ORC-1710: [Java] Reduce enum array allocation #3970

Job	Run time
C++ format check	9m 41s
Javadoc generation	2m 2s
Docker debian11	19m 31s
Java 17 and clang++ on ubuntu-20.04	18m 20s
Docker debian12	20m 9s
Java 21 and clang++ on ubuntu-20.04	17m 44s
License Check	30s
Docker ubuntu24	20m 12s
SIMD programming using C++ intrinsic functions on ubuntu-22.04	9m 6s
Java 17 and clang++ on ubuntu-22.04	19m 33s
Docker fedora37	20m 18s
Java 21 and clang++ on ubuntu-22.04	19m 32s
Docker oraclelinux9	20m 35s
C++ General Test on Windows	5m 52s
Java 17 and clang++ on macos-12	22m 5s
C++ AVX512 Test on Windows	5m 53s
Java 21 and clang++ on macos-12	22m 47s
Java 17 and clang++ on macos-13	21m 13s
Java 21 and clang++ on macos-13	21m 8s
Java 17 and clang++ on macos-14	14m 10s
Java 21 and clang++ on macos-14	14m 37s
Java 17 and g++ on ubuntu-22.04	19m 53s
	5h 44m 51s

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