GH-36241: [Packaging] Drop support for Amazon Linux 2

[kou]

Rationale for this change

We want to require CMake 3.16 or later. (GH-34921)
If we drop support for Amazon Linux 2, we can require CMake 3.16 or later.

What changes are included in this PR?

Remove Amazon Linux 2 related codes.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

• Closes: [Packaging] Drop support for Amazon Linux 2 #36241

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g linux

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #36241 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[github-actions]

Revision: 44a2e88

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-caf4a4d02d

Task	Status
almalinux-8-amd64
almalinux-8-arm64
almalinux-9-amd64
almalinux-9-arm64
amazon-linux-2023-amd64
amazon-linux-2023-arm64
centos-7-amd64
centos-8-stream-amd64
centos-8-stream-arm64
centos-9-stream-amd64
centos-9-stream-arm64
debian-bookworm-amd64
debian-bookworm-arm64
debian-bullseye-amd64
debian-bullseye-arm64
ubuntu-focal-amd64
ubuntu-focal-arm64
ubuntu-jammy-amd64
ubuntu-jammy-arm64
ubuntu-lunar-amd64
ubuntu-lunar-arm64

[kou]

+1

No objection on the mailing thread: https://lists.apache.org/thread/1gfpg0pxhk10n10lo0snx68t3pxfs2sl

[conbench-apache-arrow]

Conbench analyzed the 6 benchmark runs on commit 781907a8.

There were 16 benchmark results indicating a performance regression:

• Commit Run on arm64-m6g-linux-compute at 2023-06-26 07:35:04Z

  • params=/ConvertToSparseCOOTensorInt32, source=cpp-micro, suite=arrow-tensor-conversion-benchmark

• Commit Run on ursa-thinkcentre-m75q at 2023-06-27 07:55:14Z

  • params=DecodeArrow_Dense/65536, source=cpp-micro, suite=parquet-encoding-benchmark

• and 14 more (see the report linked below)

The full Conbench report has more details.