refactor(container)!: remove dependency on C graphviz (#11934)

## Description

Closes: #11925 

This replace the dependency on https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goccy/go-graphviz which wraps the whole C Graphviz library and is causing ARM build problems in #11924 and generally probably shouldn't be used because it's a heavyweight dependency just used for debugging.

It adds:
* a custom `graphviz` package that does just what we need for `container`
* updates to graphviz rendering to make it nicer and a README with some examples
* golden tests for graphviz and log debugging
* a `StderrLogger` `DebugOption` which is now the default for `Debug`/`AutoDebug`



---

### Author Checklist

*All items are required. Please add a note to the item if the item is not applicable and
please add links to any relevant follow up issues.*

I have...

- [ ] included the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] added `!` to the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] targeted the correct branch (see [PR Targeting](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-targeting))
- [ ] provided a link to the relevant issue or specification
- [ ] followed the guidelines for [building modules](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/docs/building-modules)
- [ ] included the necessary unit and integration [tests](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#testing)
- [ ] added a changelog entry to `CHANGELOG.md`
- [ ] included comments for [documenting Go code](https://blog.golang.org/godoc)
- [ ] updated the relevant documentation or specification
- [ ] reviewed "Files changed" and left comments if necessary
- [ ] confirmed all CI checks have passed

### Reviewers Checklist

*All items are required. Please add a note if the item is not applicable and please add
your handle next to the items reviewed if you only reviewed selected items.*

I have...

- [ ] confirmed the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] confirmed `!` in the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] confirmed all author checklist items have been addressed 
- [ ] reviewed state machine logic
- [ ] reviewed API design and naming
- [ ] reviewed documentation is accurate
- [ ] reviewed tests and test coverage
- [ ] manually tested (if applicable)

container/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+update-testdata-examples:
+	go test . -test.update-golden
+	dot -Tsvg testdata/example.dot > testdata/example.svg
+	dot -Tsvg testdata/example_error.dot > testdata/example_error.svg

container/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Cosmos SDK Dependency Injection `container` Module
+
+## Overview
+
+TODO
+
+## Usage
+
+TODO
+
+## Debugging
+
+Issues with resolving dependencies in the container can be done with logs
+and [Graphviz](https://graphviz.org) renderings of the container tree. By default, whenever there is an error, logs will
+be printed to stderr and a rendering of the dependency graph in Graphviz DOT format will be saved to
+`debug_container.dot`.
+
+Here is an example Graphviz rendering of a successful build of a dependency graph:
+![Graphviz Example](./testdata/example.svg)
+
+Rectangles represent functions, ovals represent types, rounded rectangles represent modules and the single hexagon
+represents the function which called `Build`. Black-colored shapes mark functions and types that were called/resolved
+without an error. Gray-colored nodes mark functions and types that could have been called/resolved in the container but
+were left unused.
+
+Here is an example Graphviz rendering of a dependency graph build which failed:
+![Graphviz Error Example](./testdata/example_error.svg)
+
+Graphviz DOT files can be converted into SVG's for viewing in a web browser using the `dot` command-line tool, ex:
+```
+> dot -Tsvg debug_container.dot > debug_container.svg
+```
+
+Many other tools including some IDEs support working with DOT files.

container/build.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func build(loc Location, debugOpt DebugOption, option Option, outputs ...interfa
 
 	err = doBuild(cfg, loc, debugOpt, option, outputs...)
 	if err != nil {
+		cfg.logf("Error: %v", err)
 		if cfg.onError != nil {
 			err2 := cfg.onError.applyConfig(cfg)
 			if err2 != nil {

container/container.go

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 
-	"github.com/goccy/go-graphviz/cgraph"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/container/internal/graphviz"
 )
 
 type container struct {
@@ -38,10 +39,8 @@ func newContainer(cfg *debugConfig) *container {
 
 func (c *container) call(provider *ProviderDescriptor, moduleKey *moduleKey) ([]reflect.Value, error) {
 	loc := provider.Location
-	graphNode, err := c.locationGraphNode(loc, moduleKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	graphNode := c.locationGraphNode(loc, moduleKey)
+
 	markGraphNodeAsFailed(graphNode)
 
 	if c.callerMap[loc] {
@@ -87,17 +86,13 @@ func (c *container) getResolver(typ reflect.Type) (resolver, error) {
 		elemType = elemType.Elem()
 	}
 
