Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2025-1-22 13:58:12

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.86.0-nightly (ed43cbcb8 2025-01-21)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: ed43cbcb882e7c06870abdd9305dc1f17eb9bab9
commit-date: 2025-01-21
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.86.0-nightly
LLVM version: 19.1.7

CPU info

Architecture:                         x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                       32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                        48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                           Little Endian
CPU(s):                               4
On-line CPU(s) list:                  0-3
Vendor ID:                            AuthenticAMD
Model name:                           AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                           25
Model:                                1
Thread(s) per core:                   2
Core(s) per socket:                   2
Socket(s):                            1
Stepping:                             1
BogoMIPS:                             4890.86
Flags:                                fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves user_shstk clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                       AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                    Microsoft
Virtualization type:                  full
L1d cache:                            64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                            64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                             1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                             32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                         1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                    0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:   Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:          Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                   Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                    Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:               Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:        Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:               Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:   Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:      Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:             Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:             Mitigation; Retpolines; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:        Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	501.78 µs* 434.43 µs*	2.7714 ms	804955	328941	285485	4.4652 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	273.24 µs	2.4420 ms	741295	303944	257153	4.0225 ms
bincode 1.3.3	525.73 µs	2.0229 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.8371 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	139.83 µs	1.4519 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.3766 ms
borsh 1.5.3	566.49 µs	2.2026 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5606 ms
capnp 0.20.3	520.78 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.3476 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	607.89 µs	4.9559 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8043 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	4.1861 ms	11.614 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8125 ms
databuf 0.5.0	258.97 µs	2.0214 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.8492 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	727.66 µs	2.4795 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.5524 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	1.0333 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.3277 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	1.2763 ms	2.6741 ms	764996	315291	264898	3.9589 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.5064 ms	4.1470 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.5804 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	234.55 µs	2.1152 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.5700 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	657.18 µs	2.2198 ms	765778	311743	264518	4.0863 ms
postcard 1.1.1	427.95 µs	2.2838 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.7990 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.2760 ms	6.5624 ms	971922	372513	304122	4.5223 ms
prost 0.13.4	932.76 µs* 2.4093 ms*	3.4041 ms	884628	363130	315494	5.0684 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	252.73 µs	1.5777 ms* 2.1879 ms*	1011488	393526	326517	4.9528 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.4735 ms	3.2757 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.0895 ms
ron 0.8.1	11.565 ms	16.246 ms	1607459	449158	349713	5.6106 ms
savefile 0.18.5	191.36 µs	2.1500 ms	1045800	373139	311761	4.4893 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.6044 ms	4.8976 ms	1584946	413733	341439	4.9109 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	691.92 µs	2.0713 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.8799 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.9975 ms	5.1902 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.7748 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	3.6875 ms	6.2971 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6183 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	2.0765 ms	4.7315 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.5418 ms
speedy 0.8.7	199.66 µs	1.7373 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.3411 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	74.370 ns*	166.27 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4899 ns* 2.1506 ms*	52.157 µs* 2.1999 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2430 ns* 644.71 µs*	10.767 µs* 630.66 µs*	7.5588 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	27.87%* 32.19%*	52.39%	87.42%	87.80%	80.48%	53.22%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	51.17%	59.46%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	59.08%
bincode 1.3.3	26.60%	71.77%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	49.13%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	24.68%	65.92%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	52.11%
capnp 0.20.3	26.85%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	37.44%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	23.00%	29.30%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.47%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.34%	12.50%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.38%
databuf 0.5.0	53.99%	71.83%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	61.74%
dlhn 0.1.7	19.22%	58.56%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	66.90%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	13.53%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	44.61%
msgpacker 0.4.5	10.96%	54.29%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	60.03%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.54%	35.01%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	51.89%
nanoserde 0.1.37	59.62%	68.64%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	52.00%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.28%	65.41%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	58.16%
postcard 1.1.1	32.67%	63.57%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	62.56%
pot 3.0.1	6.14%	22.12%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	52.55%
prost 0.13.4	14.99%* 5.80%*	42.65%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	46.89%
rkyv 0.8.9	55.33%	92.03%* 66.36%*	69.57%	73.39%	70.37%	47.98%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	9.49%	44.32%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	58.11%
ron 0.8.1	1.21%	8.94%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	42.36%
savefile 0.18.5	73.07%	67.53%	67.29%	77.40%	73.70%	52.94%
serde-brief 0.1.0	8.72%	29.65%	44.40%	69.81%	67.29%	48.39%
serde_bare 0.5.0	20.21%	70.10%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	61.25%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.00%	27.97%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.77%
serde_json 1.0.134	3.79%	23.06%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	42.30%
simd-json 0.14.3	6.73%	30.69%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	42.88%
speedy 0.8.7	70.03%	83.57%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	54.75%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.67%*	6.48%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	49.92%* 0.00%*	20.64%* 0.49%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.71%*	100.00%*

