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Demo Setup of Kubernetes , Prometheus , Kubernetes State Metrics exporter , Alertmanager + lot more

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Vagrant-Kubernetes-Demo

Overview

Repository meant to be testing environment to play around monitoring docker in kubernetes, Please note that example of installation is only for Testing and Playing around tools, and not maent for any Production setup.

Setup

Requirements

  • Download kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz and copy kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz in to current repo directory
  • link to download https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/release/
  • Example wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.13.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

Usage

To get started, perform a git clone on. Make sure you have Vagrant installed, and also VirtualBox.

vagrant up --provider virtualbox

Once vagrant is done provisioning the VMs run vagrant status to confirm all instances are running:

Kubernetes Deployments,Service,Delete.

You can run the kubernetes deployment and service on your cluster by issuing:

  vagrant ssh node1
  kubectl run hello-world --replicas=5 --labels="run=load-balancer-example" --image=docker.io/redis:latest
  kubectl get deployments hello-world
  kubectl describe deployments hello-world
  kubectl expose deployment hello-world --type=LoadBalancer --name=my-service
  kubectl get services my-service
  kubectl describe services my-service

  for pros
  kubectl get pods --output=wide

  Clean Up
  kubectl delete services my-service
  kubectl delete deployment hello-world

Kubernetes RollingUpdat,RollingRollback

kubectl rollout status deployment/$DEPLOYMENT

Read the deployment history

kubectl rollout history deployment/$DEPLOYMENT
kubectl rollout history deployment/$DEPLOYMENT --revision 42

Rollback to the previous deployed version

kubectl rollout undo deployment/$DEPLOYMENT

Rollback to a specific previously deployed version

kubectl rollout undo deployment/$DEPLOYMENT --to-revision 21

Kubernetes Secrets

kubectl create secret docker-registry dockerhub --docker-server=<your-registry-server> --docker-username=<your-name> --docker-password=<your-pword> --docker-email=<your-email>

!Note: use --docker-server=https://index.docker.io/v1/ for Hub.Docker.com

kubectl get secret dockerhub --output=yaml

in K8S config

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: foo
spec:
  containers:
    - name: whatever
      image: index.docker.io/DOCKER_USER/PRIVATE_REPO_NAME:latest
      imagePullPolicy: Always
      command: [ "echo", "SUCCESS" ]
  imagePullSecrets:
    - name: docker-registry

When you're done, you can shut down the cluster using

vagrant destroy -f

If you want to change any of the configuration/scripts run

vagrant provision

Docker Build

docker build -t dockerip:latest .
docker login --username=gangsta
docker tag dockerip:latest gangsta/dockerip:latest
docker push gangsta/dockerip:latest

Docker Cleanup

docker rmi -f  $(docker images -a -q)
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

Install Prometheus

  • Prometheus Server

    For this example we will take prometheus vagrant machine To Use it do vagrant ssh prometheus

"As ROOT User"

yum install wget -y
useradd -m -s /bin/bash prometheus
su - prometheus

"As Prometheus User"

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.7.1/prometheus-2.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf prometheus-2.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
mv prometheus-2.7.1.linux-amd64/ /home/prometheus/prometheus/
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /home/prometheus/prometheus/

"As ROOT User"

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
Restart=on-failure

#Change this line if you download the 
#Prometheus on different path user
ExecStart=/home/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus \
  --config.file=/home/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --storage.tsdb.path=/home/prometheus/prometheus/data

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl enable prometheus
systemctl status prometheus -l

ss -putan | grep 9090
'Should be output'
"tcp    LISTEN     0      128      :::9090                 :::*                   users:(("prometheus",pid=7207,fd=6))"

systemctl start firewalld
firewall-cmd --add-port=9090/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

  • Install Node Exporter

    For this example we will take node1 vagrant machine To Use it do vagrant ssh node1

"As ROOT User"

useradd -m -s /bin/bash prometheus  #feel free to change name
su - prometheus

"As Prometheus User"

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.16.0/node_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf node_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
mv node_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64 node_exporter

"As ROOT User"

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/home/prometheus/node_exporter/node_exporter

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl enable node_exporter
systemctl status node_exporter -l

ss -putan | grep 9100
"tcp    LISTEN     0      128      :::9100                 :::*                   users:(("node_exporter",pid=30041,fd=3))"

firewall-cmd --add-port=9100/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

  • Add node to Prometheus

    Go back to Prometheus Server If you follow Readme example do vagrant ssh prometheus

su - prometheus
vi prometheus/prometheus.yml

  - job_name: 'node_exporter'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 172.17.8.101:9100
        - 172.17.8.102:9100

# 172.17.8.101:9100 Ip comes from node kube-node1 , in your case can be other

systemctl restart prometheus

Install Alertmanager

  • Install Alertmanager

    Go back to Prometheus Server If you follow Readme example do vagrant ssh prometheus

