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# What is Multipass?

Multipass is a lightweight VM manager for Linux, Windows and macOS. It's designed
for developers who want a fresh Ubuntu environment with a single command. It uses
KVM on Linux, Hyper-V on Windows and QEMU on macOS to run the VM with minimal
overhead. It can also use VirtualBox on Windows and macOS.
Multipass will fetch images for you and keep them up to date.
Multipass is a lightweight VM manager for Linux, Windows and macOS. It's designed for developers who want to spin up a fresh Ubuntu environment with a single command. It uses KVM on Linux, Hyper-V on Windows and QEMU on macOS to run virtual machines with minimal overhead. It can also use VirtualBox on Windows and macOS. Multipass will fetch Ubuntu images for you and keep them up to date.

Since it supports metadata for cloud-init, you can simulate a small cloud
deployment on your laptop or workstation.
Since it supports metadata for cloud-init, you can simulate a small cloud deployment on your laptop or workstation.

## Project Status
## Project status

| Service | Status |
|-----|:---|
| [CI](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/actions) | [![Build Status][gha-image]][gha-url] |
| [Snap](https://snapcraft.io/) | [![Build Status][snap-image]][snap-url] |
| [Codecov](https://codecov.io/) | [![Codecov Status][codecov-image]][codecov-url] |

# Install Multipass
# Installation

On Linux it's available as a snap:
* On **Linux**, Multipass is available as a snap:

```
sudo snap install multipass
```
```
sudo snap install multipass
```

For macOS, you can download the installers [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases) or [use Homebrew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew):
* On **macOS**, you can download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases) or use [Homebrew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew):

```
# Note, this may require you to enter your password for some sudo operations during install
# Mac OS users may need to disable their firewall to launch a multipass instance successfully
brew install --cask multipass
```
```
brew install --cask multipass
```

Please note that you may be required to enter your password for some sudo operations during installation. You may also need to disable the firewall to launch a multipass instance successfully on macOS.

* On **Windows**, download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases).

On Windows, download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases).
For more information, see [How to install Multipass](https://multipass.run/docs/install-multipass).

# Usage

Here are some pointers to get started with Multipass. For a more comprehensive learning experience, please check out the Multipass [Tutorial](https://multipass.run/docs/tutorial).

## Find available images

```
$ multipass find

Image Aliases Version Description
core core16 20200213 Ubuntu Core 16
core18 20200210 Ubuntu Core 18
16.04 xenial 20200721 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
18.04 bionic,lts 20200717 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
20.04 focal 20200720 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
daily:20.10 devel,groovy 20200721 Ubuntu 20.10
20.04 focal 20240731 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
22.04 jammy 20240808 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
24.04 noble,lts 20240806 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

Blueprint Aliases Version Description
anbox-cloud-appliance latest Anbox Cloud Appliance
charm-dev latest A development and testing environment for charmers
docker 0.4 A Docker environment with Portainer and related tools
jellyfin latest Jellyfin is a Free Software Media System that puts you in control of managing and streaming your media.
minikube latest minikube is local Kubernetes
ros-noetic 0.1 A development and testing environment for ROS Noetic.
ros2-humble 0.1 A development and testing environment for ROS 2 Humble.
```

## Launch a fresh instance of the current Ubuntu LTS

```
$ multipass launch ubuntu
Launching dancing-chipmunk...
Downloading Ubuntu 18.04 LTS..........
Launched: dancing chipmunk
$ multipass launch lts

Launched: dancing-chipmunk
```

## Check out the running instances

```
$ multipass list
Name State IPv4 Release
dancing-chipmunk RUNNING 10.125.174.247 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
live-naiad RUNNING 10.125.174.243 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
snapcraft-asciinema STOPPED -- Ubuntu Snapcraft builder for Core 18

Name State IPv4 Image
dancing-chipmunk Running 192.168.64.8 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
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phlegmatic-bluebird Stopped -- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
docker Running 192.168.64.11 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
172.17.0.1
```

## Learn more about the VM instance you just launched
## Learn more about an instance

```
$ multipass info dancing-chipmunk

Name: dancing-chipmunk
State: RUNNING
IPv4: 10.125.174.247
Release: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Image hash: 19e9853d8267 (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)
State: Running
Snapshots: 0
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IPv4: 192.168.64.8
Release: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Image hash: e2608bfdbc44 (Ubuntu 24.04 LTS)
CPU(s): 1
Load: 0.97 0.30 0.10
Disk usage: 1.1G out of 4.7G
Memory usage: 85.1M out of 985.4M
Load: 5.70 4.58 2.63
Disk usage: 3.3GiB out of 4.8GiB
Memory usage: 769.0MiB out of 953.0MiB
Mounts: --
```

## Connect to a running instance

```
$ multipass shell dancing-chipmunk
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-42-generic x86_64)

Welcome to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.8.0-39-generic aarch64)
...
```