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	6.7597 ms* 8.9469 ms*	8.5566 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	72.311 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	2.4156 ms	1.0267 ms	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.7502 ms
bincode 1.3.3	5.1940 ms	4.9235 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.5127 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	1.4821 ms	798.02 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	13.146 ms
borsh 1.5.3	6.2509 ms	4.3658 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.9966 ms
capnp 0.20.3	5.9091 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	80.239 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	9.9870 ms	50.463 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	91.622 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	73.262 ms	123.39 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	91.495 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.4211 ms	5.3601 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.9281 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	6.2128 ms	6.9286 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.6824 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	860.70 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	7.4038 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	18.514 ms	5.2405 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	9.8654 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	124.03 ms	32.899 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	71.227 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.8179 ms	1.1046 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.5895 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	5.1541 ms	4.0472 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.5230 ms
postcard 1.1.1	483.85 µs	1.3169 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.6039 ms
pot 3.0.1	38.303 ms	71.116 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	82.049 ms
prost 0.13.4	8.0812 ms* 9.0772 ms*	12.582 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	80.700 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	206.79 µs	149.85 µs* 202.36 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	7.5526 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	18.857 ms	17.980 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	70.540 ms
ron 0.8.1	173.85 ms	240.18 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	149.52 ms
savefile 0.18.5	148.69 µs	148.50 µs	6000024	5378519	5345892	7.5205 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	23.321 ms	50.266 ms	15750015	8024540	6816643	94.269 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.6354 ms	4.7714 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.4549 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	36.596 ms	45.876 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	91.212 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	86.741 ms	88.993 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	162.25 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	51.444 ms	70.392 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	154.42 ms
speedy 0.8.7	202.29 µs	149.50 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	8.4444 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	104.71 ns*	2.1527 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4852 ns* 39.904 ns*	54.334 µs* 77.730 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2428 ns* 4.9812 ns*	49.293 µs* 77.795 µs*	76.683 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	2.20%* 1.66%*	1.74%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	10.24%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	6.16%	14.46%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.53%
bincode 1.3.3	2.86%	3.02%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.55%
bitcode 0.6.3	10.03%	18.61%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	56.32%
borsh 1.5.3	2.38%	3.40%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.59%
capnp 0.20.3	2.52%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	9.23%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	1.49%	0.29%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	8.08%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.20%	0.12%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.09%
databuf 0.5.0	6.14%	2.77%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	93.39%
dlhn 0.1.7	2.39%	2.14%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	96.37%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	17.28%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%
msgpacker 0.4.5	0.80%	2.83%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	75.05%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.12%	0.45%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	10.39%
nanoserde 0.1.37	8.18%	13.44%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	97.55%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	2.88%	3.67%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.42%
postcard 1.1.1	30.73%	11.28%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	97.37%
pot 3.0.1	0.39%	0.21%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	9.02%
prost 0.13.4	1.84%* 1.64%*	1.18%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	9.17%
rkyv 0.8.9	71.90%	99.10%* 73.38%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.03%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	0.79%	0.83%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	10.50%
ron 0.8.1	0.09%	0.06%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	4.95%
savefile 0.18.5	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.45%
serde-brief 0.1.0	0.64%	0.30%	38.10%	64.58%	72.23%	7.85%
serde_bare 0.5.0	2.24%	3.11%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.31%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.41%	0.32%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.12%
serde_json 1.0.134	0.17%	0.17%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.56%
simd-json 0.14.3	0.29%	0.21%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.79%
speedy 0.8.7	73.50%	99.33%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	87.68%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.19%*	2.29%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	50.01%* 3.11%*	90.72%* 63.42%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 24.95%*	100.00%* 63.36%*	100.00%*

