Flask-DotEnv

Adds support for the .env file to flask style config class for applications.

Version 0.0.3 and above support setting config variables without using os.environ.

Flask-DotEnv will directly set (add, update, map as alias and eval as literal) variables from .env file, and cast them to Python native types as appropriate.

(optional)

• alias() makes alias vars
• eval() evaluate var to literal (via ast)

Repositories

My main repository is on GitLab (.com).

But pull requests on GitHub are also welcome. :-D

• https://gitlab.com/grauwoelfchen/flask-dotenv.git (main)
• https://github.com/grauwoelfchen/flask-dotenv.git

Install

$ pip install Flask-DotEnv

Usage

DotEnv

from flask import Flask
from flask_dotenv import DotEnv

app = Flask(__name__)
env = DotEnv(app)

As a factory pattern.

env = DotEnv()
env.init_app(app)

This env module may be useful in your Config class.

e.g.

class Config:
    SECRET_KEY = ":'("
    ...

    @classmethod
    def init_app(self, app)
        env = DotEnv()
        env.init_app(app)

Then in your app:

from config import Config

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name])

See also:

flask.Config.from_object (Flask's API documentation)

Arguments

You can pass the .env file path as a second argument of init_app().

env.init_app(app, env_file="/path/to/.env", verbose_mode=True)

The second argument (env_file) is optional, and the default is os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '.env').

The third argument (verbose_mode) is also optional, and defaults to False.

If verbose_mode is True, then server outputs nice log message showing which vars will be set,

like this:

* Overwriting an existing config var: SECRET_KEY
* Setting an entirely new config var: DEVELOPMENT_DATABASE_URL
* Casting a denoted var as a literal: MAIL_PORT => <class 'int'>
* Making a specified var as an alias: DEVELOPMENT_DATABASE_URL -> SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
...

Alias

The alias() method takes a dict argument. Each key is the existing config var, while each value is the new alias.

env.alias(maps={
  'TEST_DATABASE_URL': 'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI',
  'TEST_HOST': 'HOST'
})

Here's an example of its use:

class Config:
    SECRET_KEY = ":'("
    ...

    @classmethod
    def init_app(self, app)
        env = DotEnv()
        env.init_app(app)

        # The following will store in `SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI` the value
        # in, for example, `DEVELOPMENT_DATABASE_URL`
        prefix = self.__name__.replace('Config', '').upper()
        env.alias(maps={
            prefix + '_DATABASE_URL': 'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'
        })


class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
    DEBUG = True
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = None


config = {
    'development': DevelopmentConfig
}

Eval

eval() also takes a dict argument. These keys are also the existing config var, while the values are the type they should evaluate to. If the type is something else, the config var is skipped with a log message shown.

env.eval(keys={
  'MAIL_PORT': int,
  'SETTINGS': dict
})

And here's an example of its use:

class Config:
    SECRET_KEY = ":'("
    ...

    @classmethod
    def init_app(self, app)
        env = DotEnv()
        env.init_app(app)

        # `MAIL_PORT` will be set the the integer verson of the value found there
        # using `ast.literal_eval`.
        env.eval(keys={
            MAIL_PORT: int
        })

.env File

The following lines are all valid.

SECRET_KEY="123"
USERNAME=john
DATABASE_URL='postgresql://user:password@localhost/production?sslmode=require'
FEATURES={'DotEnv': True}
# comment and blank lines are also supported

export ENV="production"
export env="staging"

Development

Run the unit tests with:

$ python setup.py test

Link

Inspired by:

• python-dotenv
• django-dotenv

Other packages that also set configuration variables:

• Flask-EnvConfig
• Flask-UserEnvConfig

License

BSD 2-Clause License