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core: implement EIP-7623 increase calldata cost #30946

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merged 3 commits into from
Jan 30, 2025
Merged

core: implement EIP-7623 increase calldata cost #30946

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965f2bf
core: implement eip-7623
MariusVanDerWijden Feb 20, 2024
3ff6bad
t9n: refactor instrinsic and floordatagas checks
lightclient Jan 29, 2025
a5f8135
params: rename 7623 protocol constants to have Tx prefix
lightclient Jan 29, 2025
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26 changes: 20 additions & 6 deletions cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -133,15 +133,29 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
r.Address = sender
}
// Check intrinsic gas
if gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(), tx.To() == nil,
chainConfig.IsHomestead(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsIstanbul(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsShanghai(new(big.Int), 0)); err != nil {
rules := chainConfig.Rules(common.Big0, true, 0)
gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(), tx.To() == nil, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
if err != nil {
r.Error = err
results = append(results, r)
continue
} else {
r.IntrinsicGas = gas
if tx.Gas() < gas {
r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), gas)
}
r.IntrinsicGas = gas
if tx.Gas() < gas {
r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), gas)
results = append(results, r)
continue
}
// For Prague txs, validate the floor data gas.
if rules.IsPrague {
floorDataGas, err := core.FloorDataGas(tx.Data())
if err != nil {
r.Error = err
results = append(results, r)
continue
}
if tx.Gas() < floorDataGas {
r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrFloorDataGas, tx.Gas(), floorDataGas)
results = append(results, r)
continue
}
Expand Down
4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions core/error.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ var (
// than required to start the invocation.
ErrIntrinsicGas = errors.New("intrinsic gas too low")

// ErrFloorDataGas is returned if the transaction is specified to use less gas
// than required for the data floor cost.
ErrFloorDataGas = errors.New("insufficient gas for floor data gas cost")

// ErrTxTypeNotSupported is returned if a transaction is not supported in the
// current network configuration.
ErrTxTypeNotSupported = types.ErrTxTypeNotSupported
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions core/state_processor_test.go
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Expand Up @@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {
},
{ // ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 500000, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 520000, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd491405f06c92d118dd3208376fcee18a57c54bc52063ee4a26b1cf296857c25]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x3a30404d42d6ccc843d7c391fd0c87b9b9795a0c174261b46d2ac95ca17b81cd]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
},
{ // ErrIntrinsicGas: Not enough gas to cover init code
txs: []*types.Transaction{
Expand Down
82 changes: 59 additions & 23 deletions core/state_transition.go
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Expand Up @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
package core

import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"math"
"math/big"
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -79,12 +80,9 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
// Bump the required gas by the amount of transactional data
if dataLen > 0 {
// Zero and non-zero bytes are priced differently
var nz uint64
for _, byt := range data {
if byt != 0 {
nz++
}
}
z := uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
rjl493456442 marked this conversation as resolved.
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nz := dataLen - z

// Make sure we don't exceed uint64 for all data combinations
nonZeroGas := params.TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier
if isEIP2028 {
Expand All @@ -95,7 +93,6 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
}
gas += nz * nonZeroGas

z := dataLen - nz
if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.TxDataZeroGas < z {
return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
}
Expand All @@ -119,6 +116,21 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
return gas, nil
}

// FloorDataGas computes the minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
func FloorDataGas(data []byte) (uint64, error) {
var (
z = uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
nz = uint64(len(data)) - z
tokens = nz*params.TxTokenPerNonZeroByte + z
)
// Check for overflow
if (math.MaxUint64-params.TxGas)/params.TxCostFloorPerToken < tokens {
return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
}
// Minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
return params.TxGas + tokens*params.TxCostFloorPerToken, nil
}

// toWordSize returns the ceiled word size required for init code payment calculation.
func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
if size > math.MaxUint64-31 {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -414,6 +426,7 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
sender = vm.AccountRef(msg.From)
rules = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber, st.evm.Context.Random != nil, st.evm.Context.Time)
contractCreation = msg.To == nil
floorDataGas uint64
)

// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
Expand All @@ -424,6 +437,16 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
if st.gasRemaining < gas {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gasRemaining, gas)
}
// Gas limit suffices for the floor data cost (EIP-7623)
if rules.IsPrague {
floorDataGas, err = FloorDataGas(msg.Data)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if msg.GasLimit < floorDataGas {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrFloorDataGas, msg.GasLimit, floorDataGas)
}
}
if t := st.evm.Config.Tracer; t != nil && t.OnGasChange != nil {
t.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining-gas, tracing.GasChangeTxIntrinsicGas)
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -487,14 +510,21 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
ret, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, value)
}

