diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2016-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2016-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2784a3b..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2016-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -# 2016-04 - -## Red Nose Day - -Red Nose Day(RND) is a well-known event in the UK. The aim of the day is to raise money for Comic Relief. This is a charity that helps people in need in Africa and in the UK. - -Comic Relief was started in 1985 by Richard Curtis. He wrote the famous films Four Weddings and a Funeral and Notting Hill. Richard started Comic Relief in response to the severe famine in Ethiopia. It's called RND as on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear! The money made from selling red noses goes to the charity. - -RND takes place every two years in the spring. It is now so well-established that many people consider it to be an unofficial national holiday. - -The slogan for the last RND was "Do Something Funny for Money". The money that was collected was used to help fund projects in such areas as education and mental health. Money-raising events take place on this day all over the country and many schools participate. People also donate money by post, in banks, by phone using a credit card and online. - -In the evening of RND a telethon takes place on the BBC TV channels. This is like a television marathon ( 马拉松) that shows some of the events of the day and reports how the money raised will be spent. People also upload videos of local charity events onto the Internet. - -So, if you are ever in the UK on RND, you will know why you find normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It' s all for a good cause! - -1. Red Nose Day is a famous event in Britain. - -2. Comic Relief aims to help people all over the world. - -3. Richard Curtis is a well-known actor and film director. - -4. Many people wear a red nose on Red Nose Day. - -5. Red Nose Day takes place every year. - -6. Red Nose Day has become an official national holiday. - -7. The funnier people look, the more money they collect. - -8. People give money to Comic Relief in many ways. - -9. Many schools take part in money-raising events on Red Nose Day. - -10. The Red Nose Day telethon has attracted lots of film stars. - -## Those Who Ride on Two Wheels - -In the United States there are six million tennis players and twelve million golfers. These figures would not surprise most people. But many would be surprised to learn that twenty million Americans ride motorcycles (摩托车). Few people realize that motorcycling is fast becoming one of America' s most popular sports. - -According to the Cycle News many kinds of people enjoy motorcycling. They include black people and white people, businessmen, professionals, and blue-collar workers. Among them, about 55% are businessmen, 3% are in the professions and 9% in government service. - -Such information is offered by the Cycle News in the hope of improving the general public' s impression of the sport. The public has tended to believe that all motorcyclists are wild and lawless young men. - -There are several things about motorcycling that the average citizen dislikes. A motorcyclist's appearance has something to do with this dislike. Motorcyclists often look dirty; in fact, they are dirty. On the road, there is little to protect them from mud. For practical reasons, they often dress in old clothing which looks much less respectable than the clothing of people who ride in cars. For the same reason, motorcyclists usually wear dark colors. Perhaps this helps to explain why they are sometimes suspected of having bad natures. - -Probably motorcycles themselves also produce anger and fear. They are noisy, though some trucks are even noisier. But trucks are acceptable because they perform a needed service. - -Motorcycles, on the other hand, make an uncomfortable noise just to give their riders pleasure. Roaring along quiet streets, they wake sleeping families and make babies cry. - -Yet, as motorcycling becomes more and more common, it will be interesting to see how people in general feel about the sport. Perhaps it will someday become as "respectable" as tennis or golf. - -1. According to the text, more and more Americans like - -A. playing tennis - -B. playing golf - -C. motorcycling - -D. car-racing - -12. According to the Cycle News over half of the motorcyclists are - -A. black people - -B. white people - -C. businessmen - -D. professionals - -13. The Cycle News wants to - -A. make motorcyclists lawful citizens - -B. improve the image of motorcycling - -C. persuade people to buy motorcycles - -D. raise the status of blue-collar workers - -14. Motorcyclists usually wear dark colors because - -A. they want to be respectable - -B. they want to be impressive - -C. the colors look different - -D. the colors suit their sport - -15. Some people dislike the motorcycle because it is - -A. noisy - -B. heavy - -C. costly - -D. illegal - -## How to Forgive, Forget and Let Go - -①Forgiving someone does not mean releasing them from an earlier guilt. What if the person who wronged you is not living? What if the person is someone who made you extremely embarrassed during school 20 or 30 years ago? Letting go of emotional pain does not mean that nothing happened; it means that you no longer want to be controlled by it. - -②Recognize that forgiveness is not denial. Whatever caused the pain was a real incident. Denying that it happened means it is too painful to work through the emotions. There is no timeline on forgiveness. Some steps take longer to get through, and it is acceptable to set them aside for a period of time. Part of forgiveness is understanding whether or not someone takes responsibility for what happened, and may even show regret. - -③Understand that not everyone who forgives reconciles with the person who caused the pain. There are relationships that are harmful and even physically dangerous. While it is possible to forgive the past and move beyond it,it may also mean that the person who was involved can no longer play an active role in your life. If a person or situation is not safe, it may be best not to reconcile the relationship now. Work on forgiveness at the time when you are emotionally healthy and physically safe. - -④Make a conscious decision to forgive someone. Even if they never apologize for what happened, determine within yourself that it is fine to proceed without this apology. Apologies should not be asking for forgiveness. Apologies should be offered as an effort of true regret. They should be admitting that taking personal responsibility for the situation is important. Even without that apology, make up your mind to forgive, forget, and eventually let go. - -### Task 1 - -A Forgiving should be at safe time. - -B Forgiving is not to deny what happened. - -C Forgiving is not to free someone from blame. - -D Forgiving can happen without an apology. - -E Forgiving can lead us away from the past hurt. - -### Task 2 - -20. You may forgive someone - -21. There is no fixed time - -22. Even if you've forgiven someone - -23. Don't rush to forgive those - -24. Some people apologize merely - -25. If you expect an apology, - -A you may not become friends - -B to offer forgiveness - -C who are still dangerous to you - -D who wronged you long time ago - -E you may never get rid of emotional pain - -F who only forgive those showing regret - -G for being forgiven - -## Natural Resources - -Throughout history, people have often selected where they want to live based on the natural resources that are available in the area.（26） Some of these resources include water, food sources such as fruits and vegetables, and animals that can be caught or hunted. - -A region's natural resources determine the way of life of its people.（27） On the other hand, poor soil will either send people looking for better places, or attract people with other purposes for the land, such as setting up businesses or factories. - -（28） People who wish to make a living as fishermen can do so by the ocean, but cannot do so in the desert. Desert people have many traditional and unique foods, which cannot be found in the forest. Each area attracts people based on their interests and purposes. - -Areas that have rich water resources will naturally have more people. Traditionally, villages, towns and cities built near water have been the most successful. People there are able to use the water resources to meet their daily needs.（29） Places that are hard to reach, such as high mountains or dry deserts, will have fewer people living in them. - -（30） For too long, people have destroyed natural resources, using up those resources that cannot be easily replaced. On the earth, we are lucky to have many resources that are renewable, such as sun, wind, water, and trees. As more and more focus is placed on the use of renewable resources, it will become easier to protect our planet from further harm - -A. It is easy to find new resources in nature. - -B. Renewable resources are those that can be replaced easily. - -C. While you may not think of oceans as natural resources, they are. - -D. For example, regions with rich soil can support farming societies. - -E. They can also use the water to help them move goods to other areas. - -F. Natural resources are useful to people, and they come from the earth. - -## Business English Helps - - English play an important role in the workplace. When it is used in the correct and proper（31）, it can help to promote a career or a business. Some may（32） or want to study business English（33） they start their careers. Those who are already working have the（34） to see what they can and cannot do（35） in English in their current job. - - Business English provides you with valuable skills needed for your work. For example, you will learn（36） to negotiate. Being able to deal with a（37） and knowing how to bargain and（38） an agreement can make a（39） difference to the outcome. - - Business English learning encourages professional and efficient communication, and promotes service to customers and business partners,（40） is a great advantage for any business. - -A. big B. need -C. what D. before -E. reach F. which -G. conflict H. effectively -I. way J. how -K. small L. opportunity - -## Silent Listening - -If something bad just happened (happen) to your friend, what would you do? Would you mention it to him and say you feel sorry about it? Would you offer support or advice? According to Ruth Clark, such（41）(treat) could mean well, but it might not be what he（42） (real) wants or needs. - -Clark asked some college students to imagine some（43） (pleasant) situations, e.g. , a low exam grade or the dad"s（44） (lose) of his job. The student were then（45） (ask) how they would like to be treated by a friend who learned of the bad situation from someone else. The results were a little（46） (surprise). Some said they would want and expect their friend to mention the （47） (annoy) situation, but most of the students in the study（48） (respond) that they would like the friend not to do it. The students made the（49） (decide) for themselves whether to discuss their problem with a friend. So, there is value in being a silent（50） (listen) around a troubled friend. - -## 某英文报社正在举行题为"Fight against Haze(雾霾)"的征文活动 - -请你就此题目写一篇英文短文应征, 内容包括: - -- 雾霾会造成哪些危害。 -- 我们可以采取哪些对措施。 - -## answers - -一 ABCAB BCAAC - -二 CCBDA - -五 IBDLH JGEAF - -41. treatment (treat) -42. really (real) -43. unpleasant (pleasant) -44. loss (lose) -45. asked (ask) -46. surprising (surprise) -47. annoying (annoy) -48. responded (respond) -49. decision (decide) -50. listener (listen) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2016-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2016-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0681898..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2016-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -# 2016-10 - -## Being "Cool" in Middle School - -A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the "Cool" kids will. - -The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having "cool" behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as "cool" and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool" kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships. - -The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called "cool" behavior is a predictor( 预 示 ) of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drug and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friends, that is not a cause for concern. Many "uncool" kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do. - -1. Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up. - -2. "Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior. - -3. Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers. - -4. "Uncool" kids are more likely to commit crimes. - -5. "Cool" kids have better life skills than "uncool" kids. - -6. "Uncool" kids spend most of their time studying. - -7. The study followed the students for a decade. - -8. "Cool" kids marry earlier than "uncool" kids. - -9. Parents needn't worry if their kids are "uncool". - -10. "Cool" kids remain popular all their lives. - -## 二 - -It is estimated that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants as we know have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. There was nowhere in which a server brought you food and drink that you chose from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere. - -There were places where travelers could eat centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were bars where one could get a drink. The rich could also eat meals supplied by private cooks. But there was nothing that could be called a "restaurant". - -A Frenchman changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups. On his sign, he used the ten "restaurants" to describe what he was selling. Soups were considered "restorative", so he called them "restaurants". Finally, people started buying his soups even when not ill. And as time went on, people began to use the term "restaurant" to refer to the place where soup was sold rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened up in France, and people began to buy soups more regularly. - -Then, restaurants in Paris began to serve food other than soups. In the 1780s, menus started to appear. By the 1800s, there were many types of restaurants, and the restaurant concept was spread throughout the British Empire. - -A slow start gave way to rapid growth. Cities and towns around the world are filled with restaurants today. It is estimated that there are l. 6 million restaurants in Europe. In America, there are nearly a half million restaurants. Today, diners have millions of choices. - -11. Before 1765, travelers could have meals at a(n) - -A. bar - -B. inn - -C. restaurant - -D. canteen - -12. The first "restaurant" only served - -A. soups - -B. desserts - -C. drinks - -D. fruits - -13. The word "restorative" (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means - -A. having a special flavor - -B. making you happier - -C. having a pleasant smell - -D. making you healthier - -14. The restaurant concept started in - -A. America - -B. Britain - -C. Germany - -D. France - -15. The best title for this text is - -A. Definition of Restaurant - -B. Importance of Restaurant - -C. Original of Restaurant - -D. Types of Restaurant - -## How to Perfect the Art of Public Speaking - -If you want to become the type of speaker you've always wanted to be, read the following suggestions: - -①You can't go from a nervous speaker to a star speaker overnight. You shouldn't expect to. Give yourself time to get used to a large audience. Start with smaller groups and get as much feedback as you can. Keep on practicing and developing your skill. - -②Be familiar with your speech materials. That doesn't mean memorizing your speech, which can lack enthusiasm and naturalness. Know your key talking points, supporting details and ways to move from one point to the next. - -③Positive energy can be passed. If you're excited and enthusiastic, your audience will be, too. You'll be surprised at the positive cycle that creates: An enthusiastic audience can add even more energy to you. Use hand gestures. When appropriate, smile, smile, smile. - -④Find friendly, interested faces in the audience and speak to them. Look into their eyes. It helps prevent you from staring off into the distance or reading from notes. It also helps make you feel like you are talking in a conversation rather than speaking to a group. - -⑤When you look great, you feel great. That makes you confident. Looking great doesn't mean wearing new clothes. It means wearing clothes and shoes you feel comfortable and appropriate to the setting. You can't go wrong with business suit. Simple is fine, but you should look clean from head to toe. - -### Task 1 - -A Be enthusiastic - -B Know your materials - -C Make eye contact - -D Know your audience - -E Improve gradually - -F Dress appropriately - -### Task2 - -16. Feedback helps speakers - -17. Memorizing materials may lead to - -18. Hand gestures and smiles help create - -19. Looking into the eyes of the audience helps - -20. Wearing right clothes may - -A lack of enthusiasm - -B make you look great - -C a positive atmosphere - -D improve their speaking skills - -E stop you from reading your notes - -F become a good listener - -## Remaining Active - -Our body is an amazing object, (26)If you are inactive most of the time, your body will quickly become tired when it should be active. But if you are very active, your body will get used to the hard work, and the work will become easier for you to do. - -Physical activity can help people remain active and stay healthy. (27)It also helps people sleep better. This is why active student don"t complain about being tired. They have a good night"s sleep and have the energy to study hard and have fun every day. - -Physical activity also makes people look and feel good. Activity burns more calories(卡路里)than just sitting. (28)In addition, regular exercise can make your muscles and bones stronger. - -There are many factors to look at when you select a new physical activity. The most important is to choose something you enjoy. If you like jumping rope, that is the activity you should do. (29)In fact, two days of basketball, three days of swimming, and two days of bicycling can be more fun than jogging every day. - -(30)Some skills will improve with practice while others may always be difficult for you. If you enjoy an activity, feel free to do it. No one cares whether you can do it well or not, and you don"t need to care about it either. - -Whatever activity you choose, remain active. It can make you physically fit and healthy for life. - -A. But you don't have to do the same thing every day. - -B. Different activities need different skills. - -C. You may prefer to participate in team activities. - -D. It helps the body fight off illness. - -E. The more you ask of it, the more it can do. - -F. It is very important to keep a healthy weight - -## Positive Attitude towards Failure - -I clearly remember a period during which I felt like a failure. But what I(31)learned was that failing at one thing is not failing at all things. And, in fact, failure is a(32)part of growth. Life is filled with trial and(33). In order to walk the path to(34), you need to make some(35)turns along the way. What I learned was to "fail forward", to(36)each mistake to make myself better. One of the(37)problems people have with failure is that they are too quick to judge isolated(38)in their lives and label them as failures. (39), they need to keep the bigger picture in mind. A successful baseball player doesn"t(40)at a mistake he makes and think of failure. He sees it within the context of the bigger picture. - -A．error B．use -C．eventually D．graceful -E．necessary F．situations -G．Firstly H．wrong -I．Instead J．success -K．greatest L．