Pool buffers per handler and client

bench_test.go

@@ -56,22 +56,23 @@ func BenchmarkConnect(b *testing.B) {
 		connect.WithGzipRequests(),
 	)
 	assert.Nil(b, err)
+	twoMiB := strings.Repeat("a", 2*1024*1024)
 	b.ResetTimer()
 
 	b.Run("unary", func(b *testing.B) {
 		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
 			for pb.Next() {
 				_, _ = client.Ping(
 					context.Background(),
-					connect.NewRequest(&pingv1.PingRequest{Number: 42}),
+					connect.NewRequest(&pingv1.PingRequest{Text: twoMiB}),
 				)
 			}
 		})
 	})
 }
 
 type ping struct {
-	Number int `json:"number"`
+	Text string `json:"text"`
 }
 
 func BenchmarkREST(b *testing.B) {
@@ -118,23 +119,24 @@ func BenchmarkREST(b *testing.B) {
 	server.EnableHTTP2 = true
 	server.StartTLS()
 	defer server.Close()
+	twoMiB := strings.Repeat("a", 2*1024*1024)
 	b.ResetTimer()
 
 	b.Run("unary", func(b *testing.B) {
 		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
 			for pb.Next() {
-				unaryRESTIteration(b, server.Client(), server.URL)
+				unaryRESTIteration(b, server.Client(), server.URL, twoMiB)
 			}
 		})
 	})
 }
 
-func unaryRESTIteration(b *testing.B, client *http.Client, url string) {
+func unaryRESTIteration(b *testing.B, client *http.Client, url string, text string) {
 	b.Helper()
 	rawRequestBody := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
 	compressedRequestBody := gzip.NewWriter(rawRequestBody)
 	encoder := json.NewEncoder(compressedRequestBody)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(&ping{42}); err != nil {
+	if err := encoder.Encode(&ping{text}); err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("marshal request: %v", err)
 	}
 	compressedRequestBody.Close()

buffer_pool.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright 2021-2022 Buf Technologies, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package connect
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+const (
+	initialBufferSize    = 512
+	maxRecycleBufferSize = 8 * 1024 * 1024 // if >8MiB, don't hold onto a buffer
+)
+
+type bufferPool struct {
+	sync.Pool
+}
+
+func newBufferPool() *bufferPool {
+	return &bufferPool{
+		Pool: sync.Pool{
+			New: func() any {
+				return bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, initialBufferSize))
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *bufferPool) Get() *bytes.Buffer {
+	if buf, ok := b.Pool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer); ok {
+		return buf
+	}
+	return bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, initialBufferSize))
+}
+
+func (b *bufferPool) Put(buffer *bytes.Buffer) {
+	if buffer.Cap() > maxRecycleBufferSize {
+		return
+	}
+	buffer.Reset()
+	b.Pool.Put(buffer)
+}

client.go

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ func NewClient[Req, Res any](
 		CompressMinBytes: config.CompressMinBytes,
 		HTTPClient:       httpClient,
 		URL:              url,
+		BufferPool:       config.BufferPool,
 	})
 	if protocolErr != nil {
 		return nil, protocolErr
@@ -170,13 +171,15 @@ type clientConfiguration struct {
 	CompressionPools       map[string]*compressionPool
 	Codec                  Codec
 	RequestCompressionName string
+	BufferPool             *bufferPool
 }
 
 func newClientConfiguration(url string, options []ClientOption) (*clientConfiguration, *Error) {
 	protoPath := extractProtobufPath(url)
 	config := clientConfiguration{
 		Procedure:        protoPath,
 		CompressionPools: make(map[string]*compressionPool),
+		BufferPool:       newBufferPool(),
 	}
 	WithProtoBinaryCodec().applyToClient(&config)
 	WithGzip().applyToClient(&config)

handler.go

@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ type handlerConfiguration struct {
 	Procedure        string
 	HandleGRPC       bool
 	HandleGRPCWeb    bool
+	BufferPool       *bufferPool
 }
 
 func newHandlerConfiguration(procedure string, options []HandlerOption) *handlerConfiguration {
@@ -259,6 +260,7 @@ func newHandlerConfiguration(procedure string, options []HandlerOption) *handler
 		Codecs:           make(map[string]Codec),
 		HandleGRPC:       true,
 		HandleGRPCWeb:    true,
+		BufferPool:       newBufferPool(),
 	}
 	WithProtoBinaryCodec().applyToHandler(&config)
 	WithProtoJSONCodec().applyToHandler(&config)
@@ -293,6 +295,7 @@ func (c *handlerConfiguration) newProtocolHandlers(streamType StreamType) []prot
 			Codecs:           codecs,
 			CompressionPools: compressors,
 			CompressMinBytes: c.CompressMinBytes,
+			BufferPool:       c.BufferPool,
 		}))
 	}
 	return handlers

