diff --git a/Sources/SKCore/CompilationDatabase.swift b/Sources/SKCore/CompilationDatabase.swift
index efdd1752b..67e02ae39 100644
--- a/Sources/SKCore/CompilationDatabase.swift
+++ b/Sources/SKCore/CompilationDatabase.swift
@@ -221,7 +221,11 @@ extension CompilationDatabase.Command: Codable {
     if let arguments = try container.decodeIfPresent([String].self, forKey: .arguments) {
       self.commandLine = arguments
     } else if let command = try container.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .command) {
+      #if os(Windows)
+      self.commandLine = splitWindowsCommandLine(command, initialCommandName: true)
+      #else
       self.commandLine = splitShellEscapedCommand(command)
+      #endif
     } else {
       throw CompilationDatabaseDecodingError.missingCommandOrArguments
     }
@@ -355,3 +359,216 @@ public func splitShellEscapedCommand(_ cmd: String) -> [String] {
   var parser = Parser(cmd[...])
   return parser.parse()
 }
+
+// MARK: - Windows
+
+fileprivate extension Character {
+  var isWhitespace: Bool {
+    switch self {
+    case " ", "\t":
+      return true
+    default:
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  var isWhitespaceOrNull: Bool {
+    return self.isWhitespace || self == "\0"
+  }
+
+  func isWindowsSpecialChar(inCommandName: Bool) -> Bool {
+    if isWhitespace {
+      return true
+    }
+    if self == #"""# {
+      return true
+    }
+    if !inCommandName && self == #"\"# {
+      return true
+    }
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+fileprivate struct WindowsCommandParser {
+  /// The content of the entire command that shall be parsed.
+  private let content: String
+
+  /// Whether we are parsing the initial command name. In this mode `\` is not treated as escaping the quote
+  /// character.
+  private var parsingCommandName: Bool
+
+  /// An index into `content`, pointing to the character that we are currently parsing.
+  private var currentCharacterIndex: String.UTF8View.Index
+
+  /// The split command line arguments.
+  private var result: [String] = []
+
+  /// The character that is currently being parsed.
+  ///
+  /// `nil` if we have reached the end of `content`.
+  private var currentCharacter: Character? {
+    guard currentCharacterIndex < content.endIndex else {
+      return nil
+    }
+    return self.content[currentCharacterIndex]
+  }
+
+  /// The character after `currentCharacter`.
+  ///
+  /// `nil` if we have reached the end of `content`.
+  private var peek: Character? {
+    let nextIndex = content.index(after: currentCharacterIndex)
+    if nextIndex < content.endIndex {
+      return content[nextIndex]
+    } else {
+      return nil
+    }
+  }
+
+  init(_ string: String, initialCommandName: Bool) {
+    self.content = string
+    self.currentCharacterIndex = self.content.startIndex
+    self.parsingCommandName = initialCommandName
+  }
+
+  /// Designated entry point to split a Windows command line invocation.
+  mutating func parse() -> [String] {
+    while let currentCharacter {
+      if currentCharacter.isWhitespaceOrNull {
+        // Consume any whitespace separating arguments.
+        _ = consume()
+      } else {
+        result.append(parseSingleArgument())
+      }
+    }
+    return result
+  }
+
+  /// Consume the current character.
+  private mutating func consume() -> Character {
+    guard let character = currentCharacter else {
+      preconditionFailure("Nothing to consume")
+    }
+    currentCharacterIndex = content.index(after: currentCharacterIndex)
+    return character
+  }
+
+  /// Consume the current character, asserting that it is `expectedCharacter`
+  private mutating func consume(expect expectedCharacter: Character) {
+    assert(currentCharacter == expectedCharacter)
+    _ = consume()
+  }
+
+  /// Parses a single argument, consuming its characters and returns the parsed arguments with all escaping unfolded
+  /// (e.g. `\"` gets returned as `"`)
+  ///
+  /// Afterwards the parser points to the character after the argument.
+  mutating func parseSingleArgument() -> String {
+    var str = ""
+    while let currentCharacter {
+      if !currentCharacter.isWindowsSpecialChar(inCommandName: parsingCommandName) {
+        str.append(consume())
+        continue
+      }
+      if currentCharacter.isWhitespaceOrNull {
+        parsingCommandName = false
+        return str
+      } else if currentCharacter == "\"" {
+        str += parseQuoted()
+      } else if currentCharacter == #"\"# {
+        assert(!parsingCommandName, "else we'd have treated it as a normal char");
+        str.append(parseBackslash())
+      } else {
+        preconditionFailure("unexpected special character");
+      }
+    }
+    return str
+  }
+
+  /// Assuming that we are positioned at a `"`, parse a quoted string and return the string contents without the
+  /// quotes.
