refactor(go/adbc/driver): driverbase implementation for connection (#…

…1590)

Implementation of Connection driver base, along with a refactor of
Driver and Database bases.

The bases have been refactored in the following way:
- The `*Impl` interface (e.g. `DatabaseImpl`) now explicitly implements
the corresponding `adbc` interface (e.g. `adbc.Database`).
- We now check to guarantee the `DatabaseImplBase` implements the entire
`DatabaseImpl` interface with stub methods or default implementations.
- A new interface has been added (e.g. `driverbase.Database`) which
contains all methods the _output_ of driverbase constructor
`NewDatabase()` should be. This helps document and guarantee the "extra"
behavior provided by using the driverbase. This interface should be
internal to the library.
- By embedding `DatabaseImpl` in the `database` struct (and similarly
for the other bases) it automatically inherits implementations coming
from the `DatabaseImpl`. This way we don't need to write out all the
implementations a second time, hence the deletes.
- The Connection base uses a builder for its constructor to register any
helper methods (see discussion in comments). The Driver and Database
bases use simple function constructors because they don't have any
helpers to register. This felt simpler but I can make those into trivial
builders as well if we prefer to have consistency between them.

A new `DriverInfo` type has been introduced to help consolidate the
collection and validation of metadata for `GetInfo()`.

There are more small changes such as refactors of the flightsql and
snowflake drivers to make use of the added functionality, as well as a
new set of tests for the driverbase. Please let me know if anything else
could use clarification.

Resolves #1105.

go/adbc/adbc.go

@@ -355,6 +355,17 @@ const (
 	InfoDriverADBCVersion InfoCode = 103 // DriverADBCVersion
 )
 
+type InfoValueTypeCode = arrow.UnionTypeCode
+
+const (
+	InfoValueStringType              InfoValueTypeCode = 0
+	InfoValueBooleanType             InfoValueTypeCode = 1
+	InfoValueInt64Type               InfoValueTypeCode = 2
+	InfoValueInt32BitmaskType        InfoValueTypeCode = 3
+	InfoValueStringListType          InfoValueTypeCode = 4
+	InfoValueInt32ToInt32ListMapType InfoValueTypeCode = 5
+)
+
 type ObjectDepth int
 
 const (