Move QPY version regex construction to import time

As pointed out by @nkanazawa1989 in Qiskit#8232 the regex construction added
to the QPY interface functions in Qiskit#8200 can be a significant portion of
the overall function time especially for smaller inputs. Especially as
we're building it on every call interface function call. To ameliorate
that cost this commit compiles the version regex a single time at the
module level. This adds the overhead to import but it will only be done
once which should be a net improvement in performance.

qiskit/qpy/interface.py

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 """
     + "$"
 )
+VERSION_PATTERN_REGEX = re.compile(VERSION_PATTERN)
 
 
 @deprecate_arguments({"circuits": "programs"})
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ def dump(
     else:
         raise TypeError(f"'{program_type}' is not supported data type.")
 
-    version_match = re.search(VERSION_PATTERN, __version__, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+    version_match = VERSION_PATTERN_REGEX.search(__version__, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
     version_parts = [int(x) for x in version_match.group("release").split(".")]
     header = struct.pack(
         formats.FILE_HEADER_PACK,
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ def load(
     )
     if data.preface.decode(common.ENCODE) != "QISKIT":
         raise QiskitError("Input file is not a valid QPY file")
-    version_match = re.search(VERSION_PATTERN, __version__, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+    version_match = VERSION_PATTERN_REGEX.search(__version__, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
     version_parts = [int(x) for x in version_match.group("release").split(".")]
 
     header_version_parts = [data.major_version, data.minor_version, data.patch_version]