Fix filtering parts with indexHint for non analyzer (resubmit)

[azat]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fix filtering parts with indexHint for non analyzer

Fixes: #54185 (cc @KochetovNicolai )
Resubmits: #54449 (cc @Avogar ) - it had been reverted in #54806, due to conflicts with newly added tests in #54563
Fixes: #54563 (Cc @rschu1ze) - add proper type check into virtual column utils

[robot-ch-test-poll1]

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Check name	Description	Status
Integration tests	The integration tests report. In parenthesis the package type is given, and in square brackets are the optional part/total tests	❌ failure
Stateless tests	Runs stateless functional tests for ClickHouse binaries built in various configurations -- release, debug, with sanitizers, etc	❌ failure

[azat]

Stateless tests (ubsan) [1/2] — fail: 1, passed: 2784, skipped: 23

• 00002_log_and_exception_messages_formatting - can be flaky (anyway this codes does not modified any exceptions)

Integration tests (release) [3/4] — fail: 1, passed: 603

• test_global_overcommit_tracker - can be flaky