::6815:147a (2606:4700:3034::6815:147a)) 56 data bytes
	64 bytes from 2606:4700:3034::6815:147a (2606:4700:3034::6815:147a): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=29.0 ms

	--- spaghetti.pizza ping statistics ---
	1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.967/28.967/28.967/0.000 ms

This entails a major rework, especially with regard to the storage of
tracked connections and to the semantics of epoll(7) references.

Indexing TCP and UDP bindings merely by socket proved to be
inflexible and unsuitable to handle different connection flows: pasta
also provides Layer-2 to Layer-2 socket mapping between init and a
separate namespace for local connections, using a pair of splice()
system calls for TCP, and a recvmmsg()/sendmmsg() pair for UDP local
bindings. For instance, building on the previous example:

	# ip link set dev lo up
	# iperf3 -s

	$ iperf3 -c ::1 -Z -w 32M -l 1024k -P2 | tail -n4
	[SUM]   0.00-10.00  sec  52.3 GBytes  44.9 Gbits/sec  283             sender
	[SUM]   0.00-10.43  sec  52.3 GBytes  43.1 Gbits/sec                  receiver

	iperf Done.

epoll(7) references now include a generic part in order to
demultiplex data to the relevant protocol handler, using 24
bits for the socket number, and an opaque portion reserved for
usage by the single protocol handlers, in order to track sockets
back to corresponding connections and bindings.

A number of fixes pertaining to TCP state machine and congestion
window handling are also included here.

Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <[email protected]>

Makefile

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 CFLAGS += -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+CFLAGS += -DRLIMIT_STACK_VAL=$(shell ulimit -s)
 
-all: passt qrap
+all: passt pasta passt4netns qrap
 
 passt: passt.c passt.h arp.c arp.h dhcp.c dhcp.h dhcpv6.c dhcpv6.h pcap.c pcap.h  ndp.c ndp.h siphash.c siphash.h tap.c tap.h icmp.c icmp.h tcp.c tcp.h udp.c udp.h util.c util.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) passt.c arp.c dhcp.c dhcpv6.c pcap.c ndp.c siphash.c tap.c icmp.c tcp.c udp.c util.c -o passt
 
+pasta: passt
+	ln -s passt pasta
+
+passt4netns: passt
+	ln -s passt passt4netns
+
 qrap: qrap.c passt.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -DARCH=\"$(shell uname -m)\" qrap.c -o qrap
 
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:
-	-${RM} passt *.o qrap
+	-${RM} passt *.o qrap pasta passt4netns

arp.c

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 
 /* PASST - Plug A Simple Socket Transport
+ *  for qemu/UNIX domain socket mode
+ *
+ * PASTA - Pack A Subtle Tap Abstraction
+ *  for network namespace/tap device mode
  *
  * arp.c - ARP implementation
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Red Hat GmbH
  * Author: Stefano Brivio <[email protected]>
- *
  */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -22,9 +25,9 @@
 #include <net/if_arp.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 
+#include "util.h"
 #include "passt.h"
 #include "dhcp.h"
-#include "util.h"
 #include "tap.h"
 #include "arp.h"
 
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ int arp(struct ctx *c, struct ethhdr *eh, size_t len)
 	memcpy(eh->h_dest, eh->h_source, ETH_ALEN);
 	memcpy(eh->h_source, c->mac, ETH_ALEN);
 
-	if (tap_send(c->fd_unix, eh, len, 0) < 0)
+	if (tap_send(c, eh, len, 0) < 0)
 		perror("ARP: send");
 
 	return 1;

dhcp.c

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 
 /* PASST - Plug A Simple Socket Transport
+ *  for qemu/UNIX domain socket mode
+ *
+ * PASTA - Pack A Subtle Tap Abstraction
+ *  for network namespace/tap device mode
  *
  * dhcp.c - Minimalistic DHCP server for PASST
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Red Hat GmbH
  * Author: Stefano Brivio <[email protected]>
- *
  */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -21,9 +24,9 @@
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 
+#include "util.h"
 #include "passt.h"
 #include "dhcp.h"
-#include "util.h"
 #include "tap.h"
 
 /**
@@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ int dhcp(struct ctx *c, struct ethhdr *eh, size_t len)
 	memcpy(eh->h_dest, eh->h_source, ETH_ALEN);
 	memcpy(eh->h_source, c->mac, ETH_ALEN);
 
-	if (tap_send(c->fd_unix, eh, len, 0) < 0)
+	if (tap_send(c, eh, len, 0) < 0)
 		perror("DHCP: send");
 
 	return 1;

dhcpv6.c

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 
 /* PASST - Plug A Simple Socket Transport
+ *  for qemu/UNIX domain socket mode
+ *
+ * PASTA - Pack A Subtle Tap Abstraction
+ *  for network namespace/tap device mode
  *
  * dhcpv6.c - Minimalistic DHCPv6 server for PASST
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2021 Red Hat GmbH
  * Author: Stefano Brivio <[email protected]>
- *
  */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -23,9 +26,9 @@
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <net/if_arp.h>
 
+#include "util.h"
 #include "passt.h"
 #include "tap.h"
-#include "util.h"
 
 /**
  * struct opt_hdr - DHCPv6 option header