var gasRefund uint64
if !rules.IsLondon {
// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
gasRefund = st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotient)
} else {
// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
gasRefund = st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
// Compute refund counter, capped to a refund quotient.
gasRefund := st.calcRefund()
st.gasRemaining += gasRefund
if rules.IsPrague {
// After EIP-7623: Data-heavy transactions pay the floor gas.
if st.gasUsed() < floorDataGas {
prev := st.gasRemaining
st.gasRemaining = st.initialGas - floorDataGas
if t := st.evm.Config.Tracer; t != nil && t.OnGasChange != nil {
t.OnGasChange(prev, st.gasRemaining, tracing.GasChangeTxDataFloor)
}
}
}
st.returnGas()

effectiveTip := msg.GasPrice
if rules.IsLondon {
effectiveTip = new(big.Int).Sub(msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -585,20 +615,28 @@ func (st *stateTransition) applyAuthorization(msg *Message, auth *types.SetCodeA
return nil
}

func (st *stateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) uint64 {
// Apply refund counter, capped to a refund quotient
refund := st.gasUsed() / refundQuotient
// calcRefund computes refund counter, capped to a refund quotient.
func (st *stateTransition) calcRefund() uint64 {
var refund uint64
if !st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
refund = st.gasUsed() / params.RefundQuotient
} else {
// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
refund = st.gasUsed() / params.RefundQuotientEIP3529
}
if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
refund = st.state.GetRefund()
}

if st.evm.Config.Tracer != nil && st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil && refund > 0 {
st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining+refund, tracing.GasChangeTxRefunds)
}
return refund
}

st.gasRemaining += refund

// Return ETH for remaining gas, exchanged at the original rate.
// returnGas returns ETH for remaining gas,
// exchanged at the original rate.
func (st *stateTransition) returnGas() {
remaining := uint256.NewInt(st.gasRemaining)
remaining.Mul(remaining, uint256.MustFromBig(st.msg.GasPrice))
st.state.AddBalance(st.msg.From, remaining, tracing.BalanceIncreaseGasReturn)
Expand All @@ -610,8 +648,6 @@ func (st *stateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) uint64 {
// Also return remaining gas to the block gas counter so it is
// available for the next transaction.
st.gp.AddGas(st.gasRemaining)

return refund
}

// gasUsed returns the amount of gas used up by the state transition.
Expand Down
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions core/tracing/hooks.go
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Expand Up @@ -314,6 +314,9 @@ const (
GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk GasChangeReason = 17
// GasChangeWitnessContractCollisionCheck flags the event of adding to the witness when checking for contract address collision.
GasChangeWitnessContractCollisionCheck GasChangeReason = 18
// GasChangeTxDataFloor is the amount of extra gas the transaction has to pay to reach the minimum gas requirement for the
// transaction data. This change will always be a negative change.
GasChangeTxDataFloor GasChangeReason = 19

