Fix assertion in CacheMetadata::doCleanup

[kssenii]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fix a race in CacheMetadata::doCleanup. Closes #49386

[robot-clickhouse-ci-2]

This is an automated comment for commit adebac1 with description of existing statuses. It's updated for the latest CI running
The full report is available here
The overall status of the commit is 🟡 pending

Check name	Description	Status
CI running	A meta-check that indicates the running CI. Normally, it's in success or pending state. The failed status indicates some problems with the PR	🟡 pending
Mergeable Check	Checks if all other necessary checks are successful	🟢 success

[kssenii]

Unit tests (asan) — PASSED record not found.

broken in master

Stateless tests (release, DatabaseReplicated) [4/4] — fail: 1

00992_system_parts_race_condition_zookeeper_long - flaky in master

[devcrafter]

LGTM with comment

[kssenii]

Unit tests (asan) — PASSED record not found.

broken on master:

==13==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-use-after-scope on address 0x7f00000cca10 at pc 0x555d81667d61 bp 0x7efec3c8edd0 sp 0x7efec3c8edc8
READ of size 8 at 0x7f00000cca10 thread T3999 (ThreadPool)
    #0 0x555d81667d60 in IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0::operator()() const build_docker/./src/IO/Resource/tests/gtest_resource_manager_hierarchical.cpp:93:17
    #1 0x555d81667d60 in decltype(std::declval<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&>()()) std::__1::__invoke[abi:v15000]<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&>(IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&) build_docker/./contrib/llvm-project/libcxx/include/__functional/invoke.h:394:23
    #2 0x555d81667d60 in decltype(auto) std::__1::__apply_tuple_impl[abi:v15000]<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&, std::__1::tuple<>&>(IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&, std::__1::tuple<>&, std::__1::__tuple_indices<>) build_docker/./contrib/llvm-project/libcxx/include/tuple:1789:1
    #3 0x555d81667d60 in decltype(auto) std::__1::apply[abi:v15000]<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&, std::__1::tuple<>&>(IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&, std::__1::tuple<>&) build_docker/./contrib/llvm-project/libcxx/include/tuple:1798:1
    #4 0x555d81667d60 in ThreadFromGlobalPoolImpl<true>::ThreadFromGlobalPoolImpl<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0>(IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&&)::'lambda'()::operator()() build_docker/./src/Common/ThreadPool.h:228:13
    #5 0x555d81667d60 in decltype(std::declval<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0>()()) std::__1::__invoke[abi:v15000]<ThreadFromGlobalPoolImpl<true>::ThreadFromGlobalPoolImpl<IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0>(IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&&)::'lambda'()&>(IOResourceDynamicResourceManager_Fairness_Test::TestBody()::$_0&&) build_docker/./contrib/llvm-project/libcxx/include/__functional/invoke.h:394:23