header.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 package connect
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
@@ -58,22 +57,22 @@ func DecodeBinaryHeader(data string) ([]byte, error) {
 // References:
 //   https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/PROTOCOL-HTTP2.md#responses
 //   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-2.1
-func percentEncode(msg string) string {
+func percentEncode(bufferPool *bufferPool, msg string) string {
 	for i := 0; i < len(msg); i++ {
 		// Characters that need to be escaped are defined in gRPC's HTTP/2 spec.
 		// They're different from the generic set defined in RFC 3986.
 		if c := msg[i]; c < ' ' || c > '~' || c == '%' {
-			return percentEncodeSlow(msg, i)
+			return percentEncodeSlow(bufferPool, msg, i)
 		}
 	}
 	return msg
 }
 
 // msg needs some percent-escaping. Bytes before offset don't require
 // percent-encoding, so they can be copied to the output as-is.
-func percentEncodeSlow(msg string, offset int) string {
-	// OPT: easy opportunity to pool buffers
-	out := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, len(msg)))
+func percentEncodeSlow(bufferPool *bufferPool, msg string, offset int) string {
+	out := bufferPool.Get()
+	defer bufferPool.Put(out)
 	out.WriteString(msg[:offset])
 	for i := offset; i < len(msg); i++ {
 		c := msg[i]
@@ -86,20 +85,20 @@ func percentEncodeSlow(msg string, offset int) string {
 	return out.String()
 }
 
-func percentDecode(encoded string) string {
+func percentDecode(bufferPool *bufferPool, encoded string) string {
 	for i := 0; i < len(encoded); i++ {
 		if c := encoded[i]; c == '%' && i+2 < len(encoded) {
-			return percentDecodeSlow(encoded, i)
+			return percentDecodeSlow(bufferPool, encoded, i)
 		}
 	}
 	return encoded
 }
 
 // Similar to percentEncodeSlow: encoded is percent-encoded, and needs to be
 // decoded byte-by-byte starting at offset.
-func percentDecodeSlow(encoded string, offset int) string {
-	// OPT: easy opportunity to pool buffers
-	out := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, len(encoded)))
+func percentDecodeSlow(bufferPool *bufferPool, encoded string, offset int) string {
+	out := bufferPool.Get()
+	defer bufferPool.Put(out)
 	out.WriteString(encoded[:offset])
 	for i := offset; i < len(encoded); i++ {
 		c := encoded[i]

header_test.go

@@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ func TestBinaryEncodingQuick(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestPercentEncodingQuick(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
+	pool := newBufferPool()
 	roundtrip := func(input string) bool {
 		if !utf8.ValidString(input) {
 			return true
 		}
-		encoded := percentEncode(input)
-		decoded := percentDecode(encoded)
+		encoded := percentEncode(pool, input)
+		decoded := percentDecode(pool, encoded)
 		return decoded == input
 	}
 	if err := quick.Check(roundtrip, nil /* config */); err != nil {
@@ -57,11 +58,12 @@ func TestPercentEncodingQuick(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestPercentEncoding(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
+	pool := newBufferPool()
 	roundtrip := func(input string) {
 		assert.True(t, utf8.ValidString(input), assert.Sprintf("input invalid UTF-8"))
-		encoded := percentEncode(input)
+		encoded := percentEncode(pool, input)
 		t.Logf("%q encoded as %q", input, encoded)
-		decoded := percentDecode(encoded)
+		decoded := percentDecode(pool, encoded)
 		assert.Equal(t, decoded, input)
 	}
 

protocol.go

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ type protocolHandlerParams struct {
 	Codecs           readOnlyCodecs
 	CompressionPools readOnlyCompressionPools
 	CompressMinBytes int
+	BufferPool       *bufferPool
 }
 
 // Handler is the server side of a protocol. HTTP handlers typically support
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ type protocolClientParams struct {
 	CompressMinBytes int
 	HTTPClient       HTTPClient
 	URL              string
-
+	BufferPool       *bufferPool
 	// The gRPC family of protocols always needs access to a Protobuf codec to
 	// marshal and unmarshal errors.
 	Protobuf Codec

protocol_grpc.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func (g *protocolGRPC) NewHandler(params *protocolHandlerParams) protocolHandler
 		compressionPools: params.CompressionPools,
 		minCompressBytes: params.CompressMinBytes,
 		accept:           acceptPostValue(g.web, params.Codecs),
+		bufferPool:       params.BufferPool,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ func (g *protocolGRPC) NewClient(params *protocolClientParams) (protocolClient,
 		minCompressBytes: params.CompressMinBytes,
 		httpClient:       params.HTTPClient,
 		procedureURL:     params.URL,
+		bufferPool:       params.BufferPool,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ type grpcHandler struct {
 	compressionPools readOnlyCompressionPools
 	minCompressBytes int
 	accept           string
+	bufferPool       *bufferPool
 }
 