look - -## Self-reliance(自立) - -Everyone has heard (hear) the word "self-reliance". Emerson wrote a(41) (fame) essay about it. He felt that people should trust in their own(42) (able). They should think and act for themselves. Like many such(43) (term), this one had no real meaning for me until it was(44) (demonstrate) to me in real life. - -Last year I met a blind girl(45) (name) Gail. She was(46) (extreme) slender and weak, but she always insisted on(47) (find) her way around the school by herself. When she(48) (sit) in a room with several of us, there was sometimes a(n)(49) (easy) silence, because we thought she might resent our acting too cheerful and thoughtless in her(50)(present). On such occasions, she would say something casual or show us how fast she could write. She never asked for anyone"s pity. She truly relied on herself. - -## 某英文报社正在举办题为"Watching Movies at Home or in a Cinema"的征文活动 - -请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征, 内容包括 - -- (1)你喜欢在家还是在电影院看电影。 -- (2)理由是什么。 - -## answers - -一 BAABB CACAB - -二 BADDC - -五 CEAJH BKFIL - -41. famous (fame) -42. ability (able) -43. terms (term) -44. demonstrated (demonstrate) -45. named (name) -46. extremely (extreme) -47. finding (find) -48. sat (sit) -49. uneasy (easy) -50. presence (present) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2017-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2017-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 361a859..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2017-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,214 +0,0 @@ -# 2017-04 - -## The Thinking Habit That Changed My Life - -I remember one evening three years ago, when my life was very different. I was overweight. I was deeply in debt. I was a smoker. I felt hopeless and helpless. I couldn't change anything. - -Then I looked up at the sky and thought what a miracle life is. And I resolved to list the good things in my life. I had a wonderful wife. I had five amazing children. I could see and appreciate the beauty of the world around me. The list went on, but you get the idea. Even when things seemed terrible for me, actually I was OK. - -That night I resolved to be grateful for what I had, and for the people in my life. I started the habit of gratitude. Now many people consider it unimportant. I'm here to tell you that it's very important. It changes lives. - -Now I appreciate my wife Eva more. I feel good about having her in my life. And we have deepened our relationship. I also appreciate my kids more. Instead of criticizing them, I tend to notice their loveliness, curiosity and humor. I'm kinder to others around me, at work and everywhere else, because instead of seeing the faults in everyone, I see the good, and am grateful for them. I need less, because instead of thinking about what I don't have, I am grateful for what I do have. Each and every moment becomes cause for gratitude, and life becomes easier. - -Without the habit of gratitude, we tend to complain and see the bad in people and things. We can't change that at once, but you can do something. For example, you can start with a small action. Really feel the happiness that something or someone is in your life, or take a moment to make a list of the things in your life that you're thankful for. - -1. I was unhappy with my life three years ago. -2. I drank every day and couldn't stop it. -3. I was unable to support my family. -4. One evening I came to a new understanding of my life. -5. Many people value the habit of gratitude nowadays. -6. Now I have a closer relationship with my wife. -7. I am now more strict with my kids. -8. I like making friends with people around me. -9. I now try to see the good in others. -10.A small action doesn't work to change one's bad habit. - -## Dog Training - -Dog training is a must for all dogs. It is more than just telling your dog to stop doing what he's doing; it is the process of teaching a dog to exhibit certain desired behaviors in specific circumstances. Proper dog training is not a "quick fix" ---it is an ongoing process. - -Dog training also involves teaching the owner. Going through dog training is something that every dog owner should do. It is like going to school over again. It is all about communication, and you need to learn to communicate with your dog. - -Training your dog to "sit" is probably the first thing you will train your dog to do. When you want your dog to sit, hold a treat above his head and say "sit". As the dog sits, say "sit" again and then immediately give him the treat. Your dog should drop into a "sit" position in order to reach the food. - -Teaching your dog to fetch promotes bonding. To do this, first throw a ball, and give the command "fetch". As he starts to run towards it, yell "fetch" again. Instead of a ball, you may use the object your dog loves most. Do not play fetch with heavy items or sticks, however, as this can damage the dog's teeth or injure the dog. - -A well-trained dog should remain where his owner commands, so "stay" is an important command in dog training as well. Since it is more involved, that will be the subject of another article. - -Dog training is a very physical activity, so be prepared to be tired. And dog training is never without risk of injury, especially with more aggressive dogs. One major mistake many dog owners make is to think that the dog training is over. Training your dog continues throughout your dog's life. - -11. What does the author say about dog training? - -A. It requires professional guidance. - -B. It is necessary for every dog. - -C. It gives dogs good exercise. - -D. It is an easy job for trainers. - -12. What is the most important thing for dog trainers to do? - -A. Learn to communicate with dogs. - -B. Give dogs timely encouragement. - -C. Create right circumstances for dogs. - -D. Teach dogs desired behaviors. - -13. Dog trainers usually train their dogs first to - -A. Jump - -B. stay - -C. fetch - -D.sit - -14. To train dogs to fetch, trainers often start with a - -A. stick - -B. ball - -C. treat - -D. trick - -15. Many dog owners tend to think that dog training - -A. can be dangerous - -B. costs much money - -C. takes a short time - -D. can be very tiring - -## Ancient Greek Values - -①Ancient Greek civilization has greatly helped the building of today's society. Many countries now still base their laws and ethics ( 伦 理 ) on the teachings and doings of ancient Greeks. In everyday life, ancient Greeks valued loyalty, glory, intelligence and hospitality (好客).These may seem simple values, but they did effectively shape ancient Greece into a most referenced culture in history. - -②During ancient Greece, men were required to go to school and learn. Boys were taught at home until they were 6 years old and then sent off to school, Ancient Greek schools featured a structure that had boys in school from the age of six until fourteen and then an optional additional four years. The boys were trained in arts and in citizen training. Citizen training prepared Greek boys for two aspects of adult life, which were peace and war. - -③Glory for young men in ancient Greece was the same as fame to young people today. Stories of war glories and battles were handed down to young men so that they desired to make their names along with the victory of a battle. - -④Helping your fellow man was an important aspect of life in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks were kind and generous. They offered food, shelter and protection travelers without question. They believed that helping others was their brotherly duty. - -⑤Loyalty is perhaps the most important value of ancient Greek civilization. It was stressed in everything the Greeks did. They believed in loyalty to the family, the community and most importantly to the gods. The gods of ancient Greece often sent tests to citizens. Keeping faith through the tests was a sign of loyalty and belief. - -### Task 1 - -A. Education in ancient Greece - -B. Friendliness of ancient Greeks - -C. Wars in ancient Greece - -D. Impact of ancient Greece value - -E. Top value of ancient Greece - -F. Sense of honor of ancient Greece - -### Task 2 - -21. Ancient Greek values arc held - -22. Young men in ancient Greece were required - -23. Young Greeks had a strong desire - -24. Ancient Greeks saw it as a duty - -25. Ancient Greeks stressed loyalty - -A. to go to school - -B. in many countries - -C. to achieve honor - -D. in whatever they did - -E. to study law - -F. to help others - -## The Power of Positive Thinking - -　　Human emotion is one of those factors that cannot be defined exactly. The reason is that it is quite uncertain. We cannot change the feelings that are roused when we experience different things. (26) Some people forget that they are in control. They make their choices based on their emotions. They experience failure and loss and let their emotions rule their decisions. They are trapped in their sadness and thus, experience more failure. - -Some people say they need a lucky break to recover from their failures. (27) They need to get over their failures on their own. But how do they do that? The answer is: positive thinking. - -People often fail to realize the power of positive thinking. (28) They fail to realize that they only need to overcome their fears in order to truly succeed in life. They just have too much pride and are blinded of their own shortcomings. - -The power of positive thinking lies in belief. (29) You make the decisions that affect your life. You may not be able to change your environment, but you are able to change the way you react to it. - -The power of positive thinking lies beyond false courage. You need to take another look at the world around you. (30) You can't rest on your success, or foolish pride will cause you to make wrong decisions. - -A. They fail to realize that their worst enemy lies within themselves. - -B. However, we must always remember that we can control our reactions. - -C. You can't just take a look at your failures, or you will lose hope. - -D. We can benefit a lot from positive thinking. - -E. However, life rarely gives people a break. - -F. You need to believe that you are in control - -## Meet Famous People in London - -　　Many people like to see famous people. But famous people don't( 31) like to be looked at. At least, they don't like to be looked at all day every day! However, there is one (32) in England where you can look at lots of famous people every day. That is Madame Tussaud's, the most popular (33 )attraction in London. - -On most days of the year, (34) of visitors can be seen outside Madame Tussaud's. They want to (35) in and see some of the most famous people in the world. If you like, you can (36 )to those film stars, sports stars or politicians in Madame Tussaud's, but they won't (37 )anything to you, because they can't! Madame Tussaud's is a waxworks(蜡像馆), and the"famous people"in the building are made out of wax. But, this doesn't( 38 )to be a problem. Ordinary people like looking at (39) people, even if they are only( 40 ). It's better than nothing! - -A. seem -B. give -C. place -D. talk -E. statues -F. tourist -G. extraordinary -H. liens -I. get -J. rarely -K. say -L. usually - -## Don't Be Afraid of Making Mistakes - -　　Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes (mistake). They fear that they will be ridiculed or (41) (blame) by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be under a lot of stress. But risks are (42) (actual) unavoidable and they do pave the way towards success. Have you ever (43) (hear) of someone who achieves success without making any mistakes before? - -So it is (44 )(nature) that making mistakes in your effort to reach your dreams is (45) (consider) a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of (46) (advantage) out of your mistakes. By making mistakes you then can distinguish between the correct and the (47) (correct) portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed, you must fail, so that you know what to do the next time. "And Robert Louis Stevenson even (48 )(go) to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good( 49) (spirit)." You needn't worry about anything as long as you keep on going by( 50) (wise) learning from your mistakes and trying even harder. - -## 假设你暑假参加了你所在社区组织的义工(volunteer)活动 - -请给你的美国朋友Tom写一封英文电子邮件,与他分享你的感想,内容包括: - -- 你做了什么义工工作 -- 你认为做义工的意义是什么 -- 请以Li Ke署名 - -## answers - -一 ACCAB ABCAB - -二 BADBC - -五 LCFHI DKAGE - -41. blamed (blame) -42. actually (actual) -43. heard (hear) -44. natural (nature) -45. considered (consider) -46. advantages (advantage) -47. incorrect (correct) -48. went (go) -49. spirits (spirit) -50. wisely (wise) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2017-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2017-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ef128e..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2017-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,228 +0,0 @@ -# 2017-10 - -## My Writing Teacher - -English writing was always easy for me, but that changed on the first day I walked into Mrs. Johnson's class. Before that, I'd heard rumors from former students. They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass. So I was very nervous. - -The first time we met, Mrs. Johnson told us her class would be difficult, but she would give us new "tools" and guide us through. She explained that her grading system was different, and that we would not see high scores soon. "Everything you do in class matters," she said. "As writing is an art, it takes a long time to perfect." - -Mrs. Johnson scared me. I was afraid of what she would say if I asked a question. So in class I kept silent most of the time and couldn't follow her. When I got my first essay back, my grade was terrible. I was annoyed with Mrs. Johnson. I disliked going to her class. - -Then I realized I needed to find out what I could do to improve my grade and how to use the "tools" in my writing. As I still didn't dare to talk to Mrs. Johnson in person, I e-mailed her. In this way, she and I worked together to improve my writing. By and by, I could talk to her both online and in person. She walked me through every step to understand how to write an essay. Together we saw improvement in my work. - -From this I discovered that asking for help could actually work. Behind everything Mrs. Johnson was saying, she actually cared about me and where I would be in the future. She knocked me down so that I could climb back stronger. - -1. I was worried when I was in Mrs. Johnson's first class. - -2. Mrs. Johnson used the same grading system as other teachers. - -3. Mrs. Johnson regards writing as an art. - -4. I was active in class in the beginning. - -5. Most students enjoyed Mrs. Johnson' s class. - -6. I got a high score for my first essay. - -7. Mrs. Johnson preferred to email students. - -8. Mrs. Johnson let me improve my writing by myself. - -9. I finally became a top student in the writing class. - -10. Mrs. Johnson cared about my future. - -## The Kilt - -Whenever people from Scotland live in foreign countries, they are always asked: "Is Scotland that place where men wear skirts?" The short answer is yes, but there is more about the myths of Scottish" skirts. - -The "skirt" that Scotsmen (苏格兰男子) sometimes wear is called a kilt. It is part of the traditional dress of Scotland. The kilt is clearly very famous across the world. It seems that everybody has heard of it, and that most people have seen a picture of a man wearing one. - -People' s knowledge and ideas about Scotsmen wearing these funny kilts come from films and television. Every time people from other countries ask about the kilt, they mention Mel Gibson's film, Braveheart. In many countries, there are television programs about Scotland. These programs always include information or images of men in kilts. - -Of course, in Scotland, you will often see the kilt. The reality is, though, that you will most commonly see it in tourist areas. The main streets and tourist areas of Scotland always have a Scotsman wearing a kilt and all tourist shops in the country sell kilts in different colors. - -But kilts are not something that Scottish people see every day. Kilts are for special occasions, such as weddings, funerals and other big and important events. Scotsmen do not put on their kilt just to buy a bottle of milk and a loaf of bread at the local supermarket. - -The reason for this may be that kilts are very expensive. When a man wears a kilt, he normally wears it with a special shirt, jacket, socks and shoes. This is obviously not cheap. In fact, an average kilt outfit (全套服装) costs around £500. - -11. According to the text, Scotsmen - -A. like foreign culture - -B. sometimes wear kilts - -C. enjoy talking about kilts - -D. often visit foreign countries - -12. Mel Gibson is probably a - -A. painter - -B. musician - -C. movie star - -D. fashion designer - -13. In Scotland, kilts are more often seen - -A. in tourist shops - -B. in public schools - -C. on the stage - -D. at local markets - -14. People do not wear kilts every day probably because of their - -A. funny designs - -B. dull colors - -C. poor quality - -D. high prices - -15. This text is mainly about the - -A. history of kilts - -B. production of kilts - -C. myths of kilts - -D. styles of kilts - -## A Fighting Lady - -① Deborah Sampson was born in 1760. There were many children in her family and they were poor. When Deborah was just a young girl, her father left and went off to sea. Being in poor health, her mother could not care for her children. So she sent them to live with different relatives, hoping these people would take care of her children. - -② Young Deborah, less than seven years old, had to work for a farmer. On the farm, she learned to ride and hunt. She did housework as well. Life was difficult, but Deborah worked hard and grew strong. The farmer had ten sons, and Deborah helped to take care of them. In the evening, she had the boys talk about their lessons with her. By this she learned what they learned. She also borrowed their school books to read every night. When she was 18, Deborah became a teacher. - -③Soon after she started her new career, the American revolution began. She wanted to fight for her country, but women could not be soldiers at that time. Deborah had a plan. She was tall for a woman of that time. She made herself a man's suit and secretly practiced walking and talking like a man. Finally, she joined the army using the name Robert. - -④"Robert" was a brave soldier. He fought with courage in every battle, and other soldiers respected him. They never suspected that their fellow soldier was a woman. Once he caught a fever and had to go to the hospital. There a doctor found out that Robert was actually a woman. Deborah then had to leave the army but she was not punished. Some people said she even met General George Washington before she left. - -⑤Later, Deborah married a farmer and had three children. She taught in school and gave lectures about her time in the army till retirement. Deborah died at the age of 66. She was a true American hero. - -### Task 1 - -A. Deborah's marriage. - -B. Deborah's life on the farm. - -C. Deborah's life after leaving the army. - -D. Deborah's military life. - -E. Deborah's joining the army. - -F. Deborah's family background - -### Task 2 - -21. Deborah was sent to others home because - -22. Deborah became a teacher by - -23. Deborah went into the army by - -24. Deborah left the army after - -25. Deborah was a hero - -A. teaching herself on the farm - -B. for her unusual courage - -C. a doctor discovered her secret - -D. her family couldn't support her - -E. dressing and behaving like a man - -F. for her excellent teaching - -## My Major Problem - -Decision-making is: something I struggle with. In fact, I'd rather have someone else make decisions for me. - -As I sat in a crowded information session(咨询会) at a college last summer,I was again faced with the pressure of making a decision.