chore: turn off autosavepoints by default

google-cloud-spanner/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ConnectionImpl.java

@@ -1921,6 +1921,7 @@ UnitOfWork createNewUnitOfWork(
               .build();
         case READ_WRITE_TRANSACTION:
           return ReadWriteTransaction.newBuilder()
+              .setUsesEmulator(options.usesEmulator())
               .setUseAutoSavepointsForEmulator(options.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator())
               .setDatabaseClient(dbClient)
               .setDelayTransactionStartUntilFirstWrite(delayTransactionStartUntilFirstWrite)

google-cloud-spanner/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ConnectionOptions.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
 import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.google.common.base.Suppliers;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.spanner.v1.ExecuteSqlRequest.QueryOptions;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
@@ -382,6 +383,10 @@ private static String generateGuardedConnectionPropertyError(
                           + "The instance and database in the connection string will automatically be created if these do not yet exist on the emulator. "
                           + "Add dialect=postgresql to the connection string to make sure that the database that is created uses the PostgreSQL dialect.",
                       false),
+                  ConnectionProperty.createBooleanProperty(
+                      "useAutoSavepointsForEmulator",
+                      "Automatically creates savepoints for each statement in a read/write transaction when using the Emulator. This is no longer needed when using Emulator version 1.5.23 or higher.",
+                      false),
                   ConnectionProperty.createBooleanProperty(
                       LENIENT_PROPERTY_NAME,
                       "Silently ignore unknown properties in the connection string/properties (true/false)",
@@ -740,6 +745,7 @@ public static Builder newBuilder() {
   private final boolean returnCommitStats;
   private final Long maxCommitDelay;
   private final boolean autoConfigEmulator;
+  private final boolean useAutoSavepointsForEmulator;
   private final Dialect dialect;
   private final RpcPriority rpcPriority;
   private final DdlInTransactionMode ddlInTransactionMode;
@@ -801,6 +807,7 @@ private ConnectionOptions(Builder builder) {
     this.returnCommitStats = parseReturnCommitStats(this.uri);
     this.maxCommitDelay = parseMaxCommitDelay(this.uri);
     this.autoConfigEmulator = parseAutoConfigEmulator(this.uri);
+    this.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator = parseUseAutoSavepointsForEmulator(this.uri);
     this.dialect = parseDialect(this.uri);
     this.usePlainText = this.autoConfigEmulator || parseUsePlainText(this.uri);
     this.host =
@@ -1170,6 +1177,11 @@ static boolean parseAutoConfigEmulator(String uri) {
     return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
   }
 
+  static boolean parseUseAutoSavepointsForEmulator(String uri) {
+    String value = parseUriProperty(uri, "useAutoSavepointsForEmulator");
+    return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+  }
+
   @VisibleForTesting
   static Dialect parseDialect(String uri) {
     String value = parseUriProperty(uri, DIALECT_PROPERTY_NAME);
@@ -1535,6 +1547,14 @@ public Duration getMaxCommitDelay() {
     return maxCommitDelay == null ? null : Duration.ofMillis(maxCommitDelay);
   }
 
+  boolean usesEmulator() {
+    return Suppliers.memoize(
+            () ->
+                this.autoConfigEmulator
+                    || !Strings.isNullOrEmpty(System.getenv("SPANNER_EMULATOR_HOST")))
+        .get();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Whether connections created by this {@link ConnectionOptions} will automatically try to connect
    * to the emulator using the default host/port of the emulator, and automatically create the
@@ -1548,11 +1568,11 @@ public boolean isAutoConfigEmulator() {
   /**
    * Returns true if a connection should generate auto-savepoints for retrying transactions on the
    * emulator. This allows some more concurrent transactions on the emulator.
+   *
+   * <p>This is no longer needed since version 1.5.23 of the emulator.
    */
   boolean useAutoSavepointsForEmulator() {
-    // For now, this option is directly linked to the option autoConfigEmulator=true, which is the
-    // recommended way to configure the emulator for the Connection API.
-    return autoConfigEmulator;
+    return useAutoSavepointsForEmulator;
   }
 
   public Dialect getDialect() {

google-cloud-spanner/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ReadWriteTransaction.java

@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ class ReadWriteTransaction extends AbstractMultiUseTransaction {
    */
   private static final String AUTO_SAVEPOINT_NAME = "_auto_savepoint";
 