Don't forget to logout (or Ctrl-D) or you may find yourself heading all the
way down the Inception levels... ;)
Don't forget to logout (or Ctrl-D) or you may find yourself heading all the way down Inception levels... ;)
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## Run commands inside an instance from outside

```
$ multipass exec dancing-chipmunk -- lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Release: 18.04
Codename: bionic
Description: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Release: 24.04
Codename: noble
```

## Stop an instance to save resources

```
$ multipass stop dancing-chipmunk
```

## Delete the instance
## Delete an instance

```
$ multipass delete dancing-chipmunk
```

It will now show up as deleted:
```$ multipass list
Name State IPv4 Release
snapcraft-asciinema STOPPED -- Ubuntu Snapcraft builder for Core 18
dancing-chipmunk DELETED -- Not Available
The instance will now show up as deleted:

```
$ multipass list

Name State IPv4 Image
dancing-chipmunk Deleted -- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
phlegmatic-bluebird Stopped -- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
docker Running 192.168.64.11 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
172.17.0.1
```

And when you want to completely get rid of it:
If you want to completely get rid of it:

```
$ multipass purge
```

## Get help
```

```
multipass help
multipass help <command>
```

# Get involved!
# Start developing Multipass

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Here's a set of steps to build the Multipass source code on Linux.

Here's a set of steps to build and run your own build of Multipass. Please note that the following instructions are for building Multipass for Linux only. These instructions do not support building packages for macOS or Windows systems.
Please note that these instructions do not support building packages for macOS or Windows systems.

## Build Dependencies
## Build dependencies

```
cd <multipass>
apt install devscripts equivs
sudo apt install devscripts equivs
mk-build-deps -s sudo -i
```

## Building
## Build Multipass

```
cd <multipass>
Expand All @@ -155,10 +178,12 @@ cd build
cmake ../
make
```
**Note:** if you're working on a forked repository that you created using the "Copy the main branch only" option, the repository will not include the necessary git tags to determine the Multipass version during CMake configuration. In this case, you need to manually fetch the tags from the upstream by running `git fetch --tags https://github.com/canonical/multipass.git` in the `<multipass>` source code directory.
## Running Multipass daemon and client

First, install multipass's runtime dependencies. On amd64 architecture, you can achieve that with:
Please note that if you're working on a forked repository that you created using the "Copy the main branch only" option, the repository will not include the necessary git tags to determine the Multipass version during CMake configuration. In this case, you need to manually fetch the tags from the upstream by running `git fetch --tags https://github.com/canonical/multipass.git` in the `<multipass>` source code directory.

## Run the Multipass daemon and client

First, install Multipass's runtime dependencies. On AMD64 architecture, you can do this with:

```
sudo apt update
Expand All @@ -168,34 +193,52 @@ sudo apt install libgl1 libpng16-16 libqt6core6 libqt6gui6 \
iptables iputils-ping libatm1 libxtables12 xterm
```

Then run multipass's daemon:
Then run the Multipass daemon:

```
sudo <multipass>/build/bin/multipassd &
```

Copy the desktop file multipass clients expect to find in your home:
Copy the desktop file that Multipass clients expect to find in your home:

```
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/multipass/
cp <multipass>/data/multipass.gui.autostart.desktop ~/.local/share/multipass/
```

Optionally, enable auto-complete in bash:
Optionally, enable auto-complete in Bash:

```
source <multipass>/completions/bash/multipass
```

Finally, use multipass's clients:
Now you can use the `multipass` command from your terminal (for example `<multipass>/build/bin/multipass launch --name foo`) or launch the GUI client with the command `<multipass>/build/bin/multipass.gui`.

```
<multipass>/build/bin/multipass launch --name foo # CLI client
<multipass>/build/bin/multipass.gui # GUI client
```
# Contributing guidelines

The Multipass team appreciates contributions to the project, through pull requests, issues, or discussions and questions on the [Discourse forum](https://discourse.ubuntu.com/c/multipass/21).

Please read the following guidelines carefully before contributing to the project.

## Code of Conduct

When contributing, you must adhere to the [Code of Conduct](https://ubuntu.com/community/ethos/code-of-conduct).

## Copyright

The code in this repository is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0. See [LICENSE](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/blob/main/LICENSE) for more information.

## License agreement

All contributors must sign the [Canonical contributor license agreement (CLA)](https://ubuntu.com/legal/contributors), which gives Canonical permission to use the contributions. Without the CLA, contributions cannot be accepted.

## Pull requests

Changes to this project should be proposed as pull requests. Proposed changes will then go through review and once approved, be merged into the main branch.

# More information
# Additional information

See [the Multipass documentation](https://discourse.ubuntu.com/c/multipass/doc).
[Multipass documentation](https://multipass.run/docs)

[gha-image]: https://github.com/canonical/multipass/workflows/Linux/badge.svg?branch=main
[gha-url]: https://github.com/canonical/multipass/actions?query=branch%3Amain+workflow%3ALinux
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