( 26 )He then asked each of us to give our intended major. I looked at my mother with panic. "A major?"I said. "I can't even decide what socks to wear to school!" - -I wanted to say I was undecided. But as my turn to speak approached, my confidence decreased. (27) I watched the girl in front of me. She was searching for some obscure(鲜为人知的) major. I realized I couldn' t just say undecided. So, when my turn came, I uneasily said, "I want to major in business." I could feel "liar" written all over my face. - -(28) I felt ashamed. "Why couldn't I have said that?" I thought. The admissions adviser even said that a lot of people are uncertain. That is why students have to decide until the end of the second year. - -I have no idea what I want to do with my life. All I know is that I don,t want to do anything that involves blood.( 29) This isn't really narrowing it down. I've been told many people start college with one major, and graduate with a degree in something totally different. - -After my experience at the information session, I've learned not to be afraid of saying I'm"undecided. "I know now that I am not the only one uncertain about future studies. I'm still experiencing a"major"problem. (30) - -A. Everyone before me had declared a major. - -B. So I've narrowed my list down to anything but medicine. - -C. The admissions officer asked us to introduce ourselves briefly. - -D. In the end, only one brave person said she was undecided. - -E. Admissions advisors help you to make decisions. - -F. However, I'm confident I'll find a solution. - -## Choosing Friends - -　　In our daily life, it's nice to have friends. While family is (31) important, friends are a different support system of your choosing. As the 32 goes, "You can't choose your family, but you can choose your friends. "Choosing them wisely can (33) your life more exciting and inspiring. - -Deciding whom you choose as your friends says as much about you as it does them. You may choose your friends (34) on similar interests. You may choose them because you're opposites of each other and find this interesting. Often, friends become "friends" because they are naturally attracted towards each other due to (35) personalities. Sometimes it's just circumstances that bring two individuals together who then become friends. - -Whatever prompts a friendship, developing one is a very (36 )experience. This is especially true when, before you know it, a certain (37) turns into a unique lifelong close friendship. again, it's been said that a person (38) has only a couple of very close friends in their life. Think of whom you (39) as truly close friends. These are those few individuals you can (40 )and share deep thoughts and concerns with. - -A. saying -B. make -C.normally -D. similar -E. trust -F. relied -G. consider -H. relationship -I. speech -J. rewarding -K. based -L. extremely - -## Bats - -　　Many people think bats look frightening (frighten). But research has (41 )(show) us that bats are kind animals. The way they live (42) (provide) a great deal of help to humans and other (43) (live) things. - -Bats are gentle and loving. Mother bats sleep with their wings around their (44) (baby) to protect them, and will move them to (45) (safe) if they seem to be( 46) (threaten) in any way. Just like other animals, adult bats help their children find (47) (suit) food to eat. - -Bats are (48) (help), too. Some bats eat insects. Just one brown bat can eat (49) (near) 600 insects in one hour! Besides, many species are even dependent on bats for their (50) (survive). Therefore, bats are really friendly animals! - -## 某英文报社正在举办题为 "Exercise Every Day" 的征文活动 - -请就此题目写—篇英文短文应征,内容包括 - -- 坚持锻炼有哪些好处 -- 你能否坚持每天锻炼 - -## answers - -一 ABABC BCBCA - -二 BCADC - -五 LABKD JHCGE - -41. shown/showed (show) -42. provides (provide) -43. living (live) -44. babies (baby) -45. safety (safe) -46. threatened (threaten) -47. suitable (suit) -48. helpful (help) -49. nearly (near) -50. survival (survive) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2018-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2018-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index da9cb63..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2018-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,205 +0,0 @@ -# 2018-04 - -## Life on the Farm - -Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. - -Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and most efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. - -In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. - -Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. - -The main change in modem farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm . Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. - -1. Factory farms now produce most of the products. -2. Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. -3. Small family farms find it hard to survive. -4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming. -5. Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming. -6. Most farmers cannot afford new machines. -7. Modern farmers do not have to work hard. -8. New technologies have not changed farm management. -9. There are fewer and fewer family-run farms now. -10. Modern farms are hiring workers from cities. - -## Christmas Gift - -Mary didn't know what to send to her grandparents for Christmas. It was always hard to choose a good Christmas present for them. They didn't need much, and it was hard for her to be creative every year. - -One year, she sent them a big wooden elephant. It sat on the counter for a year, but then it disappeared, probably into a closet somewhere. Another year, she made handmade soaps with nice smells, but they probably weren't any better than store-bought soaps. Last year, she sent lots of nice pictures of herself in frames, but grandparents' house was small, and they couldn't hang up very many. - -This year, she decided on fruit. She lived where it was warm and there was lots of nice fruit. Her grandparents lived up north, where it was colder and they couldn't get fresh fruit all year, or at least not oranges and grapefruit. Fresh fruit was healthy for her grandparents, too. - -Mary went to a fruit store and sampled the red oranges. She really liked them and bought a kilogram. Then she tried three kinds of grapefruit. The white ones were sour. The star grapefruit were interesting, but the dark red grapefruit were great. So she got a kilogram. - -Mary carefully packed the fruit in a box to keep them safe and dry in case one got smashed and its juice got everywhere. Then she wrote the address on the box and mailed it from the store. She felt happy with what she bought. - -A few days later, Mary got a phone call from her grandparents, thanking her for the lovely fruit. They said it was a healthy, tasty, and very thoughtful gift. Mary had never felt so good before. - -11. Mary was troubled because she - -A. had no idea for a holiday gift - -B. was not creative in her work - -C. could not afford Christmas gifts - -D. found her grandma hard to please - -12. What did Mary send her grandparents last year? - -A. A wooden elephant. - -B. Handmade soaps. - -C. Her own pictures. - -D. A store-bought closet. - -13. In selecting the gifts, Mary was - -A. excited - -B. impatient - -C. exhausted - -D. thoughtful - -14. Which of the following did Mary buy for her grandparents this year? - -A. Yellow oranges. - -B. Dark red grapefruit. - -C. White grapefruit. - -D. Star grapefruit. - -15. Mary's grandparents - -A. loved her gift - -B. sent her a card - -C. wrote her a letter - -D. put her gift away - -## Team Work in Sports - -① Teams that win in team sports are often those that work well together. Learning to cooperate with others towards a common goal in sports is what builds character, friendship and important life skills for players. - -② Working towards a common goal will keep the team firmly together. Entering into a new season in sports, you might only know a few of the players on your team. Some of the players may be people you do not like. But when your team decides to be the winner of the season, personal differences are often set aside for the common good of the team. By the end of the season, players who have fought through the whole season may become good friends, much like brothers. - -③ For kids and young adults, team sports offer a way for them to get out and meet with friends. This can help them avoid spending too much time at home watching television and playing video games. Team work teaches people how to help each other and encourage each other. It can also give players a greater respect for one another and can build friendships that last a lifetime. - -④ Team work in sports offers a way for people to compete for something together. It is important to know that winning is not everything in sports and healthy competition can be good for people. Working towards a goal can teach people the value of hard work, commitment and devotion. Team sports are a great way to learn these values. - -⑤ Team work in sports can help young people develop stronger communication skills. As every member must work for the same goal, they learn how to work with one another successfully. - -### Task 1 - -A. The common goal. - -B. Healthy competition. - -C. Team cooperation. - -D. Exercising and friendship. - -E. Problems between team members. - -F. Building communication skills. - -### Task 2 - -21. Cooperation in team sports helps build - -22. When your team decides to win the season, you set aside - -23. In team sports, kids learn to - -24. In team sports, people learn the value of - -25. A long-lasting friendship can be built - -A. set a goal - -B. character - -C. help each other - -D. in team sports - -E. your personal differences - -F. hard work and devotion - -## Home schooling vs School - -Many kids find it hard to concentrate in school. Classmates, bells, and even cheerful decorations is school can make it hard for some children to concentrate. 26 - -In some schools, conditions are bad for children's safety and health. 27 Homeschooling parents can control their children's environment to make sure it is safe and healthy. - -When students sit in a classroom surrounded by classmates, under the tight control of adults, they find it very hard to function in a normal. Homeschooling children don't have to stay in the school. 28 They can interact with people in familiar situations, and they feel they can interact with people as adults. - -School bullying(以强欺弱) is a serious problem. 29 Although schools are starting to deal with this problem, many kids are still afraid of going to school. Homeschooling kids can choose who they associate with and walk away from an uncomfortable situation. - -Schools are cutting field trips. 30 On the contrary, homeschooling can move outdoors, to the beach or the zoo. For homeschooling families, the whole world is a classroom. Learning takes place everywhere and it never ends. - -A. Instead, they are out in the community. - -B. In this case, homeschooling offers fewer interruptions. - -C. Children usually sit at desks or around the kitchen tables. - -D. Some children do not treat their classmates appropriately. - -E. Many students go to class in old or poorly-designed building. - -F. Even a short trip to the countryside is controversial in some places. - -## Planting Potatoes - -　　When I was a boy we had several gardens around our old house. The largest one of all was used just for growing potatoes. I can still remember those potato planting days. All the family (31 )helped. After my Dad had( 32) the soil, my Mom, brothers, and I went to work. It was my (33 )to drop the little seed potatoes in the (34) while my Mom dropped handfuls of fertilizer beside them. My brothers then covered them all with the (35) turned earth. For months (36) I would glance over at the garden while I played outside and wonder what was going on underneath the (37) . When the harvest time came I was amazed at the huge size of the potatoes my Dad (38 )out of the soil. Those little seed potatoes had grown into big potatoes. They would be turned into meal after meal of (39) food. They would keep the (40 )family well fed throughout the whole year. It truly was a miracle. - -A. true E. delicious I. freshly - -B. ground F. prepared J. entire - -C. members G. rows K. tools - -D. job H. afterward L. pulled - -## Workplace English Learning - -　　English plays (play) an important role in the workplace. When (41) (use) correctly and appropriately, it will be (42) (help) in developing a career or a business. Some may need or want to study business English before they start their (43) (career). Those who are already (44) (work) have the opportunity to see what they can and cannot do (45) (effective) with English in their current job. A (46 )(value) skill to have in business is how to negotiate. You need to know what you want, as well as how to bargain and make concessions(让步), Being able to deal with a conflict and (47 )(know) how to end negotiations can make a big (48) (different) to the outcome. Workplace English learning will encourage (49 )(profession) and efficient communication. It can better serve customers, business partners and (50) (supplier), and it will be a positive push for any business. - -## 假设你将举办一次周末小聚会，准备邀请你的英国朋友Tom参加 - -请给他写一封英文电子邮件，内容包括 - -- 活动主题：为Lucy举办生日晚会 -- 时间、地点 -- 询问Tom能否参加请以Li Ke署名 - -## answers - -一 ACAAB CBBAC - -二 ACDBA - -五 CFDGI HBLEJ - -41. used (use) -42. helpful (help) -43. careers (career) -44. working (work) -45. effectivly (effective) -46. valuable (value) -47. knowing (know) -48. difference (different) -49. professional (profession) -50. suppliers (supplier) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2018-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2018-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8b90a0e..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2018-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -# 2018-10 - -## The British Summer - -　　Britain is well known for its rainy climate. People joke that even in the summer time the country never gets any sun and that the skies stay disappointingly grey even during the months of July and August. - -　　Last summer though, it was so hot that people could hardly believe it. British people weren't used to such high temperatures, so every day on the news there were stories about people struggling to work in such unusual weather conditions. Radio and television programmes also reminded everyone to drink more water and not to stay too long in the sun. - -　　When the sun comes out, British people tend to spend time in their garden if they have one. It's common to invite friends and neighbours around for a barbecue, where everyone sits outside and eats food like grilled meat(烤肉) and salads. There's always a back-up plan in case of rain though, and the meal sometimes has to be cooked in the kitchen and eaten indoors. - -　　People also spend a lot of time in parks during the summer, having picnics or playing sports. In every green area, there's always at least one ice cream van, a kind of car that plays children's music and sells ice creams. - -　　Towns like Blackpool and Brighton are popular for their beaches and amusement arcades(游乐场). People go there to swim, sunbathe and eat fish and chips. The water can be quite cold, though, and that's why quite a lot of people prefer to go abroad for their summer holiday instead. Popular destinations include Spain, Germany and France: all countries that promise a lot of sunshine! - -1. There is little sunshine in Britain in summer. -2. British people like to tell jokes about each other. -3. It was unusually hot last summer in Britain. -4. British people enjoyed the high temperatures of last summer. -5. The media advised people to enjoy the sunshine. -6. Most British people have a garden of their own. -7. People having a barbecue often have a plan against the rain. -8. Children like the music from the ice cream vans. -9. Blackpool and Brighton are known for their beaches. -10. People go to Spain in summer to enjoy the cooler sea water. - -## Horse Talk - -　　Do you know horses talk? You can learn to understand "horse talk" if you pay close attention to them. - -　　When horses live in the wild, other animals try to eat them, so a lot of horse talk is about staying alive. Even now, when most horses live on farms, they watch for danger. For this reason, never walk behind a horse. If you surprise it, the horse might mistake you for a lion or wolf and give a dangerous kick. - -　　By watching the ears, you can get clues to what the horse is hearing. A horse can turn each ear in a different direction. For a wild horse, this skill is important for survival. The horse can hear something creeping up behind it while also checking out a threatening noise in front. When a horse lets its ears down, it's feeling safe and relaxed. Though these actions may be natural responses and not deliberate communications, they help you know what the horse is thinking. - -　　Sometimes horses can send definite messages. For example, they know they are safer when they' re with other horses. If they become isolated, they "whinny(嘶鸣)", calling for company. They're saying, "Where are you? I'm over here!" Domestic horses use the same sounds to stay in touch with other horses. - -　　If a horse snorts(打响鼻儿), it's not communicating anything. It's just clearing dust or grass seed out of its nose. But if it snorts while holding its head high and staring at something, it's saying, "That looks dangerous. Get ready to run!" When two horses meet, they put their noses together and smell each other's breath. It's their way of asking, "Are you a friend?" Horses also "blow", breathing out the air loudly through the nose, when they meet something strange. They are asking, "Is this safe?" - -　　Horses have a language of their own. Now you know a bit of what they might be saying! - -11. Horses in the wild "talk" mainly to - -A. stay alive - -B. make friends - -C. find food - -D. keep awake - -12. It is dangerous to - -A. touch a horse' s ears - -B. ride a horse on farms - -C. surprise a horse from behind - -D. stare at a horse from front - -13. A horse' s ears are special because they can - -A. send messages - -B. turn to different directions - -C. sense temperatures - -D. clear out the dust - -14. When a horse's ears are down, we know that it is - -A. isolated - -B. relaxed - -C. angry - -D. anxious - -15. From the text, we know that horses - -A. are dangerous animals - -B. can hardly survive in the wild - -C. prefer to stay in groups - -D. have different language systems - -## Hawaii, the Aloha State - -　　①Hawaii is sometimes called "the Aloha State". Aloha is a word in the Hawaiian language meaning love and peace. It is often used as a way to say "hello" or "goodbye". Hawaii is like the word aloha, because it is a state that has two viewpoints: it remembers its history and looks toward the future. - -　　②Hawaii is a U. S. state made up of a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is made up of eight large islands and over 100 other smaller islands. It is the only state that is not in North America. The islands were formed by volcanoes that erupted (爆发) and rose above the ocean. There are still active volcanoes in Hawaii. - -　　③Because of its location, Hawaii has a tropical climate. It is warm, but usually not hot, all year long. Rarely does the temperature drop below 60 degrees Fahrenheit(华氏温度), although it may occasionally snow at the top of some of the mountains. - -　　④Once called the Sandwich Islands by Europeans, Hawaii is thought to have been settled by ancient sailors from other islands in the Pacific. The British explorer Captain Cook was thought to be the first European to find the islands in 1778. Because of its location, Hawaii became a frequent stop for European traders and ships. Hawaii was an independent country before it became part of the United States in 1893. It was governed by either a king or a queen. It is one of the only four U. S. states to have been a country before statehood. It was admitted into the Union in 1959 as the 50th state. - -　　⑤Today Hawaii is important as a vacation destination. Each year over 6 million people visit Hawaii to enjoy the beaches, the beautiful ocean, and the historical