+  private final boolean usesEmulator;
+
   /**
    * Indicates whether an automatic savepoint should be generated after each statement, so the
    * transaction can be manually aborted and retried by the Connection API when connected to the
@@ -191,6 +193,7 @@ public void onSuccess(V result) {
   }
 
   static class Builder extends AbstractMultiUseTransaction.Builder<Builder, ReadWriteTransaction> {
+    private boolean usesEmulator;
     private boolean useAutoSavepointsForEmulator;
     private DatabaseClient dbClient;
     private Boolean retryAbortsInternally;
@@ -203,6 +206,11 @@ static class Builder extends AbstractMultiUseTransaction.Builder<Builder, ReadWr
 
     private Builder() {}
 
+    Builder setUsesEmulator(boolean usesEmulator) {
+      this.usesEmulator = usesEmulator;
+      return this;
+    }
+
     Builder setUseAutoSavepointsForEmulator(boolean useAutoSavepoints) {
       this.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator = useAutoSavepoints;
       return this;
@@ -269,13 +277,13 @@ static Builder newBuilder() {
   private ReadWriteTransaction(Builder builder) {
     super(builder);
     this.transactionId = ID_GENERATOR.incrementAndGet();
-    this.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator =
-        builder.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator && builder.retryAbortsInternally;
+    this.usesEmulator = builder.usesEmulator;
+    this.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator = builder.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator;
     // Use a higher max for internal retries if auto-savepoints have been enabled for the emulator.
     // This can cause a larger number of transactions to be aborted and retried, and retrying on the
     // emulator is fast, so increasing the limit is reasonable.
     this.maxInternalRetries =
-        this.useAutoSavepointsForEmulator
+        builder.usesEmulator && builder.retryAbortsInternally
             ? DEFAULT_MAX_INTERNAL_RETRIES * 10
             : DEFAULT_MAX_INTERNAL_RETRIES;
     this.dbClient = builder.dbClient;
@@ -1076,7 +1084,7 @@ private void handleAborted(AbortedException aborted) {
             Thread.sleep(delay);
           } else if (aborted.isEmulatorOnlySupportsOneTransactionException()) {
             //noinspection BusyWait
-            Thread.sleep(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(50));
+            Thread.sleep(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, 5));
           }
         } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
           Thread.currentThread().interrupt();

google-cloud-spanner/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/it/ITEmulatorConcurrentTransactionsTest.java

@@ -19,20 +19,23 @@
 import static com.google.cloud.spanner.testing.EmulatorSpannerHelper.isUsingEmulator;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.KeySet;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.Mutation;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.ParallelIntegrationTest;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
+import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerExceptionFactory;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.connection.Connection;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.connection.ITAbstractSpannerTest;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
@@ -41,14 +44,24 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
 
 @Category(ParallelIntegrationTest.class)
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class ITEmulatorConcurrentTransactionsTest extends ITAbstractSpannerTest {
+  @Parameters(name = "Use auto-savepoints={0}")
+  public static Object[] parameters() {
+    return new Object[] {Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE};
+  }
+
+  @Parameter public boolean useAutoSavepointsForEmulator;
+
   @Override
   public void appendConnectionUri(StringBuilder uri) {
-    uri.append(";autoConfigEmulator=true;autoCommit=false");
+    uri.append(";autoConfigEmulator=true;autoCommit=false;useAutoSavepointsForEmulator=")
+        .append(useAutoSavepointsForEmulator);
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -118,15 +131,21 @@ public void testSingleThreadRandomTransactions() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultiThreadedRandomTransactions() throws InterruptedException {
+  public void testMultiThreadedRandomTransactions() throws Exception {
     int numThreads = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(10) + 5;
     ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(numThreads);
     AtomicInteger numRowsInserted = new AtomicInteger();
+    List<Future<?>> futures = new ArrayList<>(numThreads);
     for (int thread = 0; thread < numThreads; thread++) {
-      executor.submit(() -> runRandomTransactions(numRowsInserted));
+      futures.add(executor.submit(() -> runRandomTransactions(numRowsInserted)));
     }
     executor.shutdown();
     assertTrue(executor.awaitTermination(60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    // Get the results of each transaction so the test case fails with a logical error message if
+    // any of the transactions failed.
+    for (Future<?> future : futures) {
+      assertNull(future.get());
+    }
     verifyRowCount(numRowsInserted.get());
   }
 
@@ -141,7 +160,7 @@ private void runRandomTransactions(AtomicInteger numRowsInserted) {
       while (!connections.isEmpty()) {
         int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(connections.size());
         Connection connection = connections.get(index);
-        if (ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(10) < 3) {
+        if (ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(10) < 5) {
           connection.commit();
           connection.close();
           assertEquals(connection, connections.remove(index));
@@ -155,6 +174,12 @@ private void runRandomTransactions(AtomicInteger numRowsInserted) {
                       .build()));
           numRowsInserted.incrementAndGet();
         }
+        try {
+          // Make sure to have a small wait between statements.
+          Thread.sleep(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, 5));
+        } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
+          throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(interruptedException);
+        }
       }
     } finally {
       for (Connection connection : connections) {