// GasChangeIgnored is a special value that can be used to indicate that the gas change should be ignored as
// it will be "manually" tracked by a direct emit of the gas change event.
Expand Down
10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions core/txpool/validation.go
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Expand Up @@ -115,6 +115,16 @@ func ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, head *types.Header, signer types
if tx.Gas() < intrGas {
return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas %v, minimum needed %v", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), intrGas)
}
// Ensure the transaction can cover floor data gas.
if opts.Config.IsPrague(head.Number, head.Time) {
floorDataGas, err := core.FloorDataGas(tx.Data())
if err != nil {
return err
}
if tx.Gas() < floorDataGas {
return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas %v, minimum needed %v", core.ErrFloorDataGas, tx.Gas(), floorDataGas)
}
}
// Ensure the gasprice is high enough to cover the requirement of the calling pool
if tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(opts.MinTip) < 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas tip cap %v, minimum needed %v", ErrUnderpriced, tx.GasTipCap(), opts.MinTip)
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion core/verkle_witness_test.go
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Expand Up @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* SSTORE in constructor */
params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash for tx creation */
15*(params.WitnessChunkReadCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost) + /* code chunks #0..#14 */
4844 /* execution costs */
uint64(4844) /* execution costs */
blockGasUsagesExpected := []uint64{
txCost1*2 + txCost2,
txCost1*2 + txCost2 + contractCreationCost + codeWithExtCodeCopyGas,
Expand Down
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getBlockReceipts-block-with-blob-tx.json
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Expand Up @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
{
"blobGasPrice": "0x1",
"blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
"blockHash": "0x17124e31fb075a301b1d7d4135683b0a09fe4e6d453c54e2e734d5ee00744a49",
"blockHash": "0x5f58514bcb3b216908f0aff6ced44666c3aa250df06093150ac850a7a7850f3c",
"blockNumber": "0x6",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b09d63b",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b0a08c4",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": "0x0d3ab14bbad3d99f4203bd7a11acb94882050e7e",
"transactionHash": "0xb51ee3d2a89ba5d5623c73133c8d7a6ba9fb41194c17f4302c21b30994a1180f",
"transactionHash": "0x80348f994fb5f3b05bd2e5f58bbdc73485e449c028612a2c0680f9ac6ff70add",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x3"
}
]
]
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getBlockReceipts-block-with-dynamic-fee-tx.json
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@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
[
{
"blockHash": "0x102e50de30318ee99a03a09db74387e79cad3165bf6840cc84249806a2a302f3",
"blockHash": "0x47cd44027bb55856a175e36be0396bad221e52172529d9c1bf12bf5424a041ae",
"blockNumber": "0x4",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x538d",
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5564",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x2325c42f",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x538d",
"gasUsed": "0x5564",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x0",
Expand All @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x2"
}
]
]
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getBlockReceipts-tag-latest.json
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Expand Up @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
{
"blobGasPrice": "0x1",
"blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
"blockHash": "0x17124e31fb075a301b1d7d4135683b0a09fe4e6d453c54e2e734d5ee00744a49",
"blockHash": "0x5f58514bcb3b216908f0aff6ced44666c3aa250df06093150ac850a7a7850f3c",
"blockNumber": "0x6",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b09d63b",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b0a08c4",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": "0x0d3ab14bbad3d99f4203bd7a11acb94882050e7e",
"transactionHash": "0xb51ee3d2a89ba5d5623c73133c8d7a6ba9fb41194c17f4302c21b30994a1180f",
"transactionHash": "0x80348f994fb5f3b05bd2e5f58bbdc73485e449c028612a2c0680f9ac6ff70add",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x3"
}
]
]
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getTransactionReceipt-blob-tx.json
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@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
{
"blobGasPrice": "0x1",
"blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
"blockHash": "0x17124e31fb075a301b1d7d4135683b0a09fe4e6d453c54e2e734d5ee00744a49",
"blockHash": "0x5f58514bcb3b216908f0aff6ced44666c3aa250df06093150ac850a7a7850f3c",
"blockNumber": "0x6",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b09d63b",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b0a08c4",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": "0x0d3ab14bbad3d99f4203bd7a11acb94882050e7e",
"transactionHash": "0xb51ee3d2a89ba5d5623c73133c8d7a6ba9fb41194c17f4302c21b30994a1180f",
"transactionHash": "0x80348f994fb5f3b05bd2e5f58bbdc73485e449c028612a2c0680f9ac6ff70add",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x3"
}
}
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getTransactionReceipt-create-contract-with-access-list.json
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@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
{
"blockHash": "0x53bffe54375c0a31fe7bc0db7455db7d48278234c2400efa4d40d1c57cbe868d",
"blockHash": "0x5bff93f8f94ba7ee52bef1a80062b9fed22c6d1eebb2b0e87a4a003365a7bd66",
"blockNumber": "0x5",
"contractAddress": "0xfdaa97661a584d977b4d3abb5370766ff5b86a18",
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0xe01c",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1ecb3fb4",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1ecb7942",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0xe01c",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": null,
"transactionHash": "0xb5a1148819cfdfff9bfe70035524fec940eb735d89b76960b97751d01ae2a9f2",
"transactionHash": "0x173dffc76966c72542560c376ce512a871e31b86988f9169bf021da0937640f9",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x1"
}
}
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getTransactionReceipt-dynamic-tx-with-logs.json
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@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
{
"blockHash": "0x102e50de30318ee99a03a09db74387e79cad3165bf6840cc84249806a2a302f3",
"blockHash": "0x47cd44027bb55856a175e36be0396bad221e52172529d9c1bf12bf5424a041ae",
"blockNumber": "0x4",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x538d",
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5564",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x2325c42f",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x538d",
"gasUsed": "0x5564",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x0",
"to": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000031ec7",
"transactionHash": "0xdcde2574628c9d7dff22b9afa19f235959a924ceec65a9df903a517ae91f5c84",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x2"
}
}
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions params/protocol_params.go
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Expand Up @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ const (

TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier uint64 = 68 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that is not equal to zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxDataNonZeroGasEIP2028 uint64 = 16 // Per byte of non zero data attached to a transaction after EIP 2028 (part in Istanbul)
TxTokenPerNonZeroByte uint64 = 4 // Token cost per non-zero byte as specified by EIP-7623.
TxCostFloorPerToken uint64 = 10 // Cost floor per byte of data as specified by EIP-7623.
TxAccessListAddressGas uint64 = 2400 // Per address specified in EIP 2930 access list
TxAccessListStorageKeyGas uint64 = 1900 // Per storage key specified in EIP 2930 access list
TxAuthTupleGas uint64 = 12500 // Per auth tuple code specified in EIP-7702
Expand Down