Hawaiian culture. Come and visit Hawaii. You are sure to love it! - -### Task 1 - -A. Mild climate - -B. Local customs - -C. Tourist attraction - -D. Long history - -E. Meaning of Aloha - -F. Geographic features - -### Task 2 - -21. Aloha is often used as - -22. Hawaii islands are formed by - -23. Visitors can see snow on - -24. Hawaii used to be ruled by - -25. People visit Hawaii for - -A. European explorers - -B. mountain peaks - -C. its scenery and culture - -D. volcanic eruptions - -E. a way of greeting - -F. a king or a queen - -## George Washington Carver - -George Washington Carver was born in Missouri between 1861 and 1864. He was born into slavery. It was not until the end of the Civil War that George became free. As he grew up, George loved to read and learn. Black children were not allowed to go to the same schools as white children. (26) Every early morning, he left home to go to the school. There he studied very hard. - -　　After he finished high school, George wanted to go to college. At that time, few black students could afford the college tuition(学费). He worked for a time until he could borrow money to go to college. In 1890 he went to Simpson College in Iowa. (27)His drawings of plants were so good that his teacher suggested he study botany, which is the science of plants. George went to an agricultural college in Iowa in 1891 , where he not only graduated but also taught students. - -　　George continued to study plants. (28) In 1896, he was invited to teach at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He worked there as a professor for 47 years. He also became an important research scientist. He discovered new ways to use plants. (29) These include dyes, plastics, paint, and make-up. He also taught farmers how to grow crops to help the soil, and new ways to farm. - -　　In 1943 George Washington Carver died. (30) There is a national monument to him in Missouri where he grew up. He has had a ship named after him. In 1990 he was admitted to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. The boy who wanted to learn became a great inventor and scientist. - -A. There he studied art and music. - -B. He found about 100 new ways to use peanuts. - -C. He has been honored all over the world for his achievements. - -D. He became very famous for his work. - -E. After graduation, George began working for a law firm. - -F. The schools for black children were far from where George lived. - -## Warmth at Midnight - -　　Canberra winters are extremely cold, and 2014 brought some of our coldest days. One weekday night I walked to the(1)supermarket before it closed at midnight. - -　　As I approached, I noticed a group of six or seven people (2) by the supermarket entrance. Aware of the (3) of late-night walking, I made sure I paid attention. The scene ahead looked unusual. - -　　And unusual it was. Expecting to see a group of (4) troublemakers, I found a weak, well-dressed old man distributing items of food to a group of homeless people. Rather than just feeding them, he was also engaging them in a (5)of warm discussion.　　The homeless people were rough-looking and (6) dressed. But they listened to the man(7), not just with gratitude for the food they had been (8). With no charity vehicle in sight, this old man was only representing himself. - -　　After I finished shopping, the group was still there, food (9), but all laughing. If a weak old man can give to others in the(10) cold at midnight, what excuse do we have? - -A.dangers E.freezing I.poorly - -B.local F.attentively J.given - -C.happy G.potential K.consumed - -D.reading H.sitting L.circle - -## Keeping Friendship Alive - -　　It's so easy to take good friends(friend) for granted. Like a (41)(comfort) pair of gloves, old friends wear well. But friendships that suffer from busyness and (42)(familiar) can't afford to be neglected too long. They need to be (43)(renew). If you want and need to keep true friendship alive and (44)(health), please consider and think over a list of the most important qualities. (45)(Probable) it will help you to understand why you and your best friend haven't (46)(call) up for ages, why you're getting embarrassed while (47)(be) asked "Whom are you(48)(go) to have fun with this weekend?" You may neglect your intimate friends from time to time, but if you fail to cultivate these(49)(virtue)-loyalty, forgiveness, dedication(奉献), and (50)(honest)-you can't expect to keep true friends. - -## 英文报社正在举办题为 "Let's Save Water" 的征文活动 - -请就以下要点写一篇英文短文应征 - -- 为什么要节约用水。 -- 我们应如何节约用水。 - -## answers - -一 ACABB CACAB - -二 ACBBC - -五 BHAGL IFJKE - -41. comfortable (comfort) -42. familiarity (familiar) -43. renewed (renew) -44. healthy (health) -45. Probably (Probable) -46. called (call) -47. being (be) -48. going (go) -49. virtues (virtue) -50. honesty (honest) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2019-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2019-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2af7e61..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2019-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -# 2019-04 - -## My brother - -My brother is off at college, and at age 14, I miss him terribly. My brother is a rare kind of guy. He's smart and kind. And my friends say he's lovely. But if's how he handles things and how he treats his friends and his family that make me feel more proud. - -　　He applied to 14 colleges. He was accepted by all but one, the one he wanted, Brown University. So he took his second choice, and off he went to a first year. When he came home for summer vacation, he said he'd move to Rhode Island near Brown, find a job, and do whatever he could to become known in the area. He'd work his heart out and do his best at everything. Someone, he was sure, would notice. This was a big deal for my parents as it meant agreeing to a year without college. But they trusted him and encouraged him to do whatever he thought it would take to realize his dream. - -　　It wasn't long before he was hired as an amateur (业余的)play director at Brown. Now was his chance to shine, and shine he did. He put every bit of himself into the job. He met teachers and school officials, talked to everyone about his dream and never hesitated to tell them what he was after. - -　　And, sure enough, at the end of the year, when he reapplied to Brown, he was accepted. - -　　We were all happy, but for me the happiness went very deep. I had learned an important lesson-a lesson no one could have taught me with words. If I work hard for what I want, and if I keep trying after I've been turned down, my dreams can also come true. This is a gift I still hold in my heart. - -1. My brother had many good qualities. -2. Only one university accepted my brother. -3. My brother's first year at college was terrible. -4. My brother would like to find a job in Rhode Island. -5. My parents disagreed with my brother's plan. -6. My brother took every opportunity to promote himself. -7. My brother never told anyone what he was after. -8. My brother applied to Brown University three times. -9. My brother set a good example for me. -10. I wanted to go to college, too. - -## Garlic (大蒜) - -Garlic has a long history of use of over 7,000 years. It was originally grown in Asia. It finally made its way to Europe and South and North Americas in the 16th century, It rapidly spread to the world because it was easy to grow and could stay alive in poor conditions. - -　　Garlic has also long been used in medicine Egyptians fed garlic to the slaves to keep up their strength and to defend against diseases. The Romans believed that garlic cured many diseases and helped heal wounds. Greeks gave garlic to athletes during the Olympic Games in order to increase their strength.　　 - -More recently, garlic has been mentioned as being used as a treatment for battle wounds. In fact, even today people eat garlic for its supposed benefits. For example, many people eat garlic to help fight colds and coughs. Some even claim that garlic can help prevent high blood pressure and cancer.　　 - -A different use for garlic in the past was to keep away bad spirits, In some countries, people believed that if they wore garlic around their necks,bad things not enter their bodies. And if they hung garlic outside the doors of their homes, bad things would go away.　　 - -Garlic is now grown everywhere the world. China is the largest producer of garlic, followed by India, South Korea, Egypt and Russia. The popularity of garlic has increased over the years. It is now widely used in all types of cooking. Chinese dishes use garlic. Italian dishes include a lot of garlic, too. Garlic is highly valued its taste throughout the word. - -11. Garlic was first grown in - -A. North America - -B. South America - -C. Europe - -D. Asia - -12. Garlic was quickly accepted by people everywhere because it was - -A. simple to cook - -B. easy to grow - -C. good for health - -D. tasty in many dishes - -13. Ancient Greeks believed that garlic can help - -A. cure many diseases - -B. heal battle wounds - -C. inсrеаѕе bоdу strеngth - -D. kеер реорlе hеаlthу - -14. Some ancient people hung garlic outside their doors to - -A. frighten bad spirits - -B. decorate their houses - -C. keep away insects - -D. show their wishes - -15. The largest garlic grower in the world now is - -A. Egypt - -B. Korea - -C. China - -D. Russia - -## Easy Ways to Green up Your Life - -① Eating meat produces greenhouse gas emissions( 排 放 ). If you can't give up meat completely, you can reduce your consumption or give up beef. Don't eat out-of-season farm products. They are grown in greenhouses. A lot of energy goes into heating the greenhouses. And shipping such out-of-season farm products by air from remote places consumes huge amount of energy, too. Just look for local and in-season foods. - -②Spend less time behind the wheel, cycle and walk more, and use public transport more. If you have to drive, the first thing is to choose a car that uses comparatively less fuel. Besides, stick to the speed limit, keep your tires properly filled with air, empty your trunk of heavy items, and accelerate and brake gently. - -③Want to take a vacation trip by plane? Don't hurry. Think again. Air travel has a big impact on the environment compared with most other forms of travel. You have better choices. Consider having a vacation within driving distance. Of course, taking the train is the best choice. - -④ Think about how much "stuff" you own. A big part of emissions are linked to our consumption. To reduce it we need a change in consumption culture. Do we really need all the things we buy? And do we always need the newest one? Getting fewer things and making the ones you own last longer will reduce energy use. - -⑤Your choices about heating and cooling your home are some of the most important things you can do in terms of cutting your greenhouse gas emissions. Keeping the temperature a little lower in the winter and higher in the summer can make a big difference. - -### Task1 - -A. from his car trunk - -B. your room temperature - -C. for a vacation trip - -D. increase greenhouse gas production - -E. reduce energy use - -F. your water consumption - -### Task 2 - -21. Eating beef can - -22. One is advised to remove heavy things - -23. One had better take a train - -24. Buy less is one way to - -25. To save energy, properly control - -A from his car trunks - -B your room temperature - -C for a vacation trip - -D increase greenhouse gas production - -E reduce energy use - -F your water consumption - -## A Lucky Pen - -　"Mommy, I've got something for you!" George ran through the door after school one day,He waved something above his hand "See,it's a lucky pen!" 26 I looked at the pen in my hand. There was nothing special about it. But I didn't realize how special it was at that moment. - -I had made the decision to pursue a career in writing. 27 I had dreamed about it for a long time but I was afraid to take a chance. I was scared of rejection. 　 - -　The night before, I had voiced those fears to my husband when I thought George wasn't listening. But George must have overheard us. Now he stood in front of me, watching me examine the pen ."You don't have to be scared now, "he said. "This pen will make your stories great and everyone will love you." Tears filled eyes. 28 Rejection didn't seem like such a big deal any more. Even if I never sold the. first story, I had everything I could ever need. George in my life! 　 - -　I found out later how lucky I was when l heard what he did to get the pen. During lunch break at school that day, George heard a boy talking about a lucky pea he had. 29 The boy was a tough negotiator but George didn't give up. In the end,he traded his lunch, his favorite cartoon book, and his new football, his most prized possession for that pen. Just to make me feel better. 　 - -　30 It never fails to remind me just how lucky I am! I am the luckiest mother in the world now and forever. - -A. He got it as a birthday gift - -B. It was a decision full of fear and anxiety for me. - -C. He wanted to get it for me. - -D. He handed me the pen happily and proudly. - -E. I grabbed him and pulled him tight against me. - -F. I still have that pen, though it's long out of ink - -## Young Readers, Tomorrow's Leaders? - -A new study has good news for kids with strong reading skill. such kids will have high intelligence as they get 31 . They will have a bright future. - -　　The study included l,890 twins who did reading tests at 32 7 and 12, and an intelligence test at 16. The twins had the same genes (基因) and home environment. Therefore the 33 between them had to be due to factors that they did not 34 .For example, one had a better teacher than the other. Some kids did better on the reading 35 than their twin brother or sister. They 36 did better on the intelligence test. The reading skills 37 to enhanced intelligence were evident by age 7. this shows that reading skills can 38 a child's intellectual development. - -　　The study also helps to 39 the differences among kid kids the same family. They share genes, 40 conditions and parents. But they can be different in intelligence. - -A.also E.tests I.share - -B.difference F.affect J.older - -C.only G.ages K.related - -D.explain H.living L. interested - -## Student Loans - -Federal Student Aid is an office providing (Provide) student loans for higher education. The U.S. govemment knows the (41)(important) of higher education in positively (42) (impact) the nation. It makes sure that each (43) (qualify) student in America is able to get (44) (finance) help for higher education. - -　　Though parents can choose private funding through( 45) (bank), the interest rates can be (46 )(excessive) high. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in( 47) (compare). It is, therefore, very important that parents take all steps (48) (require) to apply for student loans through the government. - -　　Federal Student Aid is involved in (49) (educate) students and their families on the exact procedures to get student loans. Once the applications are(50)(receive), it processes them before the start of each school year. - -## 某英文报社正在举办题为“llealthyLife”的征文活动 - -请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括： - -- 什么是健康的生活方式 -- 你是怎么做的 - -## 答案部分 - -1-10 ABCAB ABBAC - -11-20 DBCAC FBCAD - -21-30 DACEB DBECF - -31-40 JGBIE AKFDH - -41. importance (important) -42. impacting (impact) -43. qualified (qualify) -44. financial (finance) -45. banks (bank) -46. excessively (excessive) -47. comparison (compare) -48. to require (require) -49. educated (educate) -50. received (receive) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2019-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2019-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 73591ca..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2019-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -# 2019-10 - -## To Lease (租赁)or Not to Lease - -Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again.Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. - -　　Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right——it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease a new Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year lease, you would save $3,600——a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. - -　　Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease, therefore, allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy, you get to keep it,and it will always have a resell or trade-in (以旧换新)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. - -　　Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over. Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage (里程) fees. In addition, when you lease, you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car. - -　　By now, the benefits of buying over leasing should be clear. Remember: whatever model you can afford to buy, it is yours after you make the payments. There's no giving back, and that makes all the difference. - -1. People usually think leasing a car can save money. -2. Leasing a car costs less in the long term. -3. More people like to lease cars than before. -4. People can lease a car they cannot afford. -5. Young people prefer to lease the latest models of cars. -6. Ford Explorer is the most popular model in the leasing market. -7. People often pay more than they expect for a lease. -8. People need to pay for each mile they drive during the lease. -9. Leasing companies pay for repairs to the leased cars. -10. The author advises people to buy an affordable car. - -## Mental Illness Hits Small Business Owners Hard - -While there is a growing focus on mental health in the workplace, there are fewer resources and support available to those running small businesses. - -　　There are many reasons people choose to have their own business: being their own boss, working on something they love, being able to set their own hours, or having some control over whom they work with. Yet the reality many small business owners face is far less attractive—financial stress, long working hours and unclear boundaries between work and family life. And all of these factors can have a huge impact on their mental health. - -　　Leanne Fawkner is a business owner of an award-winning skin-care range (系列产品).She knows very well the impact that a small business can have on the mental health of its owner. When her successful business struggled due to the global financial crisis, she suffered a lot mentally. "As business slowed, I was more and more affected," she says. "I couldn't separate myself from my business. It was the worst experience of my life. I could no longer go to work and was crying all day." - -　　Fawkner was diagnosed with depression. She had to take several months off work. Fortunately, her husband was able to keep things going while Fawkner was recovering. She saw a counselor (咨询师)for help and took part in a workplace mental health promotion program. This program was designed for small to medium business owners. - -　　"The stories on the DVD in the program were so helpful. I was crying because I didn't feel so alone." For Fawkner, small business owners are overlooked. While employees in larger organizations often have access to employee assistance programs, small business owners are struggling on their own. - -11. One reason to have one's own business is that one can have more - -A. flexible working hours - -B. support from others - -C. available resources - -D. life experience - -12. A small business owner usually has - -A. a more colorful life - -B. a bigger profit - -C. less stress from work - -D. longer working time - -13. Fawkner' s business ran into trouble because - -A. it was taken over by her husband - -B. she had a serious mental problem - -C. it was hit by the financial crisis - -D. she started a-mental health program - -14. Fawkner didn't feel so alone because - -A. she had her family around - -B. she could watch DVD at work - -C. others had similar experiences - -D. the counselor was helpful to her - -15. According to Fawkner, small business owners need more - -A. financial aid - -B. technical knowledge - -C. management skills - -D. mental health assistance - -## Secrets for a Happier You - -Some people are naturally blessed with a cheerful character. They spread warmth and sunshine wherever they go. They attract people like bees to honey. So what is it that makes these people so different from others? - -　　①The most important secret to happiness is to be grateful for the good things in your life—whatever may be your financial position. Instead of appreciating material wealth, be thankful for the loved ones in your life and enjoy the little pleasures of life that come your way. - -　　②The next most important secret is to develop relationships. Increasing social contacts helps boost brain power. Therefore, work towards improving your relationships and take time off to get in touch with friends. This will lift some burden off your shoulders, especially when you share your thoughts and feelings. Socializing can give you an added boost to your moods. - -　　③Thirdly, do not hold a grudge (怨恨)against anyone. Instead, I earn to be kind, generous, and forgiving towards others, even to the person who hurt you. Be sympathetic and understanding, and try not to criticize others. Focus on the positives of a person instead of the negatives, for none of us is born perfect. It will keep your heart and mind free and peaceful. - -　　④Besides, involve yourself in some creative process, be it dancing, writing or drawing. This can bring out the hidden talent in you to achieve magical happiness. Or pick up new skills and feel the great sense of satisfaction by carrying out certain tasks which you otherwise would never have felt. - - ⑤Finally, follow a daily regular sleep-wake cycle to keep you energetic and happy. Exercise regularly or practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing and yoga (瑜伽). Ensure you get eight to nine hours of sleep every day and have a well-balanced diet. - -### Task 1 - -A. Help people in need - -B. Have a healthy lifestyle - -C. Do something creative - -D. Better your social relationships - -E. Be thankful for what you have - -F. Learn to understand and forgive - -### Task 2 - -21. A cheerful character makes you - -22. Enjoy the pleasures of life - -23. Socializing can make you - -24. Try to forgive - -25. Creative activities enable you - -A. more intelligent - -B. even if you are poor - -C. different from others - -D. even when you are hurt - -E. to develop you' potential - -F. to gain more material wealth - -## Cultural Differences in England and France - -Cultural differences can take many forms. I have noticed many differences in French culture compared to English culture, from the way people dress, to their attitudes towards food, to what they do for fun. One thing that has struck me in particular in France is people's personal interactions with each other.