Main: adding --locate, --locate_lib, --locate_ocaml

[mtzguido]

These options allow to programatically query F* for the path to its executable, library, and ocaml-built library. This simplifies writing makefiles and other build automation by avoiding manual path computation, which are really annoying and brittle.

[mtzguido]

Checking just in case https://github.com/mtzguido/FStar/actions/runs/11133805398/job/30941035658

[mtzguido]

Added a patch to display some info on startup whenever --debug is on:

$ ./bin/fstar.exe --debug y
- F* executable: /home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin/fstar.exe
- F* exec dir: /home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin
- Library root: /home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin/../ulib
- Full include path: ["/home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin/../ulib", "/home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin/../ulib/legacy", "/home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin/../ulib/experimental", "/home/guido/r/fstar/upstream/bin/../ulib/.cache", "."]

Will try to load cmxs files: []
* Error 5:
  - No file provided