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IV. Implementation Details
This section provides an overview of the implementation details for the various components and modules of the Travel Booking System.
The Travel Booking System offers two options for the user interface: a web interface and a desktop interface (optional).
The web interface will be developed using React, a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React will be used for the front-end development, while the back-end will still be implemented using Java.
The React-based web interface will be responsible for:
- Presenting a user-friendly interface for customers to interact with the system.
- Handling user input and form submissions.
- Displaying search results and booking details.
- Integrating with the server-side components through HTTP requests and responses (e.g., using Axios or Fetch API).
React Components
The web interface will be composed of reusable React components, following the principles of component-based architecture. Examples of components include:
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SearchForm: A component for rendering the search form and handling user input. -
SearchResults: A component for displaying the search results (e.g., available flights, hotels, or cars). -
BookingDetails: A component for displaying the details of a selected booking. -
PaymentForm: A component for handling payment information and processing payments.
State Management
Depending on the complexity of the application, a state management solution like Redux or React Context API may be employed to manage the application state and data flow effectively.
Routing
React Router or a similar routing library will be used to handle client-side routing and navigation within the web application.
Integrating with Java Back-end
The React-based front-end will communicate with the Java back-end (Servlets or REST APIs) through HTTP requests and responses. Libraries like Axios or the built-in Fetch API can be used for making these requests.
The Java back-end components (business logic and data access layers) will remain largely unchanged, as they are decoupled from the front-end implementation details.
Build Process
The React application will be built and bundled using tools like Webpack or Rollup. The bundled JavaScript files, along with other static assets (CSS, images), will be served by the Java web server (e.g., Apache Tomcat or Jetty).
Deployment
The deployment process will involve building the React application, bundling the assets, and deploying the bundled files along with the Java back-end components to the web server or hosting environment.
By using React for the web interface, you can leverage its component-based architecture, virtual DOM, and rich ecosystem of libraries and tools. However, it's important to ensure proper integration and communication between the React front-end and the Java back-end components.
As an optional feature, a desktop application interface can be developed using JavaFX or Swing. This interface will provide an alternative to the web interface and may offer additional features or customizations for desktop users.
The business logic layer will be implemented using Java classes and follows Object-Oriented Design principles. It will consist of the following main components:
Entity classes will represent the core business objects, such as Customer, Flight, Hotel, Car, and Booking. These classes will encapsulate the data and behavior specific to each entity.
Service classes will encapsulate the business logic and orchestrate the interactions between different entities. Examples include BookingService, FlightSearchService, and PaymentService.
Utility classes will provide reusable functionality, such as data validation, logging, and error handling.
The data access layer will handle data persistence and retrieval operations. It will be implemented using either JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) or JPA (Java Persistence API).
The database schema will be designed to store and manage application data, such as user information, travel options, bookings, and transactions. Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams and data modeling techniques will be used to ensure data integrity and consistency.
The data access layer will be implemented using either JDBC or JPA. JDBC provides low-level control over database operations, while JPA offers a higher-level abstraction and object-relational mapping capabilities.
Data Access Objects (DAOs) will be created to encapsulate the data access logic and provide a clear separation between the business logic and data access layers.
The Travel Booking System will expose web services and APIs to facilitate communication between the client-side (user interface) and server-side components.
Java Servlets will be used to implement the web service endpoints. These Servlets will handle incoming HTTP requests, process the requests, and generate appropriate responses.
Servlets will handle different types of HTTP requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and extract relevant data from the request parameters or request body.
The response data will be generated in formats such as JSON or XML, depending on the client requirements. Appropriate Java libraries or frameworks will be used for serializing and deserializing data.
The implementation details will also cover aspects such as error handling, input validation, security measures (e.g., authentication, authorization), and logging mechanisms.
Additionally, this section may include code snippets, class diagrams, or sequence diagrams to illustrate the implementation approaches and design decisions.