( 26) - -Firstly, it's the kissing. Everyone kisses each other on the check. It's a greeting, instead of saying "hi" or "hello." (27) Everyone participates in the kissing ritual, the young, the old, male, female, strangers and friends. I kiss my friends. I kiss the teachers at the school. And even if I'm in a hurry, I am still expected to make time to give acquaintances a quick kiss on the cheek as I rush past. I don't mind it. (28)It quickly turns strangers into acquaintances, and acquaintances into friends. - -　　Another thing that I've noticed is that people in France are much more open with people they don't know. (29) In France, however, on long train journeys people have often started a conversation with me for no reason. They have a chat simply to pass the time. And I really enjoy being able to share a part of my life and my story with someone else. - -　　Whatever impressions you may have about French people, I have found that they are, for the most part, open and at ease talking to strangers. (30). - -A. In fact, I quite like it. - -B. They differ a lot from those in the UK. - -C. Often the kiss is a substitute for words. - -D. This makes me more comfortable with them too. - -E. Britons often greet each other with hugs and kisses. - -F. In England, you talk to a stranger only if completely necessary. - -## Success for 99 Cents - -　　How do you sell things in a time when the economy is down and people just don't want to (31)? Try the 99 cent approach. - -　　Steve Jobs, former (32) of Apple Computers, tried it and (33)saved the music industry. He (34) a standard price of 99 cents for each song that he wanted to sell on iTunes and built a successful music download company. - -　　In the 1960s, Dave Gold (35) a store that sold alcoholic drinks in southern California. He sold wine in three(36)categories: $0.79, $0.99 and $1 49. When he saw that the 99 cent wine did best, he started selling the other two at the same price and sales went up. In 1982, he started (37) 99 cent stores across the US. Today the company is (38) almost 500 million dollars and has 280 shops. - -　　Why does a 99 cent price tag (标签)make so much success? Researchers have found out that the price ending with .99 shows a (39) price for consumers. It looks less and consumers( 40) feel that they can get something back. - -A.owned -B.usually -C.set -D.worth -E.finally -F.several -G.buy -H.market -I.boss -J.sell -K.lower -L.price - -## Learning From Mistakes - -Lots of people dare not make mistakes (mistake). They fear they will be laughed at or 41. Blamed (blame) by others. They fear they will lose their money and 42. belongings (belonging) or be under heavy stress. But risks are 43.impossible (possible) to avoid and they do pave the way towards success. Have you ever 44. heard(hear) of anyone who achieves success without making any mistakes? - -So it is only 45.natural (nature) that making mistakes should be considered a must. You shouldn't worry about that as you 46. probably (probable) get lots of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes, you can at least distinguish between the correct and the 47. incorrect (correct) parts of what you did. Robert Stevenson once. Said: "Our business in life is not to be 48.successful (success), but to continue to fail in good spirits." - -You needn't worry about anything as long as you keep on going by 49. wisely (wise) learning from your mistakes and 50.trying (try) even harder. - -## 某英文报社正在举办题为"Green Transportation"的征文活动 - -请你根据下述写作要点提交一篇英文短文应征 - -- 你怎样理解绿色出行 -- 你会选择哪种绿色出行方式 -- 给出理由 - -## 答案 - -1-5 ABCAC 6-10 CABBA - -11-15 ADCDD - -16-20 EDFCB 21-25 CBADE - -26-30 DCAFB - -31-35 GIECA 36-40 FJDKH - -41. blamed (blame) -42. belongings (belonging) -43. impossible (possible) -44. heard (hear) -45. natural (nature) -46. probably (probable) -47. incorrect (correct) -48. successful (success) -49. wisely (wise) -50. trying (try) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2020-08.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2020-08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 681ce53..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2020-08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,282 +0,0 @@ -# 2020-08 - -## Bicycle Commuting - -I may not be a movie star,best-selling author,or millionaire when i grow up,but one thing I will be known for, -at least locally,is commuting by bicycle.I's sad to see how few people do even though many could Lots of people -eagerly campaign for the reduction of greenhouse gases,out driving cars,they're sill contributing to the problem. - -You might be picturing me as an extreme environmentalist(环保主义者),but'm not one of those teenagers -who wear shirts that say "Help save the world:Recycle."Actually,my interest in exercise,health,and fitness led -me to cycling. - -Cycling can help you lose weight,improve your health,and prevent many diseases.Cycling also carries a -relatively low chance of injury. - -While being good for your body,bicycle commuting is also a great way to cut greenhouse gases.Many -environmentalists recycle,plant tees,and drive hybrid cars(混合动力汽车),but bicycle commuting could be even -more effective than all of those combined.You could cut down the amount of greenhouse gases just by -commuting by bicycle few times a week. - -Bicycle commuting saves money too.When you buy your bicycle and the things that usually go with it.You -might be shocked by the cost.But if you think about the increasingly high gas prices,you will know for sure that -you can save a significant amount each year by not driving a car. - -You might think that you don't have time for bicycle commuting Actually.you probably do.You could cut -back on your TV time and pick up this activity .It helps you care for the environment,save money,and most -importantly get fit. - -1. I will write a best-selling book on cycling. -2. Many local people commute by bicycle. -3. I am devoted to environmental protection. -4. I started cycling to improve my health. -5. People are less likely to get injured while cycling. -6. People drive to work for convenience. -7. Bicycle commuting could be more effective in reducing greenhouse gases. -8. People are in a good mood while cycling. -9. Gas prices keep going up. -10. Bikes are inexpensive to most people. - -## Spit(打翻的)Milk - -I recently heard a story about famous scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. -He was asked why he was so much more creative than the average person. - -He responded that it all came from an experience when he was about two.He had been trying to remove a -bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip and it fell,spilling the milk all over the floor. - -When his mother came into the kitchen,instead of yelling at him,or punishing him,she said,"Robert,what -a wonderful mess you have made!Well,the damage has already been done.Would you like to play in the milk for -a few minutes before we clean it up?" - -Indeed,he did.After a few minutes his mother said,Rober,whenever you make mess like this,eventually -you have to clean it up.so,how would you like to do that?We could use sponge or a towel.Which do you -prefer?He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt.milk. - -His mother then said,"You know,what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big -milk bottle with two tiny hands.Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can -discover a way to carry it without dropping it"The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near -the lip with both hands,he could carry it without dropping it. - -The scientist remarked that it was then that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes.Instead, -mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new,which is,after all,what scientific experiments are -all about.Even if the experiment "doesn't work,"we usually learn something valuable from it. - -11.This story is about a scientist who - -A.was extraordinary when he was young - -B.became well-known after an interview - -C.was smarter than the average person - -D.achieved great success in the medical field - -12.He got the milk spilt all over the kitchen floor because he - -A.dropped the bottle - -B.was naughty - -C.slipped and fell - -D.was weak - -13.After seeing the spilt milk,his mother - -A.shouted at him - -B.cleaned the floor herself - -C.encouraged him to play in the milk - -D.forced him to clean the kitchen - -14.The mother and the son went out in the back yard to - -A.fill the bottle with milk - -B.clean the bottle - -C.find a way to carry the bottle - -D.search for a new bottle - -15.According to the text,mistakes give us chances to. - -A.know the truth - -B.learn something new - -C.do some experiments - -D.teach a child a lesson - -## Volunteers - -Volunteers are people who work without being paid.They do the work because they want to.We need -volunteers because there are many things that need to be done in society which the Government can't afford to -pay for. - -Volunteers are motivated by desire to help others and to make the world better place.Statistics suggest that -more than one million people do voluntary work in New Zealand.Some volunteers do the kind of work that they -are particularly interested in,but perhaps haven't had the chance to do during their working lives.Others make -use of their professional skills and experience. - -Volunteers contribute to society in a number of ways.For example,some give their time to help preserve the -natural environment.While there are government-run projects to maintain national parks and forests,the -projects would not succeed without volunteers.Some environmental organizations rely solely on voluntary labor. - -"Meals on Wheels"is voluntary organization run by the Red Cross.It delivers meals to elderly people who are - unable to cook for themselves.Every year volunteer drivers deliver a million meals .This enables elderly people to -remain in their own houses. - -Volunteer Service Abroad was started in 1962.It sends volunteers to poor countries.To be a volunteer you -should be between the ages of 25 and 77,of good health and have a skill or ability that is requested by the -country.Volunteers spend two years helping the local people improve their lives.Two years is a long time,but -when they return,many volunteers say:"It was the best two years of my life." - -### Task 1 - -A.Definition of volunteers - -B.How volunteers are organized - -C.How volunteers contribute to society - -D.Why people want to be volunteers - -E.An organization sending volunteers abroad - -F.An organization delivering meals to the elderly - -### Task2 - -21.People do voluntary work because they want to - -22.Some volunteers help others by_. - -23.Some organizations rely on volunteers to help - -24.The elderly can have their meals delivered without. - -25.Many volunteers returning from poor countries. - -A.help others - -B.leaving their homes - -C.cooking for the elderly - -D.using their professional skills - -E.find their experience rewarding - -F.preserve the natural environment - -## How to Talk to a Doctor - -It's one of the saddest situations in modern medicine.The average doctor's appointment lasts 15 minutes or -less._26__That doesn't'leave much time for chatting about the weather or your mood. - -What you don't realize -but what I see very clearly as a doctor -is that what the patient says is more -important than ever._27_They can also make it much harder for me to figure out what's wrong with you. - -Medical schools teach a specific way to conduct an office visit.Part one is the complaint.28 Part two -in the physical exam.And part three is when the doctor gives you a diagnosis and prescribes or a treatment -chances are,you focus on part three,but the patients who receive the best care are those who master part one. -The key is to describe in detail what you've been feeling-not just "bad"but what kind of bad,for how long,and -after what kind of activity. - -_29_Even though I've been a doctor for many years,I tend to be a little nervous when I'm the one -sitting on the exam table.If I haven't prepared,I lose track of the details I intended to share_30_When the -doctor asks you questions,you can be more specific,and the diagnosis and treatment will be more accurate.And -there may be a few minutes left over for a little pleasant conversation! - -A.No wonder you feel rushed. - -B.Of course,that's easier said than done. - -C.It is wise to see a doctor with your friend. - -D.It is also called the description of your problem. - -E.So I take a few minutes to write down some crucial details. - -F.In fact,your descriptions can help me give you great care - -## Planting a Garden - -Planting a garden is a lot like having a family.Both require a great deal of work,_31_as they grow and as -the seasons_32_.As summer days lengthen,your plants become33_on you,much like your children -depend on you for food and drink.Like a34child asking for drink of water,your plants do the same.Their -bent body issues a demand much the way your child requests milk or juice.Getting enough water,they would -thrive soon. - -You might also find you have to the35around your plants,much like you pick up toys and clothes that -have been thrown in your kid's room.Similarly,roses need to be pruned(修剪) and weeds need to be pulled.To -keep children healthy,parents protect their children against disease with_36_,and gardeners do the same -with insect(驱虫剂) To nourish(滋养) them,parents__37 children vitamins,and gardeners use fertilizer,as both -promote healthy growth. - -As children grow up,they need less care.However,here's where the similarity ends.While plants die or -become38during winter,children39 -maintain an important role in the family,and parents will find -their40_does not come to an end. - -A.help -B.clean -C.change -D.inactive - -E.Dependent -F.still -G.strong -H.give - -I.Responsibility -J.thirsty -K.medicine -L.especially - -## What Makes Us Different - -The reason Earth40_(differ)from all the other 41(planet)in the universe is because of you -and me.At first,we were living in caves,the came the ice age,then the meltdown,and 42(final),what we -are today.We and Earth as a whole have changed so much.The only thing that hasn't changed is our greed -and 43(jealous). - -While we were in caves,we fought for food.While we were living on the ice,we fought for_44(warm), -clothing,and food.Now,we are45_(fight)over land.Why do we fight for land that was never in our -_46(possess)?Wars,big or small,take place every day.Earth is a single nation.All the land masses on it -belong to the planet,not to us.Everyone is the same,regardless of race,gender,or religion.We are all deserve to -be47(treat)equally.We are all also unique,but that doesn't make us any48_(little)human than the -next person. - -If we can start by 49(pay)compliment()to different person each day,our world will be -_50_(friendly)to live in.If we at least help one person in need and let room for love to grow in our hearts,the -world will be a better place. - -## 某英文报社正在举办题为"Spring Is Coming"的征文活动,请你根据下述写作要点提交一篇英文短文应征 - -- 简要描写春天的景象 -- 介绍人们在春天里的各种活动 - -## answers - -一 CBBAA CACAB - -二 DACCB - -五 LCEJB KHDFI - -41. planets (planet) -42. finally (final) -43. jealousy (jealous) -44. warmth (warm) -45. fighting (fight) -46. possession (possess) -47. treated (treat) -48. less (little) -49. paying (pay) -50. friendlier (friendly) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2020-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2020-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 416db46..