-	var typeGraphNode *cgraph.Node
-	var err error
+	var typeGraphNode *graphviz.Node
 
 	if isAutoGroupType(elemType) {
 		c.logf("Registering resolver for auto-group type %v", elemType)
 		sliceType := reflect.SliceOf(elemType)
 
-		typeGraphNode, err = c.typeGraphNode(sliceType)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		typeGraphNode = c.typeGraphNode(sliceType)
 		typeGraphNode.SetComment("auto-group")
 
 		r := &groupResolver{
@@ -112,10 +107,7 @@ func (c *container) getResolver(typ reflect.Type) (resolver, error) {
 		c.logf("Registering resolver for one-per-module type %v", elemType)
 		mapType := reflect.MapOf(stringType, elemType)
 
-		typeGraphNode, err = c.typeGraphNode(mapType)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		typeGraphNode = c.typeGraphNode(mapType)
 		typeGraphNode.SetComment("one-per-module")
 
 		r := &onePerModuleResolver{
@@ -136,11 +128,7 @@ func (c *container) getResolver(typ reflect.Type) (resolver, error) {
 var stringType = reflect.TypeOf("")
 
 func (c *container) addNode(provider *ProviderDescriptor, key *moduleKey) (interface{}, error) {
-	providerGraphNode, err := c.locationGraphNode(provider.Location, key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
+	providerGraphNode := c.locationGraphNode(provider.Location, key)
 	hasModuleKeyParam := false
 	hasOwnModuleKeyParam := false
 	for _, in := range provider.Inputs {
@@ -164,11 +152,11 @@ func (c *container) addNode(provider *ProviderDescriptor, key *moduleKey) (inter
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
-		var typeGraphNode *cgraph.Node
+		var typeGraphNode *graphviz.Node
 		if vr != nil {
 			typeGraphNode = vr.typeGraphNode()
 		} else {
-			typeGraphNode, err = c.typeGraphNode(typ)
+			typeGraphNode = c.typeGraphNode(typ)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -215,11 +203,7 @@ func (c *container) addNode(provider *ProviderDescriptor, key *moduleKey) (inter
 			} else {
 				c.logf("Registering resolver for simple type %v", typ)
 
-				typeGraphNode, err := c.typeGraphNode(typ)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-
+				typeGraphNode := c.typeGraphNode(typ)
 				vr = &simpleResolver{
 					node:        sp,
 					typ:         typ,
@@ -260,11 +244,7 @@ func (c *container) addNode(provider *ProviderDescriptor, key *moduleKey) (inter
 					typ, provider.Location, existing.describeLocation())
 			}
 
-			typeGraphNode, err := c.typeGraphNode(typ)
-			if err != nil {
-				return reflect.Value{}, err
-			}
-
+			typeGraphNode := c.typeGraphNode(typ)
 			c.resolvers[typ] = &moduleDepResolver{
 				typ:         typ,
 				idxInValues: i,
@@ -282,17 +262,9 @@ func (c *container) addNode(provider *ProviderDescriptor, key *moduleKey) (inter
 
 func (c *container) supply(value reflect.Value, location Location) error {
 	typ := value.Type()
-	locGrapNode, err := c.locationGraphNode(location, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	locGrapNode := c.locationGraphNode(location, nil)
 	markGraphNodeAsUsed(locGrapNode)
-
-	typeGraphNode, err := c.typeGraphNode(typ)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+	typeGraphNode := c.typeGraphNode(typ)
 	c.addGraphEdge(locGrapNode, typeGraphNode)
 
 	if existing, ok := c.resolvers[typ]; ok {
@@ -312,10 +284,7 @@ func (c *container) supply(value reflect.Value, location Location) error {
 func (c *container) resolve(in ProviderInput, moduleKey *moduleKey, caller Location) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	c.resolveStack = append(c.resolveStack, resolveFrame{loc: caller, typ: in.Type})
 
