Add resource types in outputs and parameters

Fixes: #2246

This change implements functionality for declaring strongly type
parameters and outputs using resource types.

Example:

```
param storage resource 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts@2020-01-01'
```

This declares a parameter that can be interacted with as-if it were an
'existing' resource type declaration of the provided type.

In addition you can do the same with outputs:

```
output out resource 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts@2020-01-01' = foo
```

or using type inference (outputs):

```
output out resource = foo
```

These features together allow you to pass resources across module
boundaries, and as command line parameters (using the resource ID).

---

This PR implements #2246 with a few caveats that I discussed offline
with one of the maintainers.

1. It does not include the 'any resource type' that's outlined in the
   proposal. It's not clear how that part of the proposal will work
   in the future with extensibility.
2. It does not support extensibility resources currently. To do this we
   need to define the semantics of how an extensibility resource can
   be serialized (what's the equivalent of `.id`). This is explicitly
   blocked in the first cut and can be added as extensibility is
   designed.
3. Parameter resources cannot be used with the `.parent` or `.scope`
   properties because it would allow you to bypass scope validation
   easily. The set of cases that we could actually provide validation
   for these use cases are really limited.

docs/grammar.md

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ targetScopeDecl -> "targetScope" "=" expression
 
 importDecl -> decorator* "import" IDENTIFIER(providerName) "as" IDENTIFIER(aliasName) object? NL
 
-parameterDecl -> decorator* "parameter" IDENTIFIER(name) IDENTIFIER(type) parameterDefaultValue? NL
+parameterDecl -> 
+  decorator* "parameter" IDENTIFIER(name) IDENTIFIER(type) parameterDefaultValue? NL |
+  decorator* "parameter" IDENTIFIER(name) "resource" interpString(type) parameterDefaultValue? NL |
 parameterDefaultValue -> "=" expression
 
 variableDecl -> decorator* "variable" IDENTIFIER(name) "=" expression NL
@@ -25,8 +27,9 @@ resourceDecl -> decorator* "resource" IDENTIFIER(name) interpString(type) "exist
 
 moduleDecl -> decorator* "module" IDENTIFIER(name) interpString(type) "=" (ifCondition | object | forExpression) NL
 
-outputDecl -> decorator* "output" IDENTIFIER(name) IDENTIFIER(type) "=" expression NL
-
+outputDecl -> 
+  decorator* "output" IDENTIFIER(name) IDENTIFIER(type) "=" expression NL
+  decorator* "output" IDENTIFIER(name) "resource" interpString(type) "=" expression NL
 NL -> ("\n" | "\r")+
 
 decorator -> "@" decoratorExpression NL

src/Bicep.Cli.IntegrationTests/TestBase.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ protected static IEnumerable<string> GetAllDiagnostics(string bicepFilePath, ICo
             var dispatcher = new ModuleDispatcher(new DefaultModuleRegistryProvider(BicepTestConstants.FileResolver, clientFactory, templateSpecRepositoryFactory, BicepTestConstants.Features));
             var configuration = BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration;
             var sourceFileGrouping = SourceFileGroupingBuilder.Build(BicepTestConstants.FileResolver, dispatcher, new Workspace(), PathHelper.FilePathToFileUrl(bicepFilePath), configuration);
-            var compilation = new Compilation(TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), sourceFileGrouping, configuration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
+            var compilation = new Compilation(BicepTestConstants.Features, TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), sourceFileGrouping, configuration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
 
             var output = new List<string>();
             foreach (var (bicepFile, diagnostics) in compilation.GetAllDiagnosticsByBicepFile())

src/Bicep.Cli/CliResources.resx

@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@ If you would like to report any issues or inaccurate conversions, please see htt
   <data name="SymbolicNamesDisclaimerMessage" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>WARNING: Symbolic name support in ARM is experimental, and should be enabled for testing purposes only. Do not enable this setting for any production usage, or you may be unexpectedly broken at any time!</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="ResourceTypesDisclaimerMessage" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>WARNING: Resource-typed parameters and outputs in ARM are experimental, and should be enabled for testing purposes only. Do not enable this setting for any production usage, or you may be unexpectedly broken at any time!</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="DecompilationFailedFormat" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>{0}: Decompilation failed with fatal error "{1}"</value>
     <comment>{0} json path      {1} message string</comment>

src/Bicep.Cli/Commands/BuildCommand.cs

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ public async Task<int> RunAsync(BuildArguments args)
                 logger.LogWarning(CliResources.SymbolicNamesDisclaimerMessage);
             }
 