 func (g *grpcHandler) ShouldHandleMethod(method string) bool {
@@ -173,6 +176,7 @@ func (g *grpcHandler) NewStream(
 		g.codecs.Protobuf(), // for errors
 		g.compressionPools.Get(requestCompression),
 		g.compressionPools.Get(responseCompression),
+		g.bufferPool,
 	))
 	// We can't return failed as-is: a nil *Error is non-nil when returned as an
 	// error interface.
@@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ type grpcClient struct {
 	httpClient           HTTPClient
 	procedureURL         string
 	wrapErrorInterceptor Interceptor
+	bufferPool           *bufferPool
 }
 
 func (g *grpcClient) WriteRequestHeader(header http.Header) {
@@ -262,6 +267,7 @@ func (g *grpcClient) NewStream(
 			compressionPool:  g.compressionPools.Get(g.compressionName),
 			codec:            g.codec,
 			compressMinBytes: g.minCompressBytes,
+			bufferPool:       g.bufferPool,
 		},
 		header:           header,
 		trailer:          make(http.Header),
@@ -270,6 +276,7 @@ func (g *grpcClient) NewStream(
 		responseHeader:   make(http.Header),
 		responseTrailer:  make(http.Header),
 		compressionPools: g.compressionPools,
+		bufferPool:       g.bufferPool,
 		responseReady:    make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	return g.wrapStream(&clientSender{duplex}, &clientReceiver{duplex})

protocol_grpc_client_stream.go

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ type duplexClientStream struct {
 	responseReady    chan struct{}
 	unmarshaler      unmarshaler
 	compressionPools readOnlyCompressionPools
+	bufferPool       *bufferPool
 
 	errMu       sync.Mutex
 	requestErr  error
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ func (cs *duplexClientStream) Receive(message any) error {
 		if errors.Is(err, errGotWebTrailers) {
 			mergeHeaders(cs.responseTrailer, cs.unmarshaler.WebTrailer())
 		}
-		if serverErr := extractError(cs.protobuf, cs.responseTrailer); serverErr != nil {
+		if serverErr := extractError(cs.bufferPool, cs.protobuf, cs.responseTrailer); serverErr != nil {
 			// This is expected from a protocol perspective, but receiving trailers
 			// means that we're _not_ getting a message. For users to realize that
 			// the stream has ended, Receive must return an error.
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ func (cs *duplexClientStream) makeRequest(prepared chan struct{}) {
 	// DATA frames have been sent on the stream - isn't standard HTTP/2
 	// semantics, so net/http doesn't know anything about it. To us, then, these
 	// trailers-only responses actually appear as headers-only responses.
-	if err := extractError(cs.protobuf, res.Header); err != nil {
+	if err := extractError(cs.bufferPool, cs.protobuf, res.Header); err != nil {
 		// Per the specification, only the HTTP status code and Content-Type should
 		// be treated as headers. The rest should be treated as trailing metadata.
 		if contentType := res.Header.Get("Content-Type"); contentType != "" {
@@ -338,6 +339,7 @@ func (cs *duplexClientStream) makeRequest(prepared chan struct{}) {
 		codec:           cs.codec,
 		compressionPool: cs.compressionPools.Get(compression),
 		web:             cs.web,
+		bufferPool:      cs.bufferPool,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -395,7 +397,7 @@ func (cs *duplexClientStream) getRequestOrResponseError() error {
 // binary Protobuf format, even if the messages in the request/response stream
 // use a different codec. Consequently, this function needs a Protobuf codec to
 // unmarshal error information in the headers.
-func extractError(protobuf Codec, trailer http.Header) *Error {
+func extractError(bufferPool *bufferPool, protobuf Codec, trailer http.Header) *Error {
 	codeHeader := trailer.Get("Grpc-Status")
 	if codeHeader == "" || codeHeader == "0" {
 		return nil
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ func extractError(protobuf Codec, trailer http.Header) *Error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return errorf(CodeUnknown, "gRPC protocol error: got invalid error code %q", codeHeader)
 	}
-	message := percentDecode(trailer.Get("Grpc-Message"))
+	message := percentDecode(bufferPool, trailer.Get("Grpc-Message"))
 	retErr := NewError(Code(code), errors.New(message))
 
 	detailsBinaryEncoded := trailer.Get("Grpc-Status-Details-Bin")