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	928.91 µs* 836.74 µs*	3.2391 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.0765 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	258.59 µs	2.0604 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.4684 ms
bincode 1.3.3	600.02 µs	1.8225 ms	569975	240525	232423	2.8812 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	132.42 µs	1.2394 ms	327688	200947	182736	739.92 µs
borsh 1.5.3	551.97 µs	1.8112 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.5074 ms
capnp 0.20.3	449.81 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	3.8593 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	788.38 µs	4.6826 ms	1109831	344745	274514	3.8792 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.7877 ms	9.9617 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8084 ms
databuf 0.5.0	305.54 µs	1.6970 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3946 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	781.87 µs	2.6028 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.4754 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	3.2258 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	3.8052 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	965.12 µs	2.9357 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.6469 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.0899 ms	4.0377 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.8770 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	271.81 µs	2.0290 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.8810 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	615.08 µs	1.9511 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.3907 ms
postcard 1.1.1	450.56 µs	2.0094 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.5027 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.4133 ms	6.2246 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.2331 ms
prost 0.13.4	1.0901 ms* 2.7592 ms*	3.3859 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.4422 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	338.67 µs	1.4704 ms* 2.0078 ms*	603776	254776	220087	2.7692 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.5350 ms	3.0348 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.6929 ms
ron 0.8.1	7.2889 ms	16.988 ms	1465223	434935	343338	5.8021 ms
savefile 0.18.5	213.75 µs	1.7991 ms	566991	239362	232010	2.8887 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.3550 ms	5.3884 ms	1276014	373898	293679	4.0623 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	759.07 µs	2.3182 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3782 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.8376 ms	4.7011 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8162 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	3.6290 ms	6.9617 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0259 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	2.2193 ms	4.6008 ms	1623191	466527	359623	5.9468 ms
speedy 0.8.7	269.01 µs	1.5704 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.4810 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	76.180 ns*	412.02 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4880 ns* 2.2088 ms*	1.3652 µs* 2.1801 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2435 ns* 518.45 µs*	164.21 ns* 526.81 µs*	765.48 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	14.26%* 15.83%*	38.26%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	24.05%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	51.21%	60.15%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	29.98%
bincode 1.3.3	22.07%	68.01%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	25.68%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	23.99%	68.43%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	29.51%
capnp 0.20.3	29.44%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	19.17%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	16.80%	26.47%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	19.07%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.50%	12.44%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.43%
databuf 0.5.0	43.34%	73.03%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	30.90%
dlhn 0.1.7	16.94%	47.62%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	29.89%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	4.11%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	19.45%
msgpacker 0.4.5	13.72%	42.22%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	27.95%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.60%	30.70%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	25.72%
nanoserde 0.1.37	48.72%	61.08%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	25.68%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.53%	63.52%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	30.95%
postcard 1.1.1	29.39%	61.68%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	29.56%
pot 3.0.1	5.49%	19.91%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	22.89%
prost 0.13.4	12.15%* 4.80%*	36.60%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	21.50%
rkyv 0.8.9	39.10%	84.29%* 61.73%*	54.27%	78.87%	83.03%	26.72%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	8.63%	40.84%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	27.48%
ron 0.8.1	1.82%	7.30%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	12.75%
savefile 0.18.5	61.95%	68.89%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	25.61%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.77%	23.00%	25.68%	53.74%	62.22%	18.21%
serde_bare 0.5.0	17.45%	53.46%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.11%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.21%	26.36%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.39%
serde_json 1.0.134	3.65%	17.80%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.28%
simd-json 0.14.3	5.97%	26.94%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.44%
speedy 0.8.7	49.22%	78.92%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	29.82%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.63%*	39.85%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	49.98%* 0.00%*	12.03%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.03%*	100.00%*