+            if (invocationContext.Features.ResourceTypedParamsAndOutputsEnabled)
+            {
+                logger.LogWarning(CliResources.ResourceTypesDisclaimerMessage);
+            }
+
             var compilation = await compilationService.CompileAsync(inputPath, args.NoRestore);
 
             if (diagnosticLogger.ErrorCount < 1)

src/Bicep.Cli/Services/CompilationService.cs

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public async Task<Compilation> CompileAsync(string inputPath, bool skipRestore)
                 }
             }
 
-            var compilation = new Compilation(this.invocationContext.NamespaceProvider, sourceFileGrouping, configuration, new LinterAnalyzer(configuration));
+            var compilation = new Compilation(this.invocationContext.Features, this.invocationContext.NamespaceProvider, sourceFileGrouping, configuration, new LinterAnalyzer(configuration));
             LogDiagnostics(compilation);
 
             return compilation;

src/Bicep.Core.IntegrationTests/DecoratorTests.cs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ param inputb string
 ",
             };
 
-            var compilation = new Compilation(TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), SourceFileGroupingFactory.CreateForFiles(files, mainUri, BicepTestConstants.FileResolver, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration), BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
+            var compilation = new Compilation(BicepTestConstants.Features, TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), SourceFileGroupingFactory.CreateForFiles(files, mainUri, BicepTestConstants.FileResolver, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration), BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
             var diagnosticsByFile = compilation.GetAllDiagnosticsByBicepFile().ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key.FileUri, kvp => kvp.Value);
             var success = diagnosticsByFile.Values.SelectMany(x => x).All(d => d.Level != DiagnosticLevel.Error);
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ param inputb string
 ",
             };
 
-            var compilation = new Compilation(TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), SourceFileGroupingFactory.CreateForFiles(files, mainUri, BicepTestConstants.FileResolver, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration), BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
+            var compilation = new Compilation(BicepTestConstants.Features, TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), SourceFileGroupingFactory.CreateForFiles(files, mainUri, BicepTestConstants.FileResolver, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration), BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
             var diagnosticsByFile = compilation.GetAllDiagnosticsByBicepFile().ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key.FileUri, kvp => kvp.Value);
             var success = diagnosticsByFile.Values.SelectMany(x => x).All(d => d.Level != DiagnosticLevel.Error);
 

src/Bicep.Core.IntegrationTests/Emit/TemplateEmitterTests.cs

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ public void TemplateEmitter_should_not_dispose_text_writer()
 
         private EmitResult EmitTemplate(SourceFileGrouping sourceFileGrouping, EmitterSettings emitterSettings, string filePath)
         {
-            var compilation = new Compilation(TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), sourceFileGrouping, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
+            var compilation = new Compilation(BicepTestConstants.Features, TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), sourceFileGrouping, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
             var emitter = new TemplateEmitter(compilation.GetEntrypointSemanticModel(), emitterSettings);
 
             using var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None);
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ private EmitResult EmitTemplate(SourceFileGrouping sourceFileGrouping, EmitterSe
 
         private EmitResult EmitTemplate(SourceFileGrouping sourceFileGrouping, EmitterSettings emitterSettings, MemoryStream memoryStream)
         {
-            var compilation = new Compilation(TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), sourceFileGrouping, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
+            var compilation = new Compilation(BicepTestConstants.Features, TestTypeHelper.CreateEmptyProvider(), sourceFileGrouping, BicepTestConstants.BuiltInConfiguration, BicepTestConstants.LinterAnalyzer);
             var emitter = new TemplateEmitter(compilation.GetEntrypointSemanticModel(), emitterSettings);
 
             TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter(memoryStream);