Add retries when downloading GraalVM components

[hubertp]

A fresh copy of GraalVM installs all the required components from ttps://www.graalvm.org/component-catalog.
There have been occasions when network can drop or the endpoint return some invalid message, resulting in a broken engine initialization and backend won't start. Successive runs would succeed making the reproduction steps rather cryptic:

[trace] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.582Z] [org.enso.runtimeversionmanager.components.GraalVMComponentUpdater] /home/hubert/.local/share/enso/tmp/runtime-22.3.1-java17-867911184/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.1/bin/gu { exists=true, executable=true }
[debug] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.582Z] [org.enso.runtimeversionmanager.components.GraalVMComponentUpdater] Executing: JAVA_HOME=/home/hubert/.local/share/enso/tmp/runtime-22.3.1-java17-867911184/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.1 GRRAALVM_HOME=/home/hubert/.local/share/enso/tmp/runtime-22.3.1-java17-867911184/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.1 /home/hubert/.local/share/enso/tmp/runtime-22.3.1-java17-867911184/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.1/bin/gu install js R python
[trace] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.594Z] [org.enso.runtimeversionmanager.components.GraalVMComponentUpdater] [stderr] Error: Error downloading component catalog from https://www.graalvm.org/component-catalog/v2/graal-updater-component-catalog-java17.properties: www.graalvm.org. 
[trace] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.594Z] [org.enso.runtimeversionmanager.components.GraalVMComponentUpdater] [stderr] Please check your connection and proxy settings. If your machine is behind a proxy, you must set your environment variables (http_proxy, https_proxy, ...) appropriately.
[error] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.748Z] [org.enso.projectmanager.requesthandler.ProjectOpenHandler] Request ProjectOpen with Number(2) failed due to ComponentInstallationFailure(fatal: Cannot install the required runtime components.).
[debug] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.75Z] [org.enso.projectmanager.requesthandler.ProjectOpenHandler] stopped
[trace] [2023-05-25T07:54:17.75Z] [org.enso.jsonrpc.JsonRpcServer] Sent text message {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"error":{"code":4023,"message":"fatal: Cannot install the required runtime components."}}.

The action is currently attempted only once, without any retries. We need a few retries with exponential backoff to deal with random issues that can happen on the way.

[enso-bot]

Hubert Plociniczak reports a new STANDUP for yesterday (2023-06-19):

Progress: Adding retries to updater. Investigating problems with running benchmarks in SBT for non-runtime project; will need a separate ticket as it doesn't seem to be trivial. Reviewing reported issues, various discussions. It should be finished by 2023-06-20.

Next Day: Next day I will be working on the #6880 task. Put up PR with the fix. Pick up next ticket.