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Presentation/Figures/styling_line_graphs.html

@@ -223,6 +223,115 @@ <h2 id="keep-in-mind">
       <h1 id="implementation">
           <a href="#implementation" aria-labelledby="implementation" class="anchor-heading"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Implementation
       </h1>
+      <h2 id="python">
+          <a href="#python" aria-labelledby="python" class="anchor-heading"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Python
+      </h2>
+<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pandas</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">pd</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">seaborn.objects</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">so</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">np</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">plt</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">seaborn</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">axes_style</span>
+
+
+
+
+<span class="c1"># Download the economics dataset (from ggplot2 so comparison is apples-to-apples)
+</span><span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/main/data-raw/economics.csv"</span>
+<span class="n">economics</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read_csv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+
+<span class="c1"># Quick manipulation of dataframe to convert column to datetime
+</span><span class="n">df</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">economics</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">assign</span><span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="n">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'date'</span><span class="p">])</span>
+        <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="c1"># Default plots (Notice the xaxis only has 2 years! We'll fix this in p2)
+</span><span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'uempmed'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Line</span><span class="p">())</span>
+    <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">p1</span>
+
+
+
+
+<span class="c1">## Change line color and chart labels, and fix xaxis
+## Note here that color is inside of the Line call, so this would color the line.
+## If color were instead *inside* the so.Plot() object, SO would assign it
+## a different line for each value of the factor variable (column), colored differently. (Commonly referred to as hue in seaborn)
+# However, in our case, we can pass a color directly.
+</span><span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'uempmed'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'purple'</span><span class="p">))</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Median Duration of Unemploymeny'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">scale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Temporal</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">tick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">upto</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">#Needed for current configuration of seaborn.objects so xaxis prints more than 2 ticks
+</span>    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">theme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axes_style</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"whitegrid"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">#use a function from parent seaborn library, that will pass a prebuilt selection based on what you pass
+</span>    <span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">p2</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="c1">## plotting multiple charts (of different line types and sizes)
+</span><span class="n">p3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'darkblue'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">linewidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'uempmed'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'red'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">linewidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">linestyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'dotted'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'psavert'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Unemployment Duration (Blue)</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> &amp; Savings Rate (Red)'</span><span class="p">,</span> 
+           <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Date'</span><span class="p">,</span> 
+           <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">scale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Temporal</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">tick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">upto</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">#Needed for current configuration of seaborn.objects so xaxis prints more than 2 ticks
+</span>    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">theme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axes_style</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"whitegrid"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">#use a function from parent seaborn library, that will pass a prebuilt selection based on what you pass
+</span>    <span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">p3</span>
+
+
+<span class="c1">## Plotting a different line type for each group
+## There isn't a natural factor in this data so let's just duplicate the data and make one up
+</span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'fac'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+<span class="n">df2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">df2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'fac'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
+<span class="n">df2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'uempmed'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'uempmed'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">normal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">df2</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="n">df_final</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">concat</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">df2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ignore_index</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">astype</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s">'fac'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">'category'</span><span class="p">})</span>
+
+
+<span class="n">p4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">df_final</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'uempmed'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'fac'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Line</span><span class="p">())</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Median Duration of Unemployment"</span><span class="p">,</span>
+           <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Date"</span><span class="p">,</span>
+           <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">""</span><span class="p">,</span>
+           <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Random Factor'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">scale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">so</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Temporal</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">tick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">upto</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">#Needed for current configuration of seaborn.objects so xaxis prints more than 2 ticks
+</span>    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">theme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axes_style</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"whitegrid"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">#use a function from parent seaborn library, that will pass a prebuilt selection based on what you pass
+</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">p4</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="c1"># Plot all 4 plots
+</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="c1"># Draw each plot in the corresponding subplot
+</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]).</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]).</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]).</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">p4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]).</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Adjust layout to avoid overlap
+</span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Show the combined plot
+</span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</code></pre></div></div>
+<p>The four plots generated by the code are (in order p1, p2, then p3 and p4):</p>
+<p><img src="/Presentation/Figures/Images/Styling-Line-Graphs/styling_line_graphs_Python.png" alt="Four Styled Line Graphs in Python" /></p>
       <h2 id="r">
           <a href="#r" aria-labelledby="r" class="anchor-heading"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> R
       </h2>