[SPARK-36556][SQL] Add DSV2 filters

Co-Authored-By: DB Tsai d_tsaiapple.com
Co-Authored-By: Huaxin Gao huaxin_gaoapple.com

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Add DSV2 Filters and use these in V2 codepath.

### Why are the changes needed?
The motivation of adding DSV2 filters:
1. The values in V1 filters are Scala types. When translating catalyst `Expression` to V1 filers, we have to call `convertToScala` to convert from Catalyst types used internally in rows to standard Scala types, and later convert Scala types back to Catalyst types. This is very inefficient. In V2 filters, we use `Expression`  for filter values, so the conversion from  Catalyst types to Scala types and Scala types back to Catalyst types are avoided.
2. Improve nested column filter support.
3. Make the filters work better with the rest of the DSV2 APIs.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes. The new V2 filters

### How was this patch tested?
new test

Closes apache#33803 from huaxingao/filter.

Lead-authored-by: Huaxin Gao <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: DB Tsai <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Liang-Chi Hsieh <[email protected]>

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/AlwaysFalse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * A filter that always evaluates to {@code false}.
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public final class AlwaysFalse extends Filter {
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) return true;
+    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() { return "FALSE"; }
+
+  @Override
+  public NamedReference[] references() { return EMPTY_REFERENCE; }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/AlwaysTrue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * A filter that always evaluates to {@code true}.
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public final class AlwaysTrue extends Filter {
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) return true;
+    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() { return "TRUE"; }
+
+  @Override
+  public NamedReference[] references() { return EMPTY_REFERENCE; }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/And.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+
+/**
+ * A filter that evaluates to {@code true} iff both {@code left} and {@code right} evaluate to
+ * {@code true}.
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public final class And extends BinaryFilter {
+
+  public And(Filter left, Filter right) {
+    super(left, right);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return String.format("(%s) AND (%s)", left.describe(), right.describe());
+  }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/BinaryComparison.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.Literal;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for {@link EqualNullSafe}, {@link EqualTo}, {@link GreaterThan},
+ * {@link GreaterThanOrEqual}, {@link LessThan}, {@link LessThanOrEqual}
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+abstract class BinaryComparison extends Filter {
+  protected final NamedReference column;
+  protected final Literal<?> value;
+
+  protected BinaryComparison(NamedReference column, Literal<?> value) {
+    this.column = column;
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  public NamedReference column() { return column; }
+  public Literal<?> value() { return value; }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) return true;
+    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+    BinaryComparison that = (BinaryComparison) o;
+    return Objects.equals(column, that.column) && Objects.equals(value, that.value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash(column, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public NamedReference[] references() { return new NamedReference[] { column }; }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/BinaryFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for {@link And}, {@link Or}
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+abstract class BinaryFilter extends Filter {
+  protected final Filter left;
+  protected final Filter right;
+
+  protected BinaryFilter(Filter left, Filter right) {
+    this.left = left;
+    this.right = right;
+  }
+
+  public Filter left() { return left; }
+  public Filter right() { return right; }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) return true;
+    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+    BinaryFilter and = (BinaryFilter) o;
+    return Objects.equals(left, and.left) && Objects.equals(right, and.right);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash(left, right);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public NamedReference[] references() {
+    NamedReference[] refLeft = left.references();
+    NamedReference[] refRight = right.references();
+    NamedReference[] arr = new NamedReference[refLeft.length + refRight.length];
+    System.arraycopy(refLeft, 0, arr, 0, refLeft.length);
+    System.arraycopy(refRight, 0, arr, refLeft.length, refRight.length);
+    return arr;
+  }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/EqualNullSafe.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.Literal;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * Performs equality comparison, similar to {@link EqualTo}. However, this differs from
+ * {@link EqualTo} in that it returns {@code true} (rather than NULL) if both inputs are NULL,
+ * and {@code false} (rather than NULL) if one of the input is NULL and the other is not NULL.
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public final class EqualNullSafe extends BinaryComparison {
+
+  public EqualNullSafe(NamedReference column, Literal<?> value) {
+    super(column, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() { return this.column.describe() + " <=> " + value.describe(); }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/EqualTo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.Literal;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * A filter that evaluates to {@code true} iff the {@code column} evaluates to a value
+ * equal to {@code value}.
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public final class EqualTo extends BinaryComparison {
+
+  public EqualTo(NamedReference column, Literal<?> value) {
+    super(column, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() { return column.describe() + " = " + value.describe(); }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/expressions/filter/Filter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.filter;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * Filter base class
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public abstract class Filter implements Expression {
+
+  protected static final NamedReference[] EMPTY_REFERENCE = new NamedReference[0];
+
+  /**
+   * Returns list of columns that are referenced by this filter.
+   */
+  public abstract NamedReference[] references();
+
+  @Override
+  public String describe() { return this.toString(); }
+}