feat: add const version of RetryScheduler::execute

[FrogTheFrog]

Description

Adds a const variant of RetryScheduler::execute...

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Dependency update (updates to dependencies)
• Documentation update (changes to documentation)
• Repository update (changes to repository files, e.g. .github/...)

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have added or updated the in code docstring/documentation-blocks for new or existing methods/components

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.36%. Comparing base (43feb4e) to head (8cde9bd).
Report is 14 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #119   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.35%   94.36%           
=======================================
  Files          34       34           
  Lines        2003     2005    +2     
  Branches     1038     1038           
=======================================
+ Hits         1890     1892    +2     
+ Misses         58       51    -7     
- Partials       55       62    +7     

Flag	Coverage Δ
Linux	91.07% <100.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
Windows	94.19% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
macOS	74.93% <100.00%> (+0.13%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...rc/common/include/display_device/retry_scheduler.h	97.05% <100.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
8 New issues
8 New Code Smells (required ≤ 0)

See analysis details on SonarCloud

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