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2020-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -# 2020-10 - -## Booking Online and Saving the Environment - -When you are looking to book a holiday, it is unlikely that you will think about how green your booking decision is, but it is something that you should think about. By “green” we mean the impact on the environment. - -When looking to book a holiday, you will probably find that you are faced with two main decisions. The first is to go into a travel agency, pick up brochures(宣传册) read through them and go back with just one and book with the travel agents directly or over the phone. The second is to go onto the Internet - -The Internet holds many advantages over the travel agencies. The main one is convenience. You can go online to look at holidays at any time of the day. The travel agents, however, are usually very busy at times when people can actually go, i.e. lunch hours or at the weekend. You could use the telephone, but you wouldn’t be able to see the pictures or the details of the holidays, so you would probably be sent a brochure anyway. - -There are websites on the Internet that make shopping for holiday deals much easier. These websites are known as price comparison websites. They search through lots of different tour operators, and the results are displayed on one page, from which you can choose. - -Compared with the travel agencies, booking online is greener. The piles of brochures are definitely not green, and the amount of unnecessary paper used can’t be good for the environment. In the days of the Internet, there is really no need for such a large amount of paper to be wasted. So booking online will not only save you time and effort, it will do a little bit towards saving the environment, too! - -1. When planning holidays, few people will think about being green. -2. There are two main choices when people look to book their holidays. -3. People go to travel agencies and make their decisions directly. -4. The main advantage of booking online is saving money. -5. Many people go to travel agencies at lunchtime. -6. Booking holidays by telephone requires less communicative skills. -7. There are limited choices at price comparison websites. -8. Travel agencies make the best use of price comparison websites. -9. Travelers collect brochures as a hobby. -10. Booking online is a way to save the environment. - -## Urban Gardening - -Urban gardening refers to the practice of planting a garden in the city. Apartments, town homes,and other areas with little or no land are being used for gardening. This method of gardening is becoming more common as the amount of land for gardening. in cities is becoming smaller and smaller. - -Containers,hanging baskets and raised beds are examples of items people use to create a garden in a confined space. Some cities also offer a shared community garden for people who have no room to grow plants at home. - -Many types of plants can be grown in containers and baskets. Tomatoes and peppers, for instance，can grow in containers on windowsills(窗台). Plants grown on a windowsill should usually receive at least six to eight hours of sunlight daily. Herbs are often grown in containers or baskets in the kitchen. They do not require much space and can be handy for cooking. - -People who want to grow more plants may use raised beds which are usually made of wood pieces and filled with a mixture of soil and fertilizers. They can be built on top of any hard surface,including roof tops. People like them because the beds often cost much less than most other methods of gardening. - -Community gardening could be an option for anyone who does not have space for a garden at home. Most cities that offer this will rent a small plot of land to someone for a fee, or allow them to use it free of charge. Instead of dividing the land into separate plots, some cities allow everyone in the neighborhood to share and work on the same land. This method could be beneficial for people in the neighborhood who share the passion for growing things. - -11. Urban gardening came into being as a result of - -A. the lack of land for gardening - -B. new technology - -C. government encouragement - -D. the increasing population - -12. The word “confined” (Para. 2) means - -A. open - -B. empty - -C. limited - -D. occupied - -13. Plants grown on windowsills require a lot of - -A. water - -B. space - -C. soil - -D. sunlight - -14. Raised beds are popular because they - -A. are efficient - -B. are cheap - -C. last long - -D. contain fertilizers - -15. Community gardening is beneficial because it - -A. saves more land - -B. requires less work - -C. increases output - -D. connects people - -## My Science Teacher - -①Usually when people decide to be teachers, they go to college, get a degree, and find a job at a school They prepare lesson plans, give out homework, and make up tests. To them, it is just a job, a way to make a living. But for my science teacher, Mrs. Cook teaching is not just her job; it's who she is. She teaches through her heart. - -②She has so much enthusiasm in her lessons. She is the one who goes out late at night to buy 10 pounds of sugar for our experiments. She brings in water, from the nearby canal to make her point, and to make us remember the lesson. She makes us think that each new fact could change our lives. - -③Mrs. Cook wants all of us to do well in school. She tries to reach each student. She neither ignores the sleeping kid in the back, nor lets the problem students alone. She shows special concern to slow students, and often helps them after school. None of us can slip away from her attention. - -④Middle school is probably one of the hardest times of our lives. We change friends so often, and fight with our parents constantly . But Mrs. Cook has made this year so much better for us than it could have been. we know that if we had to turn to anybody, it would be her. And I'm not alone in feeling this way ; she is a role model for our whole class. - -⑤Science had never been my favorite subject . I had never borrowed science books. I had never performed experiments in my home. But this year, it's the science class that I don't mind waking up for, the test I don't mind taking. I have Mrs. Cook to thank for that. She has taught us so much more than just a single subject. - -### Task 1 - -A. Mrs. Cook makes our school life easier. - -B. I enjoy science class now. - -C. Mrs. Cook cares about each student. - -D. Mrs. Cook is strict with her students. - -E. Mrs. Cook's lessons are well-prepared. - -F. Teaching is more than a job for Mrs. Cook. - -### Task 2 - -2l. To become a school teacher, one needs - -22. Mrs. Cook often goes out to collect - -23. Mrs. Cook offers slow students extra help - -24. Our whole class take Mrs. Cook as - -25，I am lucky to have Mrs. Cook as - -A. in class - -B. my teacher - -C. after school - -D. a role model - -E. a college degree - -F. teaching materials - -## Lack of Sleep Is Dangerous - -　　Do you know that if you miss out too much sleep you will die? It’s true! If you stay awake for a long, long time, your brain and body will break down. - -　　The unofficial world record for staying awake is 11 days, and ifs held by Randy Gardner. 26__ He also had help from TV and radio reporters, a sleep researcher and a doctor. - -　　What happened? 27__Then his brain started to lose sense. On day 4, he thought a street sign was really a person. On day 6, he began to speak very slowly. On day 9, he couldn’t finish sentences. On day 10, Randy thought he saw a forest in the next room. 28__ Eventually, after he’d broken the world record，Randy was told to go to sleep. Experiments that keep people awake for dangerously long periods are always stopped before the patients break down. - -　　Rats，however，aren’t so well cared for. 29__That’s sooner than if they’d been allowed to sleep but were given no food. They get really thin. But that’s not because they stop eating-quite the opposite. Even though these rats are eating food，their bodies can’t process it in the normal way. On top of that, their little bodies lose more heat than normal, which makes them weak. This means that they need more food to stay at a healthy temperature. 30__ - -　　And that’s what lack of sleep does for you. - -A.In fact, he went a bit crazy. - -B.Normally rats wouldn't catch a cold - -C.Towards the end, the health of these rats is failing. - -D.When kept from sleeping, they die within three weeks. - -E.Randy asked two of his friends to stop him falling asleep. - -F.First of all staying awake long made Randy bad-tempered. - -## Talking Counts - -　　Most words in a child’s vocabulary come from everyday encounters with language. Children(31) up language from books, media, and conversations. - -　　You can increase your child’s vocabulary and (32) knowledge by having conversations with them. With babies, you can talk to them about what you’re doing so they can begin to(33)words with concepts. As your baby begins to speak, start asking,“What’s that?” when (34)to objects or pictures. Elaborate on their (35)answers as a way to have them listening to more words. “Yes，that is a banana! It’s (36)and smooth.” - -　　With young children, you can talk about the things you see in your (37)，on trips around town，or on television. These conversations help build a child’s (38)of his world. When reading, pause to ask questions on the story. Ask, “Why do you think he did that?” or “What do you think is going to happen (39)?’’ Tell your children stories from your own life, or about the day they were (40). This helps develop their personal and cultural identity. - -A. link -B. simple -C. secondly -D. neighborhood - -E. yellow -F. build -G. understanding -H.pointing - -I. pick -J. born -K. background -L.next - -## Water Shortage - -　　Getting water seems (seem) so easy for many people. You will be(41)(mistake) if you think there is an (42) (end)supply of water. In fact，the world has a water shortage. Seventy percent of the world is (43) (cover) in water. But most of it is salt water. Only a small(44)(percent) is fresh drinking water. Countries (45) (include) Spain, Italy and South Africa actually import water from countries such as the United States and Australia. (46) (surprising), 1.1 billion people on earth have difficulty (47) (get) clean drinking water. This global problem is predicted to get (48) (bad) as the atmosphere becomes warmer. - -　　Every person in Britain (49) (use) about 150 litres of water a day. In some countries people only have 5 to 10 litres a day! They would be (50) (shock) to learn how we waste drinking water. - -## 某英文报社正在举办题为“An Unforgettable Holiday”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括 - -- 哪一个假期令你难忘 -- 为什么令你难忘 - -## answers - -一 AACBC CBCCA - -二 ACDBD - -五 IFAHB EDGLJ - -41. mistaken (mistake) -42. endless (end) -43. covered (cover) -44. percentage (percent) -45. including (include) -46. Surprisingly (surprising) -47. getting (get) -48. worse (bad) -49. uses (use) -50. shocked (shock) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2021-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2021-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2fa234a8..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2021-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -# 2021-04 - -## Animals in the City - -Recently, there have been many reports in newspapers and on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when big animals come into our cities? Is it a good thing or is it dangerous for us and the animals? - -Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons(狒狒) sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people's kitchens! Baboons are strong animals and sometimes they scare children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are hurt in car accidents. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors. Their job is to find baboons in the city and take them back to the countryside. The problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again. - -In Berlin Germany, groups of wild pigs sometimes come into the city to look for food They eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also walk in the street and cause traffic accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents. They have told people to stop giving the pigs food and have put up fences to stop the pigs from coming into the city. - -In Moscow, Russia there are 35000 wild dogs. They live in parks, empty houses, markets and train stations. Some of the dogs were pets that people did not want, so they left them on the streets. Others were born on the streets and have always lived there. A lot of people like them and are used to seeing them on the streets. They give the dogs food and water. They even build small huts for the dogs to live in during the very cold winter. - -1. Many news reports concern big animals in the city. -2. Wild animals often come into cities for the winter. -3. The food in kitchens can be bad for baboons. -4. Cape Town is a safe place for baboons. -5. Many baboons will return after being sent away from the city. -6. There are more wild pigs in Berlin now than in the past. -7. Wild pigs sometimes cause traffic problems in Berlin. -8. Wild pigs started to come into Berlin years ago. -9. No one knows the number of wild dogs in Moscow. -10. Some people help the wild dogs survive the cold winter. - -## What Happens When You Stop Exercising? - -Have you ever wondered what would happen if you stopped exercising? A new study on twins was published in the journal Medicine & Science. The results of the study are dramatic. - -In the study, researchers looked at 10 pairs of twin men. Each set of twins was in their mid-30s. Each had been brought up in the same family. Since they were identical, they shared the same DNA. They had maintained the same level of physical activity for most of their lives. But there was one difference. One twin of each set had cut on exercising in the past few years due to work or family pressure. On average, the less active twin exercised less than twice a week, while the active twin exercised at least twice a week. The research team put each twin through a set of medical tests to study their overall health. - -The results showed big differences. While the more active twins had lower body fat percentage, better endurance level, and normal sensitivity, the inactive twins had about seven more pounds of body fat, worse endurance, and signs of disease. Not only were their bodies different; their brains were different as well. The active twins had more gray matter (the information processing part of the brain), particularly in areas that control balance. - -The conclusion of the study is clear. Quitting your fitness routine can bring negative effects to your body and your brain as well. Considering the less active twins in the study had become couch potatoes（沉溺于看电视的人）only recently，these changes can sneak up on you a lot sooner than you'd think. So keep exercising. It is beneficial to your overall health! - -11. This text is mainly about_ - -A. The importance of DNA - -B. the role of exercise - -C. the birth of a new journal - -D. the difference between twins - -12. Researchers chose twins for their study mostly because they - -A. shared the same DNA - -B. looked alike - -C. had the same lifestyle - -D. grew up together - -13. The twins in the study differed in - -A. sleeping habits - -B. exercise frequency - -C. working hours - -D. food preference - -14. The study found that the more active twins became - -A. less creative - -B. less sensitive - -C. more emotional - -D. more endurable - -15. The phrase "sneak up on” (Para.4) most probably means - -A. protect - -B. attack - -C. affect - -D. benefit - -## Surviving Illness Away From Home - -Being ill is a horrible thing at the best of times, but what is even worse is when you are ill away from home. If you're living away from home or abroad, it's important to get better at your own pace in order to ensure you can enjoy the rest of your time away. - -1 Pampering（娇惯）yourself is always a good start. If you feel so ill and tired that you can't even get out of bed, then don't! Make a trip to the kitchen and stock up on fluids and try to make yourself some hot food. The key to getting better is to drink lots of fluids.Water and hot drinks such as green tea and soup are usually the best things. - -② Try to distract yourself from feeling horrible. If you have a TV, watch one of your favorite films or TV series. If you don't have a TV, maybe put the radio on. If you have a headache and all the noise is too much to handle, try reading the book you've always wanted to read but never had the time to. Being ill doesn't have to be the worst day in the world! - -3 Tell your friends and family that you are ill. Sometimes there is nothing better than hearing words of comfort from loved ones who feel sorry for you and want to cheer you up and make you happy. There is nothing wrong with a little attention from others when you're ill. Who knows, they might even be willing to travel and visit you with lots of “Get Well” presents like your favorite food,magazine or flowers. - -4 When you do arrive at a new place where you will be staying for a few months, make sure you know exactly where the nearest drugstore is. If you are in a foreign country, it might be best to translate a few useful phrases before you start asking for a cure. - -Task 1 - -A.Taking good care of yourself - -B. Staying in bed for the entire day - -C. Taking your attention away from illness - -D.Knowing where and how to get medicine - -E. Informing friends and family of your illness - -Task 2 - -20. Being sick away from home is - -21. You are advised to recover - -22. The best cure for illness is - -23. If you cannot bear the noise from TV, - -24. A few useful translated phrases help you - -25. You can buy medicine - -A. ask for medicine - -B. at your own pace - -C. water and hot drinks - -D. a terrible experience - -E. at a nearby drugstore - -F. read your favorite book - -G. suffer from a cold - -## Swiss Banks - -Switzerland is well-known for chocolate and its watch-making industry. It is even more famous for its unique banking and financial system. 26. - -Banking in Switzerland goes back to the 18th century. In the past, not only rich people but also dictators （独裁者）kept their money in Swiss banks. During World German Nazis （纳粹）put much of their money in Switzerland. 27. - -Swiss banks are popular for many reasons. 28. It enjoys one of the highest per capita（人均） incomes in the world. It has been neutral for many centuries, especially during the two world wars. In addition, the Swiss franc is one of the most stable currencies in the world. - -Most importantly, Swiss banks follow very strict privacy rules. In 1934, a law was passed that forbade Swiss banks to reveal the names of account holders. 29. If a Swiss banker reveals a person's bank account without permission, he or she commits a crime. Such regulations have made Switzerland a popular destination for many people. Lately, however, the Swiss government has been under heavy pressure from other countries. 30. They want the banks to reveal the names of possible criminals. - -Task - -A. They urge it to change its bank laws. - -B. Banks strictly protect the privacy of their clients. - -C. Private banking has a long tradition in the country. - -D.Banks play an important role in Switzerland's economy. - -E. Foreigners in troubled areas also kept money in Swiss banks. - -F. For one, the country has a very stable and prosperous economy. - -## Education in New Zealand - -Education in New Zealand is compulsory （强制的）between the ages of 6 and 16. All children between these ages must 31 school. Most children begin their schooling at 5. This period includes primary and secondary education, and it is 32. - -Early childhood covers the period from birth to 6 years old. This both care and education. There are many 33. such as play center and kindergartens. More and more people are realizing the 34. of early childhood education. Now 60 percent of children under 5 join in some form of pre­school education. - -Children go to primary school for 8 years or up to the age of about 13. They 35 go to secondary schools for a further 5 years. Some students may decide to leave school at 16. - -Higher education 36 any education or training that takes place after secondary school. In New Zealand, this includes universities, 37, and training schools. - -New Zealand is 38 becoming multi-cultural. More and more international 39 are studying there. The education system is adapting to 40 the needs of different cultural group. - -A. meet -B. students -C. quickly -D. means - -E. free -F. wisely -G. then -H. value - -I. choices -J. quit -K. attend -L. Colleges - -## Body Image - -Many people are not satisfied (satisfy) with their body images. They are 41 (encourage) to have plastic surgeries (整形手术), diet plans, or diet pills. - -However, to build a positive body image 42 (require) a balanced diet and a 43 (health) lifestyle. In our daily life, to eat more fruits and 44 (vegetable)than meat will help us keep fit, and the best way to keep ourselves in shape is to do some vigorous exercise every day. - -Besides, a correct attitude is 45 (equal) important. We should not feel 46 (embarrass) about our bodies . We should not believe our body is a shame of personal 47 (fail). We do not need to be as 48 (attract) as everyone else. - -Instead, we should love ourselves rather than desire for 49 (possible) standards. We should have a real and clear understating of our body parts, and appreciate our body for the way it is. In this way, we will feel 50 (comfort) and confident. - -## 假设你的美国朋友John给你发来一封电子邮件，表示他对中国传统文化很感兴趣，希望你简 单介绍一个中国的传统节日（Traditional Chinese Festival） o以下是你给他回复的主要内容 - -- 节日名称 -- 节日由来 -- 人们如何庆祝这一节日 - -请以Li Ke署名。 - -## answers - -一 ABCBA CACBA - -二 BABDC - -五 KEIHG DLCBA - -41. encouraged (encourage) -42. requires (require) -43. healthy (health) -44. vegetables (vegetable) -45. equally (equal) -46. embarrassed (embarrass) -47. failure (fail) -48. attractive (attract) -49. impossible (possible) -50. comfortable (comfort) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2021-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2021-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1e85f3a..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2021-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,221 +0,0 @@ -# 2021-10 - -## Who Is James Bond？ - -The latest Bond film is an enormous box-office(票房)hit. But who is James Bond？Where does he come from？ Author lan Fleming the creator of James Bond told us something about the origins of the world's most famous secret agent - -In the first Bond novel lan Fleming told us that James Bond was the son of a Scottish father and an Asian mother. But perhaps this was not really true. The title of the 19th Bond film, “The World Is Not Enough”, was based on the Latin motto of the Bond family, which is mentioned in one of the early novels. However, it now appears that the motto is not that of the Scottish Bonds, but that of a different Bond family, who came from England. So perhaps Bond is English not Scottish. - -Bond went to Eton College, the same school as his creator Ian Fleming. This is a school where young people learn how to move in high society like Bond does so well. - -After leaving school, Bond did not go to university. He joined the British Secret Service. He soon got promoted to the top. From then on he was 007, “licensed to kill”, and so began a career which would take him to all the corners of the earth. - -In the early days，Bond's role was quite clear. He was working for the West. His main enemies were men from the KGB and other dangerous organizations. Since the end of the Cold War the role of the Service has changed and Bond's job profile has changed with it. Now his main enemies are the big bosses of organized crime and international terrorism. - -Unlike the Cold War, organized crime is unlikely to come to an end. We can therefore be sure that James Bond the best-known English fictional hero of the 20th century has many more adventures ahead of him. - -1. The new Bond film made much money for its producer -2. Ian Fleming directed the latest film about James Bond. -3. The World ls Not Enough is the name of a novel -4. Bond is unable to move in high society -5. Bond went to university before he became a secret agent -6. The British Secret Service gave Bond many awards. -7. Bond went to many parts of the world because of his job. -8. Bond fought against many dangerous organizations. -9. We can expect more adventurous stories about Bond. -10. This text tells about the personality of James Bond. - -## Universal Gestures - -Gestures for victory, defeat and stress are almost the same in all countries. - -On the front page of a newspaper we often see the picture of people holding their head in shock. People put their hands on their head or over their mouth when they look on a scene with shock or horror. - -Chris Ulrich is an expert on body language. He said that covering your mouth or putting your hands on your head helps make you feel safer from a perceived threat By covering part of your face you can feel hidden from the shocking event. Additionally these reactions can help a person comfort himself through touch. Ulrich said it is a self comforting gesture to help people in the moment. - -In times of strong anxiety people will twist their hands to calm themselves. Ulrich said it is a reaction people often have when they are in front of an audience or nervous. “It's a comfort for them that they‘ll get through it”, said Ulrich. He relates that gesture to a parent trying to calm a child. - -Most athletes react to victories or defeats with specific behaviors. A 2008 study examined pictures of judo (柔道) competitors during the 2008 Olympic Games. They were from different countries but they showed similar behaviors when they won a match. The winners would throw their head back or raise their hands in triumph. Ulrich said these victory behaviors are a way winners explode out and take up more space. - -However if an athlete suffers a loss, he will act in a way that makes him physically smaller, such as hanging his head. “When you lose you want to disappear”, said Ulrich. The study also found that the judo competitors had the same behavior when they lost. - -11. People put their hands over their mouth to - -A. avoid a danger - -B. gain self-comfort - -C. hide their shock - -D. show their anxiety - -12. People tend to twist their hands when they are - -A.depressed - -B.angry - -C.shocked - -D.nervous - -13.In Paragraph4，“that gesture“ refers to - -A.shaking one's hands - -B.covering one's face - -C.twisting one's hands - -D.rubbing one's face - -14.Judo winners often act in a way that makes them - -A.occupy more space - -B. appear physically smaller - -C.obtain more respect - -D.become more competitive - -15. The judo losers would - -A.raise their arms - -B.lower their heads - -C.beat their chests - -D.sit on their knees - -## Little Steps，Big Reward - - 1 More than 145 million Americans take walking as part of their exercise, according to a recent report. That's 15 million more people walking than last year. Many places in America have reported an increase in walking. But most of the walkers are found in big cities like NewYork. - - 2 Despite the increase in walking, only about 30% of Americans say they have at least 3hours to take exercise a week. Our society has been conditioned to be inactive. People rely on modern conveniences and become lazy. The inactive lifestyle has a negative aspect. We are more likely to be in poor health like overweight which will threaten our life span . That's where walking comes in. - -3Walking is the best way to improve our health. Just 30 minutes of regular quick walking can help lose weight. At the same time, it can help lower the risk of heart disease and some cancers，and improve our blood pressure. If 30 minutes is too much，we may divide it into three 10-minute parts during the day. Most of us can find 10 minutes if we really try. - -4Walking requires only a pair of shoes and suits any schedules. Keep a pair of sport shoes at work. If you have a few minutes of free time make use of them to take a quick walk. Even if you go to a health club several times a week, you can still look for ways to be active while at work. It may be walking downstairs for a direct talk rather than sending an email. - -5Small efforts can make a big difference. But the hardest part for us is getting started. It’s usually like this. When people get to a comfort level of walking for 10 minutes they might think about trying 11 minutes. That first step is really worthy. - -### Task 1 - -A.The key to walking is getting started - -B.Walking is the first step to making changes - -C.The advantage of walking is its simplicity - -D.Walking is a great way for health improvement - -E.More Americans take up walking than before. - -F.Modem lifestyle affects our health negatively - -Task 2 - -21. Reports say that the walkers are mostly from - -22. Many diseases are largely caused by - -23.We can keep healthy by taking - -24.We can take a quick walk downstairs for - -25. When feeling good after a 10-minute walk - -A.we divide a 30-minute walk into 3 parts - -B.our inactiveness - -C.we may like to try a longer one - -D.big cities in America - -E.a daily 30-minute quick walk - -F.a face-to-face talk - -## North Africa - -Africa is the second largest continent on Earth. It is about 8,000 kilometers long from north to south. It can be divided into three major regions: northern Africa, central Africa, and southern Africa. 26 - -Africa is separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea(地中海). It is connected to Asia in the east. For this reason, it has been easy for people from Europe, Asia and other areas to come to North Africa. 27 - -Most of North Africa is covered by the Sahara Desert. 28 There is little rainfall here. The few people who live in the desert live in oases (绿洲). The valley of the Nile River forms one of the oases that stretch across the desert in the east. - -Many North African nations have a very important resource. They have large deposits of petroleum. 29 In return, these nations receive a lot of money. They are spending some of this money to make life better for their people - -Egypt is an important nation in North Africa. 30 It has served as a bridge between Africa and Asia. People from many nations have passed through Egypt. Today it controls the Suez Canal. The canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It is important for ships traveling between nations in Europe and Asia. - -TASK - -A. It has always been a great barrier to people traveling south - -B. This oil is shipped to many parts of the world. - -C. Each region has its special geography and history - -D. Asia is much larger than Europe. - -E. All these people have left their influence there - -F. About 40 million people live there today - -## Learning from Mistakes - -Lots of people don’t dare to make mistakes. They fear that they will be blamed by others or lose their money and _31. Therefore, they are under a lot of stress. But risks are unavoidable and they do 32 the way towards success. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success without making any mistakes. - -So it is 33 that making mistakes in your effort to realize your 34 is considered a must. You shouldn’t worry about making mistakes as you may get a lot of 35 from them. By making mistakes you can 36 between the correct and the 37 things you did. Anthony D’Angelo said, “In order to succeed you must fail, So that you know what to do the next time. “ Robert Stevenson even went to the 38 as to say. “Our business in life is not to succeed but to continue to 39 in good spirits.” - -You needn’t worry about anything as long as you keep on going by 40 learning from your mistakes and trying even harder. - -A. extreme E. fail I. pave - -B. discover F. belongings J. incorrect - -C. distinguish G. recently K. wisely - -D. advantages H. natural L. dreams - -## Interlaken，Switzerland - - The sound of cow bells ringing across Interlaken's grassland is comforting(comfort). Climbing up the nearby mountains is also 41 enjoyable(enjoy). So is skiing down them. The town of Interlaken is 42 located(locate ) in a beautiful setting between two lakes. It is also closet to the 43 ?(mountain)villages. The outdoor possibilities are_44(end) around Interlaken in summer and winter. They range from sailing, skiing, to climbing or just 45 (relax) in a pool. People can enjoy boating in the summer. They can also take 46 (please) in skiing in the winter. This place is a perfect choice for people if they like ice climbing or 47 rolling(roll) down a hill inside a ball. It meets 48 nearly (near)everyone's needs. -Foreigners are not allowed to buy_49 houses(house) in Interlaken. But they can buy one in nearby villages. Many 50_retired(retire ) people consider Iterlaken a great place to settle around. - -## 某英语学习报征集一篇题为“My Favorite Chinese Festival”的稿件。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括 - -- 你最喜爱的中国节日是什么 - -- 你为什么喜欢这个节日 - -## answers - -一 ABBBB CAAAB - -二 CDCAB - -五 FIHLD CJAEK - -41. enjoyable (enjoy) - -42. located (locate) - -43. mountainous (mountain) - -44. endless (end) - -45. relaxing (relax) - -46. pleasure (please) - -47. rolling (roll) - -48. nearly (near) - -49. houses (house) - -50. retired (retire) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2022-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2022-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index ebaa001..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2022-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -# 2022-04 - -## Famous Brands - -Why do we always buy certain shoes or clothes that have a famous brand? why do we have to copy other people? The people we often admire the most are those who have their own styles. They don't want to copy someone else's. - -Big companies give free products to famous people such as sportsmen and movie stars. They intend to get people like you to buy their products. When you spend a lot of money on an expensive pair of shoes, they may not suit you. You might enjoy more if you buy something else at the same price! Besides the brand, you may want to know why they are asking that price. The brand may sometimes have nothing to do with the quality of the product. - -It can be of bad quality and badly made. This makes you think why it has the designer's name on it. It's very important for designers to use their creative talent to make something beautiful. But today the making of money has become more important. So they just copy other products and their standards fall. - -Creative products should be available to people at a reasonable price. In this way, big companies wouldn't be able to dominate(控制) the market and encourage people to spend too much money on their products. - -They are dominating the market by telling us what to buy. If you go into a toy shop or children' s clothes shop you'll find the whole section for girls is almost all pink. Because of the domination of big companies, the original arts and crafts are beginning to die out. It would be a real shame if these arts and crafts were to disappear. - -1. We like the people with their own styles. -2. Big companies give famous people free products to attract buyers -3. Expensive products often suit people better -4. Famous brand products are of better quality -5. Creativity is important in making good products -6. Famous designers work overtime. -7. Young people like creative products -8. Big companies price their products reasonably -9. Mothers prefer to shop for children's clothes. -10. The domination of big companies does harm to creativity - -## Self-esteem(自尊)and Body Image - -Self-esteem is all about what people think of themselves. It is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. People who have high self-esteem will make friends easily. They are more in control of their behavior, and will enjoy life more. - -Some teenagers struggle with their self-esteem when they grow into adults because the body goes through many changes. Along with the changes comes a natural desire to feel accepted. What's more，they can't help but compare themselves with others. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors and other famous people they see on TV，in movies，or in magazines. - -The physical changes can affect how both girls and boys feel about themselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable about their growing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feel like being thin but boys may feel like they don't look big enough. - -It's not just body development that affects self-esteem. Many other factors can affect a person's body image too. Family life，for example，can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them. This can reduce kids ability to develop good self-esteem. Also their classmates and peers may tease them about the way they look . These sometimes can affect their self-esteem. - -If there are things about yourself that you want to change and you can change, do this by making goals for yourself. If there are things that you can't change，recognize that your body is your own. lt's no one's business but your own what your body is like. Actually, to be happy with yourself all you need to do is to change the way you see your body. - -11.People with high self-esteem often - -A. control others behavior - -B. think highly of others - -C. have lot of friends - -D. work very hard - -12.Some teenagers struggle with their self-esteem because - -A. their teachers don't like them - -B. their bodies have changed a lot - -C. they cannot accept famous people - -D. they need more time to watch TV - -13.The word tease (Line5，Para,4)most probably means - -A. laugh at - -B. talk about - -C. argue with - -D. look at - -14.To help kids develop good self-esteem, parents should - -A. compare them with others - -B. make goals for them - -C. criticize their peers. - -D. praise them - -15. To be happy with yourself you should - -A. do business - -B. love your body - -C. find new friends - -D. change your behavior - -## Helping Children Cope with Stress - -1To adults, childhood can seem to be happy and free from worries. But children still experience stress. Things like school and their social life can sometimes create pressures that are too difficult for them to deal with. While they may not talk about their troubles，they do want their parents to reach out and help them. - -2Children deal with stress in both healthy and unhealthy ways. As a parent，you can't protect your children from stress，but you can help them develop healthy ways to cope with stress and solve everyday problems. By doing so, you not only help your children handle their current stresses, but also prepare them to deal with future stresses. Here are a few tips for you. - -3When you notice that something is upsetting your child, you need to tell your child about it. if you can，name the feeling you think your child is experiencing. This shouldn't sound like blame. It' s just a casual observation, and you're interested in hearing more about your child's concern. Be sympathetic and show that you care and want to understand. - -4Also ask your child to tell you what's wrong. Listen attentively and calmly with interest, patience, openness，and caring, Don't hurry to make judgements. Do not blame or criticize your child for what he or she has done. The idea is to listen to your child' s concerns and feelings. Try to get the whole story by patiently asking questions. Take your time. And let your child take his or her time, too. - -5Remember to be patient. As a parent, it hurts to see your child unhappy of stressed. But you should not try to solve every problem for your child. Instead, try to help your child grow into a good problem solver, a child who knows how to deal with life's ups and downs, express feelings in words calm down when needed and never give in to difficulties. - -Task1 - -A. Help your child deal with stress - -B. Show your concern and care - -C. Be patient with your child - -D. Stories help children - -E. Listen to your child - -F. Children have stress - -Task2 - -21.Children can meet pressures - -22.Parents can help their children cope with stress - -23.Talk to your child when he/she is - -24.Don't blame your child for - -25.Parents should teach their children - -A. in trouble - -B. in healthy ways - -C. to forget their problems - -D. what he/she has done - -E. from school and their social life - -F. to solve problems themselves - -## The coyote(丛林狼) - -The coyote is a relative of the dog and the wolf. Like its relatives, it mostly feeds on other animals. It will, however，eat a wide variety of foods, including insects, fruits and vegetables. Coyotes are found throughout most of North America from Mexico and Central America to Canada and Alaska， The color of its coat depends on where it lives. 26 E - -Like the wolf, coyotes live in groups, or packs. The coyote pack is usually smaller than a wolf pack. 27 D The pack will often divide into pairs to hunt. Female coyotes give birth to baby coyotes once a year. Over half of the babies will die before they reach adulthood. Male babies usually leave the pack to find their own territory. 28 A - -Wolves and coyotes compete for the same animals for food. Since the coyote is smaller than the wolf, wolves will usually drive the coyote out of any shared living area. - -The coyote adapts easily to new areas. Unlike the wolf, the coyote's living area increased when more and more people settled across North America. 