chore: Adding formatting, linting and type checking

[chanind]

This PR adds Linting and Formatting with Ruff, and type-checking with Pyright. It also adds some helpers for running these locally via make. Similar to SAELens, all CI checks can be run locally with make check-ci to ensure CI passes.

Some things to note:

• I mostly added # type: ignore comments to existing type issues rather than trying to fix them unless the fix was very obvious and simple. These can be fixed over time where it makes sense, but probably not a big deal.
• The file graphing_utils.py has some function calls that are broken and I didn't know what the right way to fix them was. I just disabled type-checking on that file with a TODO to fix it later. Someone who knows that file better should take a look
• The file testing_notebooks/main_experiments.py seems completely broken, importing things that don't exist and referring to config options that don't exist. I didn't try to fix this and instead just disabled linting and type checking for this file.

It maybe be good to add a PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md to this repo similar to SAELens that tells contributors to run make check-ci before submitting their PR to make sure everything passes, but I didn't add that as it's probably out of scope for this PR.

fixes #49

[adamkarvonen]

Looks great, thanks!