Add new CAST tests to break-kat.go

[andrewhop]

Description of changes:

This change updates all the KATs in self_check.c to work with break-kat.go.

1. Mark all the KAT data as static which moves the value into the read only data section
2. Update the Ed* KATs to use different messages for the signing and verification test so the test can distinguish between the two breaking
3. Update break-kat.go to break both copies of the ML-KEM public key
4. Add code to test_fips to trigger the lazy self tests
5. Update test-break-kat.sh to save the output to a variable so it shows up in the logs
6. Update the test names to be consistent

Testing:

The existing run_fips_test.sh runs test-break-kat.sh which iterates over all the supported KAT values and ensure the error output references the KAT

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license and the ISC license.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 72.22222% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.97%. Comparing base (f407534) to head (a7f44ac).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crypto/fipsmodule/self_check/self_check.c	72.22%	5 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2173      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   78.98%   78.97%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         611      611              
  Lines      105904   105878      -26     
  Branches    14982    14983       +1     
==========================================
- Hits        83651    83618      -33     
- Misses      21598    21606       +8     
+ Partials      655      654       -1     

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