GH-45380: [Python] Expose RankQuantileOptions to Python

[raulcd]

Rationale for this change

RankQuantileOptions are currently not exposed on Pyarrow and CI job breaks when -W error is used.

What changes are included in this PR?

Expose RankQuantileOptions and test options and kernel from pyarrow.

It also includes some minor refactor for the unwrap sort keys logic to move it into a common function.

Are these changes tested?

Yes

Are there any user-facing changes?

The options for the new kernel are exposed on pyarrow.

• GitHub Issue: [CI][Python] test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis fails with 'Python binding for RankQuantileOptions not exposed' #45380

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis

[github-actions]

Revision: ff3a84d

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-c71ec9f5c5

Task	Status
test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis

[raulcd]

The sporadic failure on test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis is a different issue tracked here:

• [Python] test_dtypes hypotesis test fails sporadically #45292

The RankQuantileOptions warning for it not being exposed has been solved.

edit: the job was successful on retry

[pitrou]

Should be except * since it calls _ensure_field_ref which can raise an exception.

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g python

[github-actions]

Revision: 86d7827

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-c2a80e324c

Task	Status
example-python-minimal-build-fedora-conda
example-python-minimal-build-ubuntu-venv
test-conda-python-3.10
test-conda-python-3.10-hdfs-2.9.2
test-conda-python-3.10-hdfs-3.2.1
test-conda-python-3.10-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.10-substrait
test-conda-python-3.11
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-latest
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-upstream_devel
test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-latest-numpy-1.26
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-nightly-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-upstream_devel-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-3.11-spark-master
test-conda-python-3.12
test-conda-python-3.12-cpython-debug
test-conda-python-3.13
test-conda-python-3.9
test-conda-python-3.9-pandas-1.1.3-numpy-1.19.5
test-conda-python-emscripten
test-cuda-python-ubuntu-22.04-cuda-11.7.1
test-debian-12-python-3-amd64
test-debian-12-python-3-i386
test-fedora-39-python-3
test-ubuntu-22.04-python-3
test-ubuntu-22.04-python-313-freethreading
test-ubuntu-24.04-python-3

[pitrou]

CI failures look unrelated.

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 4 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 0556905.

There were 8 benchmark results with an error:

• Commit Run on test-mac-arm at 2025-02-05 20:22:06Z
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=native, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-03, scale_factor=1
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=parquet, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-03, scale_factor=1
• and 6 more (see the report linked below)

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details.