-	typeGraphNode, err := c.typeGraphNode(in.Type)
-	if err != nil {
-		return reflect.Value{}, err
-	}
+	typeGraphNode := c.typeGraphNode(in.Type)
 
 	if in.Type == moduleKeyType {
 		if moduleKey == nil {
@@ -392,6 +361,8 @@ func (c *container) build(loc Location, outputs ...interface{}) error {
 		},
 		Location: loc,
 	}
+	callerGraphNode := c.locationGraphNode(loc, nil)
+	callerGraphNode.SetShape("hexagon")
 
 	desc, err := expandStructArgsProvider(desc)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -443,10 +414,13 @@ func (c container) formatResolveStack() string {
 	return buf.String()
 }
 
-func markGraphNodeAsUsed(node *cgraph.Node) {
+func markGraphNodeAsUsed(node *graphviz.Node) {
 	node.SetColor("black")
+	node.SetPenWidth("1.5")
+	node.SetFontColor("black")
 }
 
-func markGraphNodeAsFailed(node *cgraph.Node) {
+func markGraphNodeAsFailed(node *graphviz.Node) {
 	node.SetColor("red")
+	node.SetFontColor("red")
 }

container/container_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
 
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/container"
 )
@@ -81,6 +82,13 @@ func (ModuleB) Provide(dependencies BDependencies) (BProvides, Handler, error) {
 	}, Handler{}, nil
 }
 
+var scenarioConfig = container.Options(
+	container.Provide(ProvideMsgClientA),
+	container.ProvideInModule("runtime", ProvideKVStoreKey),
+	container.ProvideInModule("a", wrapMethod0(ModuleA{})),
+	container.ProvideInModule("b", wrapMethod0(ModuleB{})),
+)
+
 func TestScenario(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		handlers map[string]Handler
@@ -90,12 +98,7 @@ func TestScenario(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	require.NoError(t,
 		container.Build(
-			container.Options(
-				container.Provide(ProvideMsgClientA),
-				container.ProvideInModule("runtime", ProvideKVStoreKey),
-				container.ProvideInModule("a", wrapMethod0(ModuleA{})),
-				container.ProvideInModule("b", wrapMethod0(ModuleB{})),
-			),
+			scenarioConfig,
 			&handlers,
 			&commands,
 			&a,
@@ -539,7 +542,7 @@ func TestStructArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	))
 }
 
-func TestLogging(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDebugOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	var logOut string
 	var dotGraph string
 
@@ -563,7 +566,7 @@ func TestLogging(t *testing.T) {
 				dotGraph = g
 			}),
 			container.LogVisualizer(),
-			container.FileVisualizer(graphfile.Name(), "svg"),
+			container.FileVisualizer(graphfile.Name()),
 			container.StdoutLogger(),
 		),
 		container.Options(),
@@ -578,7 +581,26 @@ func TestLogging(t *testing.T) {
 
 	graphfileContents, err := os.ReadFile(graphfile.Name())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Contains(t, string(graphfileContents), "<svg")
+	require.Contains(t, string(graphfileContents), "digraph")
+}
+
+func TestGraphAndLogOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	var graphOut string
+	var b KeeperB
+	debugOpts := container.DebugOptions(
+		container.Visualizer(func(dotGraph string) {
+			graphOut = dotGraph
+		}))
+	require.NoError(t, container.BuildDebug(debugOpts, scenarioConfig, &b))
+	golden.Assert(t, graphOut, "example.dot")
+
+	badConfig := container.Options(
+		container.ProvideInModule("runtime", ProvideKVStoreKey),
+		container.ProvideInModule("a", wrapMethod0(ModuleA{})),
+		container.ProvideInModule("b", wrapMethod0(ModuleB{})),
+	)
+	require.Error(t, container.BuildDebug(debugOpts, badConfig, &b))
+	golden.Assert(t, graphOut, "example_error.dot")
 }
 
 func TestConditionalDebugging(t *testing.T) {