[ISSUE #7966] fix: avoid scheduled tasks exiting because of unknown exceptions

[cserwen]

Which Issue(s) This PR Fixes

Fixes #7966

Brief Description

How Did You Test This Change?

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 20.00000% with 8 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 42.83%. Comparing base (f2dd5b0) to head (0f28c90).
Report is 5 commits behind head on develop.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...rocketmq/client/impl/factory/MQClientInstance.java	20.00%	8 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##             develop    #7967      +/-   ##
=============================================
- Coverage      42.85%   42.83%   -0.02%     
+ Complexity     10355    10352       -3     
=============================================
  Files           1270     1270              
  Lines          88594    88617      +23     
  Branches       11393    11395       +2     
=============================================
- Hits           37965    37960       -5     
- Misses         45952    45971      +19     
- Partials        4677     4686       +9     

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