+  mutating func parseQuoted() -> String {
+    // Discard the opening quote. Its not part of the unescaped text.
+    consume(expect: "\"")
+
+    var str = ""
+    while let currentCharacter {
+      switch currentCharacter {
+      case "\"":
+        if peek == "\"" {
+          // Two adjacent quotes inside a quoted string are an escaped single quote. For example
+          // `" a "" b "`
+          // represents the string
+          // ` a " b `
+          consume(expect: "\"")
+          consume(expect: "\"")
+          str += "\""
+        } else {
+          // We have found the closing quote. Discard it and return.
+          consume(expect: "\"")
+          return str
+        }
+      case "\\" where !parsingCommandName:
+        str.append(parseBackslash())
+      default:
+        str.append(consume())
+      }
+    }
+    return str
+  }
+
+  /// Backslashes are interpreted in a rather complicated way in the Windows-style
+  /// command line, because backslashes are used both to separate path and to
+  /// escape double quote. This method consumes runs of backslashes as well as the
+  /// following double quote if it's escaped.
+  ///
+  ///  * If an even number of backslashes is followed by a double quote, one
+  ///    backslash is output for every pair of backslashes, and the last double
+  ///    quote remains unconsumed. The double quote will later be interpreted as
+  ///    the start or end of a quoted string in the main loop outside of this
+  ///    function.
+  ///
+  ///  * If an odd number of backslashes is followed by a double quote, one
+  ///    backslash is output for every pair of backslashes, and a double quote is
+  ///    output for the last pair of backslash-double quote. The double quote is
+  ///    consumed in this case.
+  ///
+  ///  * Otherwise, backslashes are interpreted literally.
+  mutating func parseBackslash() -> String {
+    var str: String = ""
+
+    let firstNonBackslashIndex = content[currentCharacterIndex...].firstIndex(where: { $0 != "\\" }) ?? content.endIndex
+    let numberOfBackslashes = content.distance(from: currentCharacterIndex, to: firstNonBackslashIndex)
+
+    if firstNonBackslashIndex != content.endIndex && content[firstNonBackslashIndex] == "\"" {
+      str += String(repeating: "\\", count: numberOfBackslashes / 2)
+      if numberOfBackslashes.isMultiple(of: 2) {
+        // We have an even number of backslashes. Just add the escaped backslashes to `str` and return to parse the
+        // quote in the outer function.
+        currentCharacterIndex = firstNonBackslashIndex
+      } else {
+        // We have an odd number of backslashes. The last backslash escapes the quote.
+        str += "\""
+        currentCharacterIndex = content.index(after: firstNonBackslashIndex)
+      }
+      return str
+    }
+
+    // The sequence of backslashes is not followed by quotes. Interpret them literally.
+    str += String(repeating: "\\", count: numberOfBackslashes)
+    currentCharacterIndex = firstNonBackslashIndex
+    return str
+  }
+}
+
+// Sometimes, this function will be handling a full command line including an
+// executable pathname at the start. In that situation, the initial pathname
+// needs different handling from the following arguments, because when
+// CreateProcess or cmd.exe scans the pathname, it doesn't treat \ as
+// escaping the quote character, whereas when libc scans the rest of the
+// command line, it does.