"Adding Alertmanager to Prometheus"

su - prometheus
vi prometheus/prometheus.yml
alerting:
  alert_relabel_configs: []
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - localhost:9093

systemctl restart prometheus


useradd -m -s /bin/bash alertmanager
mkdir /etc/alertmanager
mkdir /etc/alertmanager/template
mkdir -p /var/lib/alertmanager/data
touch /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
chown -R alertmanager:alertmanager /etc/alertmanager
chown -R alertmanager:alertmanager /var/lib/alertmanager

wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.15.2/alertmanager-0.15.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvzf alertmanager-0.15.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp alertmanager-0.15.2.linux-amd64/alertmanager /usr/local/bin/
cp alertmanager-0.15.2.linux-amd64/amtool /usr/local/bin/
chown alertmanager:alertmanager /usr/local/bin/alertmanager
chown alertmanager:alertmanager /usr/local/bin/amtool

vi /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

---
# {{ ansible_managed }}
global:
  smtp_smarthost: localhost:25
  smtp_from: alertmanager@localhost
templates:
- "/etc/alertmanager/*.tmpl"
route:
  group_by:
  - alertname
  - cluster
  - service
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 3h
  receiver: slack
receivers:
- name: slack
  slack_configs:
  - api_url: SlackURL
    channel: "#prometheus"
    send_resolved: true
    username: prometheus
    pretext: "Some stuff"
    text: "Some text"
inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
    severity: critical
  target_match:
    severity: warning
  equal:
  - alertname
  - cluster
  - service

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Alertmanager Service
Wants=network-online.target
After=network.target

[Service]
User=alertmanager
Group=alertmanager
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/alertmanager \
    --config.file /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
    --storage.path /var/lib/alertmanager/data
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable alertmanager
systemctl start alertmanager

Adding Alerts

su - prometheus
vi prometheus/prometheus.yml

rule_files:                    
  - "/home/prometheus/prometheus/alert.rules"

cat >> /home/prometheus/prometheus/alert.rules <<EOF
---
# Ansible managed
groups:
- name: alert.rules
  rules:
  - alert: Instance Down
    expr: up == 0
    for: 15s
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down
      description: Instance {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 15 seconds.
  - alert: Kube Metrics Container Down
    expr: kube_pod_container_status_running{job='KubeStateMetrics'} == 0
    for: 15s
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: Container{{ $labels.instance }} down
      description: Container {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 15 seconds.
  - alert: Container Down
    expr: kube_pod_container_status_running{job!='KubeStateMetrics'} == 0
    for: 15s
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: Container{{ $labels.instance }} down
      description: Container {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 15 seconds.
  - alert: Container Down by Cadvisor
    expr: container_memory_usage_bytes{container_label_io_kubernetes_container_name="gangsta"} > 62914560
    for: 15s
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: Container {{ $labels.instance }} down
      description: Container {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 15 seconds.
EOF


systemctl restart prometheus

Add Kube-State-Metrics to Prometheus

su - prometheus
vi prometheus/prometheus.yml

  - job_name: KubeStateMetrics
    scrape_interval: 5s
    scrape_timeout:  5s
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 172.17.8.101:30036
      - 172.17.8.102:30036

  - job_name: KubeCadvisor
    scrape_interval: 5s
    scrape_timeout:  5s
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 172.17.8.101:30039
      - 172.17.8.102:30039



systemctl restart prometheus

Deploy Kube State Metrics to Kubernetes

"Expose"

git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/kube-state-metrics.git

kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics/kubernetes/
# kubectl expose deployment kube-state-metrics  --type=LoadBalancer --name=my-service -n kube-system

cat >> my-service.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  namespace: kube-system
  labels: 
    k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
    nodePort: 30036
    protocol: TCP
  - name: http
    port: 8081
    targetPort: 8081
    nodePort: 30037
    protocol: TCP
EOF

kubectl apply -f my-service.yaml

Deploy some Container

cat >> gangsta.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash

GEN=$(openssl rand -hex 7)

kubectl get deployments | grep gangsta
if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
        echo "apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: gangsta
spec:
  replicas: 5
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: gangsta
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: gangsta
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        image: gangsta/dockerip:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        env:
        - name: Changing_Hash_for_Kubernetes_Deployment
          value: ${GEN}" > gangsta.yaml
        kubectl apply -f gangsta.yaml
else
        echo "apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: gangsta
spec:
  replicas: 5
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: gangsta
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: gangsta
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        image: gangsta/dockerip:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80" > gangsta.yaml
        kubectl create -f gangsta.yaml
fi
EOF

kubectl delete pod $(kubectl get pods -o wide --all-namespaces | grep gangsta | awk '{print $2}')

Install Kubernetes

"MASTER"

setenforce 0
sed -i --follow-symlinks 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo


yum install kubelet kubeadm kubectl docker-ce -y


sed -i 's/cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs/g' /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl start docker
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl enable docker
systemctl enable kubelet
echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
swapoff -a
# get images before kubeadm init kubeadm config images pull
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.60 --pod-network-cidr=10.254.0.0/16

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

"NODE"
setenforce 0
sed -i --follow-symlinks 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo


yum install kubeadm docker-ce -y


sed -i 's/cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs/g' /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl start docker
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl enable docker
systemctl enable kubelet
echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
swapoff -a

kubeadm join 192.168.10.60:6443 --token cgecmm.clg29hllp7ji12pd --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d73aedc93dd7cb383d484abefd9b959eebbb95c736118996c59aec8d9739dd0b

# wait 1 Minute

Prometheus search

kubectl exec -it hello-world-7cfd84d479-vxz5m -- /bin/bash


container_memory_usage_bytes{container_label_io_kubernetes_container_name="hello-world"}

run in containers

swapoff -a
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/fill bs=1k count=1024k
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/fill bs=1k count=1024k
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/fill bs=1k count=1024k
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/fill bs=1k count=1024k
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/fill bs=1k count=1024k



container_memory_usage_bytes{container_label_io_kubernetes_container_name="hello-world"} > 62914560

62914560 = 60MB

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Demo Setup of Kubernetes , Prometheus , Kubernetes State Metrics exporter , Alertmanager + lot more

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