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	4.5791 ms* 2.5814 ms*	8.3844 ms	1704643	1294259	1245607	11.479 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	1.1939 ms	3.9018 ms	1406257	1117802	1062238	9.4997 ms
bincode 1.3.3	4.0822 ms	4.1737 ms	1854234	1141994	1050351	10.286 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	723.73 µs	2.3248 ms	971318	878034	855922	3.3384 ms
borsh 1.5.3	2.9460 ms	2.8979 ms	1521989	1108471	1038408	9.7777 ms
capnp 0.20.3	2.2366 ms	†	2724288	1546992	1240354	14.974 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	3.3310 ms	18.547 ms	6012539	1695215	1467194	21.793 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	24.589 ms	54.657 ms	6012373	1695146	1467435	21.337 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.3013 ms	3.7358 ms	1319999	1062631	1007898	8.9719 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	4.9342 ms	8.1979 ms	1311281	1077520	1045571	8.8089 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	5.0391 ms	†	2325620	1440289	1265148	13.471 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	2.2358 ms	6.8456 ms	1458773	1156055	1137194	9.5984 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	30.563 ms	18.090 ms	1770060	1277755	1263142	13.134 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.2652 ms	2.9410 ms	1812404	1134820	1054758	10.375 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	3.1414 ms	3.1406 ms	1319999	1064380	1010284	8.8117 ms
postcard 1.1.1	2.1520 ms	4.2509 ms	1311281	1083900	1041114	8.7832 ms
pot 3.0.1	13.638 ms	30.641 ms	2604812	1482233	1299952	15.742 ms
prost 0.13.4	4.9716 ms* 8.8483 ms*	8.9905 ms	1859886	1338076	1295497	11.874 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	1.0144 ms	2.1786 ms* 2.6008 ms*	2075936	1383779	1211892	12.671 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.250 ms	11.141 ms	1745322	1261627	1228902	11.091 ms
ron 0.8.1	37.967 ms	91.543 ms	8677703	2233642	1827843	34.532 ms
savefile 0.18.5	844.11 µs	2.7791 ms	1791505	1128012	1052757	10.133 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	6.4551 ms	22.109 ms	6951772	1796265	1570903	23.662 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.9354 ms	4.7399 ms	1319999	1062645	1007918	8.7667 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	10.408 ms	21.068 ms	6012373	1695146	1467435	21.394 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	20.624 ms	31.060 ms	9390461	2391679	1843922	34.662 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	11.745 ms	26.263 ms	9390461	2391679	1843922	37.100 ms
speedy 0.8.7	785.24 µs	2.4834 ms	1584734	1119837	1038012	10.068 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	75.669 ns*	710.31 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4848 ns* 5.2578 ms*	2.6178 µs* 5.1285 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2428 ns* 423.88 µs*	434.25 ns* 424.91 µs*	235.74 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1012.1	15.81%* 28.04%*	25.98%	56.98%	67.84%	68.72%	29.08%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	60.62%	55.84%	69.07%	78.55%	80.58%	35.14%
bincode 1.3.3	17.73%	52.20%	52.38%	76.89%	81.49%	32.46%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	93.71%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	24.57%	75.18%	63.82%	79.21%	82.43%	34.14%
capnp 0.20.3	32.36%	†	35.65%	56.76%	69.01%	22.30%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	21.73%	11.75%	16.15%	51.79%	58.34%	15.32%
ciborium 0.2.2	2.94%	3.99%	16.16%	51.80%	58.33%	15.65%
databuf 0.5.0	55.62%	58.32%	73.58%	82.63%	84.92%	37.21%
dlhn 0.1.7	14.67%	26.58%	74.07%	81.49%	81.86%	37.90%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	14.36%	†	41.77%	60.96%	67.65%	24.78%
msgpacker 0.4.5	32.37%	31.82%	66.58%	75.95%	75.27%	34.78%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.37%	12.04%	54.87%	68.72%	67.76%	25.42%
nanoserde 0.1.37	57.20%	74.08%	53.59%	77.37%	81.15%	32.18%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	23.04%	69.37%	73.58%	82.49%	84.72%	37.89%
postcard 1.1.1	33.63%	51.25%	74.07%	81.01%	82.21%	38.01%
pot 3.0.1	5.31%	7.11%	37.29%	59.24%	65.84%	21.21%
prost 0.13.4	14.56%* 8.18%*	24.23%	52.22%	65.62%	66.07%	28.11%
rkyv 0.8.9	71.35%	100.00%* 83.77%*	46.79%	63.45%	70.63%	26.35%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	7.06%	19.55%	55.65%	69.60%	69.65%	30.10%
ron 0.8.1	1.91%	2.38%	11.19%	39.31%	46.83%	9.67%
savefile 0.18.5	85.74%	78.39%	54.22%	77.84%	81.30%	32.95%
serde-brief 0.1.0	11.21%	9.85%	13.97%	48.88%	54.49%	14.11%
serde_bare 0.5.0	14.66%	45.96%	73.58%	82.63%	84.92%	38.08%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	6.95%	10.34%	16.16%	51.80%	58.33%	15.60%
serde_json 1.0.134	3.51%	7.01%	10.34%	36.71%	46.42%	9.63%
simd-json 0.14.3	6.16%	8.30%	10.34%	36.71%	46.42%	9.00%
speedy 0.8.7	92.17%	87.73%	61.29%	78.41%	82.46%	33.16%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.64%*	61.14%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	50.02%* 0.00%*	16.59%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.10%*	100.00%*

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)