+public func splitWindowsCommandLine(_ cmd: String, initialCommandName: Bool) -> [String] {
+  var parser = WindowsCommandParser(cmd, initialCommandName: initialCommandName)
+  return parser.parse()
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SKCoreTests/CompilationDatabaseTests.swift b/Tests/SKCoreTests/CompilationDatabaseTests.swift
index c7e4d753d..411b92c7f 100644
--- a/Tests/SKCoreTests/CompilationDatabaseTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SKCoreTests/CompilationDatabaseTests.swift
@@ -57,7 +57,80 @@ final class CompilationDatabaseTests: XCTestCase {
     check("\"a\"bcd\"ef\"\"\"\"g\"", ["abcdefg"])
     check("a'\\b \"c\"'", ["a\\b \"c\""])
   }
+  
+  func testSplitShellEscapedCommandBasic() {
+    assertEscapedCommand("", [])
+    assertEscapedCommand("    ", [])
+    assertEscapedCommand("a", ["a"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("abc", ["abc"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("a😀c", ["a😀c"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("😀c", ["😀c"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("abc def", ["abc", "def"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("abc    def", ["abc", "def"])
+  }
+
+  func testSplitShellEscapedCommandDoubleQuotes() {
+    assertEscapedCommand("\"", [""])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a"#, ["a"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("\"\"", [""])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a""#, ["a"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a\"""#, [#"a""#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a b c ""#, ["a b c "])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a " "#, ["a "])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a " b"#, ["a ", "b"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a "b"#, ["a b"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"a"x ""b"#, ["ax b"], windows: [#"ax "b"#])
+
+    assertEscapedCommand(#""a"bcd"ef""""g""#, ["abcdefg"], windows: [#"abcdef""g"#])
+  }
 
+  func testSplitShellEscapedCommandSingleQuotes() {
+    assertEscapedCommand("'", [""], windows: ["'"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("'a", ["a"], windows: ["'a"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("''", [""], windows: ["''"])
+    assertEscapedCommand("'a'", ["a"], windows: ["'a'"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"'a\"'"#, [#"a\""#], windows: [#"'a"'"#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"'a b c '"#, ["a b c "], windows: ["'a", "b", "c", "'"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"'a ' "#, ["a "], windows: ["'a", "'"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"'a ' b"#, ["a ", "b"], windows: ["'a", "'", "b"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"'a 'b"#, ["a b"], windows: ["'a", "'b"])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"a'x ''b"#, ["ax b"], windows: ["a'x", "''b"])
+  }
+
+  func testSplitShellEscapedCommandBackslash() {
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"a\\"#, [#"a\"#], windows: [#"a\\"#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"a'\b "c"'"#, ["a\\b \"c\""], windows: [#"a'\b"#, #"c'"#])
+
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"\""#, ["\""])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"\\""#, [#"\"#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"\\\""#, [#"\""#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"\\ "#, [#"\"#], windows: [#"\\"#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"\\\ "#, [#"\ "#], windows: [#"\\\"#])
+  }
+
+  func testSplitShellEscapedCommandWindowsCommand() {
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"C:\swift.exe"#, [#"C:swift.exe"#], windows: [#"C:\swift.exe"#], initialCommandName: true)
+    assertEscapedCommand(
+      #"C:\ swift.exe"#,
+      [#"C: swift.exe"#],
+      windows: [#"C:\"#, #"swift.exe"#],
+      initialCommandName: true
+    )
+    assertEscapedCommand(
+      #"C:\ swift.exe"#,
+      [#"C: swift.exe"#],
+      windows: [#"C:\"#, #"swift.exe"#],
+      initialCommandName: false
+    )
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"C:\"swift.exe""#, [#"C:"swift.exe"#], windows: [#"C:\swift.exe"#], initialCommandName: true)
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"C:\"swift.exe""#, [#"C:"swift.exe"#], windows: [#"C:"swift.exe"#], initialCommandName: false)
+  }
+
+  func testSplitShellEscapedCommandWindowsTwoDoubleQuotes() {
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"" test with "" quote""#, [" test with  quote"], windows: [#" test with " quote"#])
+    assertEscapedCommand(#"" test with "" quote""#, [" test with  quote"], windows: [#" test with " quote"#])
+  }
+  
   func testEncodeCompDBCommand() throws {
     // Requires JSONEncoder.OutputFormatting.sortedKeys
     func check(_ cmd: CompilationDatabase.Command, _ expected: String, file: StaticString = #filePath, line: UInt = #line) throws {
@@ -332,3 +405,33 @@ private func checkCompilationDatabaseBuildSystem(_ compdb: ByteString, file: Sta
   let buildSystem = CompilationDatabaseBuildSystem(projectRoot: try AbsolutePath(validating: "/a"), fileSystem: fs)
   try block(buildSystem)
 }
+
+/// Assert that splitting `str` into its command line components results in `expected`.
+///
+/// By default assert that escaping using Unix and Windows rules results in the same split. If `windows` is specified,
+/// assert that escaping with Windows rules produces `windows` and escaping using Unix rules results in `expected`.
+///
+/// If set `initialCommandName` gets passed to the Windows split function.
+private func assertEscapedCommand(
+  _ str: String,
+  _ expected: [String],
+  windows: [String]? = nil,
+  initialCommandName: Bool = false,
+  file: StaticString = #filePath,
+  line: UInt = #line
+) {
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+    splitShellEscapedCommand(str),
+    expected,
+    "Splitting Unix command line arguments",
+    file: file,
+    line: line
+  )
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+    splitWindowsCommandLine(str, initialCommandName: initialCommandName),
+    windows ?? expected,
+    "Splitting Windows command line arguments",
+    file: file,
+    line: line
+  )
+}