29 F Once the New England settlers eliminated wolves, the coyote moved in. Scientists who have studied the coyote believe it is better than the wolf at living in human areas. - -30 C They find enough supply of food in these areas, since coyotes are willing to eat garbage, rodents (such as rabbits and mice) and even small pets. Scientists estimate that as many as 2,000 coyotes may be living in the Chicago area. - -A. Female babies stay with the parent's pack - -B. The coyote is not an endangered species. - -C. Coyotes are now found in most large cities. - -D. All members of the pack are usually related. - -E. Mountain coyotes are darker than those living in the desert. - -F. For example，the coyote was not native to New England - -## Slavery in the United States - -In most parts of the United States in the early 1800s, blacks had no rights at all. They did not have the right to vote. It was against the 31 for them to go to school with whites. In some states, it was even 32 for them to learn to read and write. Free people had the right to come and go as they 33 , but slaves had to have a pass, or paper, from their 34 in order to leave the master's land. slaves were often_35_from their families when they were sold, They had to work very 36 hours. but were not paid. If they did not do as they were told, they could be beaten. If they tied to escape, they were hunted down with dogs and could be tortured or even 37 when caught. - -Until about 1800, there were slaves in 38 every state in the United States. But slaves were not a big part of the Northern way of _39. Northern factories hired workers and did no use Slaves. By 1850, all Northern states had made slavery illegal. - -In the Southern states however most of the field workers were slaves; one out of every four families 40 slaves. These people were often rich and had large farms. - -A. Seldom E. killed I. long - -B. master F. life J. almost - -C. separated G. owned K. liked - -D. illegal H. law L. played - -## Rubbish : Easy to Produce but Hard to Get Rid of - -We produce a lot of rubbish. There is no question about it. The amount of rubbish we throw away is surprising(surprise). Scientists report that Americans produce about five 41 (pound) of rubbish per person every day. Forty years ago, each person 42 (produce)only half of it each day, There are_43_(near)300 million people in the US. You do the math. How much rubbish do we produce every day? - -In 44 (add)to the amount of rubbish we produce, how we get rid of it is another problem. The plastic bags that we place outside of our homes need to be 45 (carry) away every week. These bags are not_46_(friend) to the environment at all. - -Nobody is sure how long a plastic bag takes to totally break down, because we've only been 47 (use) plastic as a business for about 90 years. It is_48 (believe). However , that it may take 100 years for a plastic bag to completely break down. I am sure that you will feel 49 (happy)to think that a plastic bag can live longer than the 50 (major)of people on earth. - -## 设你的外国朋友John想学习汉语，征求你的意见。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括 - --支持他学汉语： --给出学习建议。 --请以LiKe署名。 - -## answers - -一 AABBA CCBCA - -二 CBADB - -五 HDKBC IEJFG - -41. pounds (pound) -42. produced (produce) -43. nearly (near) -44. addition (add) -45. carried (carry) -46. friendly (friend) -47. using (use) -48. believed (believe) -49. unhappy (happy) -50. majority (major) diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2022-10.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2022-10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d24b4cc..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2022-10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -# 2022-10 - -## Lacking in Self-Esteem(自尊)? Good for you - -According to psychological and educational theories self-esteem is essential for a successful life Generations of children, ①especially minority kids have been educated according to the theory that they lack self-esteem, and that this deficiency is central to any problems they may have in making their way in the world. - -Well, guess what? ②A new research has found that self-esteem can be just as high among grade D students and drunk drivers as it is among Nobel Prize winners and former presidents.   ④In fact, people with high self-esteem can engage in far more anti-social behavior than those with low self-esteem. We used to believe that high self-esteem would cause all sorts of positive consequences and that if we raised self-esteem, people would do better in life,” a researcher said. “Mostly the data have failed to support that. ⑤"Racists, street thugs (恶棍) and school bullies(恶霸) all have high scores on the self-esteem tests. And you can see why. ⑥If you think you’re highly gifted, you’re particularly offended if other people don’t treat you that way. So, you hit out or commit crimes to defend your pride. After all, who are they to suggest that you could be doing something wrong? What do they know? - -Self-esteem can also be an educational concern. ⑧College teachers are constantly complaining about the high self-esteem of their students.  ⑨When every grade in the school is assessed so as to make the kid feel good rather than to give an accurate measure of his work, the kid can develop self-esteem dangerously unrelated to the truth.  ⑩When he's told he is getting a C grade in college, he can then get deeply offended or extremely angry Weak professors give in to the pressure-hence grade inflation which results in their students' vague touch with reality. - -1. It is believed that minority kids often have self-esteem problem. -2. A new research shows that high self-esteem is essential to success. -3. Parents are responsible for their children’s self-esteem. -4. Anti-social behavior is related to low self-esteem. -5. Racists have low self-esteem. -6. People with high self-esteem are hurt more easily. -7. College students are faced with high economic pressure. -8. College teachers are often annoyed with students’ high self-esteem -9. High grades help students know the truth of themselves. -10. Some college students may find a C grade offending - -## Organic Farming - -During thousands of years of huma civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic. Chemicals for farming first came up at the turn of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War II. In the 1950s and 60s farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). ①Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to organic farming. - -In organic farming, farm products are produced in more natural ways. Crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth hormones(激素) are forbidden. Farmers enrich the soil with natural fertilizers. They pull out weeds by hand. Hay and straw are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding. They rely on the natural enemies of pests to control pests. ②Animals are fed organically and can eat grass outdoors. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures(草场)and fields. Vegetables and fruit are also produced with organic methods. - -Organic farming enjoys many advantages. ③For example, crop rotation can preserve the good qualities of soils. The growing of different crops can keep soils healthy and fertile. Organic farming is healthier for farm workers, and there are fewer remains of chemicals in food. ④In the long run, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. It can slow down global warming and reduce the pollution of ground water. - -Meanwhile, there are some disadvantages. Organic food is more expensive. Organic products may cost up to 40% more. ⑤Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers, and the land output is much less. Marketing and distribution is not efficient because organic food is provided in smaller amount. Crop illness may happen very often. Besides, organic farming cannot produce enough food for the world’s population to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that can't produce enough food today. - -11. Organic farming _______. - -A. started in the 1950s - -B. had a short history - -C. has become popular in recent years - -D. was promoted by World War II - -12. In organic farming ______. - -A. cows can move around in fields - -B. natural enemies of pests are scarce - -C. chemicals are used to kill pests - -D. machines are used to pull out weeds - -13. The phrase “crop rotation” (Para. 3) probably means ______. - -A. growing high-yielding crops - -B. seasonal growing of crops - -C. planting soil-enriching crops - -D. regular changing of crops - -14. One advantage of organic farming is that it is_______. - -A. water-saving - -B. labor-saving - -C. market-friendly - -D. environmentally-friendly（环境友好） - -15. The problem of organic farming is _______. - -A. poor qualities of soils - -B. high production costs - -C. the use of too much land - -D. the shortage of farm workers - -## Health Benefits of Honey with Milk - -Honey and milk get along well. Since ancient times this mix is known for its amazing health benefits. - -(1)Take a glass of honey with milk before you set out for your day in the morning, and you are guaranteed enough to get through the morning rush. Milk provides you the proteins required while honey helps you get the energy by breaking down these proteins. No wonder this drink is meant for all ages alike. - -(2)Milk is known for providing calcium(钙)，which in right levels, helps in preventing bone diseases as we age. Research has indicated that honey does a good job of carrying nutrients(营养成分)in the food through the blood to various parts of the body. In particular honey helps in the absorption of calcium, the vital part of milk. - -(3) If you ask doctors or your grandmother for a solution to your sleeplessness, you are bound to get the same answer-a glass of warm milk with honey. It is best known to induce sleep So take it regularly if you have sleeping problems. - -(4)Milk and honey not only help in preventing aging by keeping the skin glowing but also improve your body as a whole as they contain antioxidants(抗氧化物).These help keep the body young and flexible. For a very long time, this has been an open secret in keeping your body look and feel young. - -(5)Both milk and honey are known to ward off harmful bacteria in our body, but their combined strength is more effective in achieving this effect. Cough and cold can be prevented by taking this drink regularly. It also aids in digestion and treating bowel disorders. - -Task 1 - -A. Honey milk for digestion - -B. Honey milk for a youthful glow - -C. Honey milk for stronger bones - -D. Honey milk for energy - -E. Honey milk for a sound sleep - -F. Honey milk for antibacterial benefits - -Task 2 - -A. proteins and calcium - -B. salt and sugar - -C. cough and cold - -D. your body look and feel young - -E. drink milk and honey - -F. of calcium - -21. Milk is rich in __. - -22. Milk and honey help ____ - -23. Honey helps the absorption __ - -24. Your body may bend or move easily if you __ - -25. Drinking honey milk regularly can prevent __ - -## Insomnia(失眠) - -I just could not fall asleep the other night. I just didn’t feel sleepy I can’t explain why, but it was really annoying. I got very bored lying in bed, so I decided to read a book 26 But even when I finished reading, I still didn’t feel tired. So I listened to some peaceful music. That didn’t work either I have heard people say if you have a warm drink before bedtime, it will help you drift off to sleep. So I went downstairs and made myself a cup of tea.  27  Still, I couldn’t sleep. I was getting very frustrated by this point! - -It felt strange to be awake while everyone else was asleep. 28 In fact it was a little bit frightening. When you go to sleep it feels like one day ends and another begins. But if you stay up late you realize that day and night are just a gentle transition(转变)，a cycle while has no end and no beginning. At 4a.m., I noticed a faint light coming through my curtains. The sun had started to rise! - -Normally, I'm a heavy sleeper.  29  So on this occasion, I consider myself lucky to see a beautiful sunrise.I knew I needed to get some rest, but it seemed the harder I tried to force myself asleep the more difficult it was. Eventually, I just let my mind go free.  30  I listened to the birdsong…. and the next thing I knew it was 11 a.m.! I was happy that I had managed to get some sleep!  I have never struggled with sleeping before, so this was my first experience of insomnia. Fortunately I have been sleeping well since then. - -A. The world seemed so quiet. - -B. I stopped forcing myself to sleep - -C. After my tea, I got back into bed. - -D. I didn’t want to wake up my family - -E. I thought reading would help me get to sleep. - -F. I had never been awake at this time in the morning. - -## Smiles - -A smile costs nothing but creates much. It enriches those who__31__, without making those who give poor. It happens in a__32__and the memory of it sometimes lasts __33__. None are so rich that they can get along without it, and none so__34__but are not richer for its benefits. It creates __35__in the home, and fosters goodwill in a business. It is rest to the weary(疲劳的), daylight to the__36__and sunshine to the sad. Yet it can’t be bought, begged,borrowed or stolen, for it is something that is no earthly good to anybody till it is given__37__. And if in the last-minute rush of Christmas__38__, some of our salespeople should be too__39__ to give you a smile, may we__40__you to leave one of yours? For nobody needs a smile so much as those who have none left. - -A. forever B. away C. happiness D. satisfied  - -E. discouraged F. flash G. receive H. tired - -I. poor J. enough K. buying L. ask - -## The Importance of Friendship for School-age Children - -Friends are very important to school-age children's healthy(health) development Research has shown (show)that children who lack friends can suffer from emotional and mental difficulties later in life. They have also found that children with friends have a greater (great) sense of happiness, better self-esteem and fewer problems as they grow up.Friendships provide children with more than just fun playmates (playmate ). They help children develop emotionally and morally (moral). In interacting with friends, children learn many social (society) skills, such as how to communicate,and how to cooperate. They practice controlling (control) their emotions and responding to the emotions of others. They develop their  ability (able) to think through and negotiate different eituations in thoir rolationships. Having friends affects (affect) children in many ways, even their school  performances (perform). Children tend to have better attitudes about school and learning when they have friends there. In short, friendships are not just a luxury, they are a  necessity (necessary) for children. - -## 某英语学习报征集一篇题为“My Dream Trip”的稿件 - -- 1.你最想去哪里旅游 -- 2.为什么你最想去那里 - -## answers - -一 ABCBB ACABA -二 CADDB -三 DAEBF ADFEC -四 ECAFB -五 GFAIC EJKHL -41. showed/shown -42. greater -43. playmates -44. morally -45. social -46. controlling -47. ability -48. affects -49. performance -50. necessity - -主论点：Beijing is a perfect destination - -分论点一：there are so many scenery spots in Beijing - -原因一：this city has a very long history - -分论点二：there are so many delicious foods in Beijing - -原因二：many local snacks can be found there - -例文： -   Recently, more and more people are talking about dream trip.  From my perspective, it is totally undoubted that Beijing is a perfect destination (city to go to也行). The reasons why I believe so are listed as below. -   The first point that I want to mention is that there are so many scenery spots in Beijing, and that is because this city has a very long history. What is more, it’s easier for us to understand that there are so many delicious foods in Beijing, which is because many local snacks can be found there. -   From what I mention above, we can easily come to the conclusion that Beijing is a perfect destination. After all, there are so many scenery spots and delicious foods. - -例文2： - -My Dream Trip - -Sichuan Province is located in southwestern part of China. lt enjoys many world famous places of interest,such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan project.(四川省位打中国的西南部。它有许多世界著名的名胜古迹，如九寨沟和都江堰工程。) - -Jiuzhaigou National Park is a nature reserve in the north of Sichuan Province. What is the most impressive is its many multilevel waterfalls and colorful lakes.What's more,walking in the nature reserve,you have a chance to see rare animals like giant pandas,golden monkeys.There are also many species of rare plants . Another famous scenic spot is Dujiangyan project. It dates from over 2,000 years ago.However, it is still playing an important part in farm today. (九寨沟国家公园是四川省北部的一个自然保护区。最令人印象深刻的是它的多层瀑布和色彩斑斓的湖泊。更重要的是，走在自然保护区，你有机会看到稀有动物，如大熊猫，金丝猴。那里还有许多种类的稀有植物。另一个著名的景点是都江堰工程，它可以追溯到两千多年前。然而它仍然在今天的农业中扮演着重要的角色。) -I'm sure that all the people will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiazhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan project.(我相信所有人都会为九寨沟酌美景和都江堰工程所震撼。)  diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2023-04.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2023-04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 07c8f5b..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/2023-04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,241 +0,0 @@ -# 2023-04 - -## Why Dogs Bury Their Favorite Bones - -You may find it crazy that your dog buries his favorite bone or chew toy, only to dig it up a day or two later, but there is actually a reason behind it- -it is simply in their nature. For thousands of years, dogs have buried their bones. The practice itself started long before dogs were even pets when they had to bury bones to survive. - -When dogs lived in the wild, sometimes food was scarce. If they were able to find food, dogs became very protective of it. Sometimes they would have more bones than they could eat for one meal. To keep other dogs and animals from stealing their bones, dogs would bury them in the ground. When it was time for the next meal, they would dig up their bones and enjoy them again. This would continue until the bones were gone. - -Even though most dogs have plenty of food to eat today, their instincts still tell them to bury their bones and favorite toys. They do this to keep other dogs and animals from stealing them, just like their ancestors did. Some dogs keep at least two bones buried at once. When they want to dig up one, they will bury one more. This may leave a backyard full of holes and bones. - -How do dogs decide where to bury their bones? A dog cannot bury a bone just anywhere. He must first find the perfect spot. This involves using his nose to find a spot that is free from other dogs and animals. Often it is near a tree or a large rock, but it could be anywhere in the yard. Once the dog finds the perfect spot, he uses his front paws to dig a hole, drops the bone in and covers up the hole to protect his treasure. - -1. Dogs bury their favorite bones or chew toys by nature. -2. Dogs started to bury their bones when they became pets. -3. Dogs in the wild occasionally had enough food. -4. Dogs would bury their extra food for their babies. -5. Animals would start a fierce fight over food in ancient times. -6. Some dogs tend to store up more than one bone at the same time. -7. The backyard of a dog owner may be full of holes dug by his dog. -8. Dogs often bury their bones far away from trees. -9. Dogs use their paws to find spots for burying bones. -10. Dogs bury more bones than chew toys. - -## Public Wi-Fi Users Neglect Safety - -A recent survey shows that 25% of Internet users have done online banking through public WiFi in the last three months. It also shows that 27% have bought a product or service with a credit card this way. - -Experts worry that hackers (黑客) will take advantage of these practices. Doug Shadel said that hackers usually attack in two ways. They may create Wi-Fi hotspots that have the same name of the ones you trust, such as a hotel or a coffee shop. They may also provide a stronger Wi-Fi signal to get between you and the safe hotspot. In either case, the hackers can see your email, credit card information, user names and passwords. - -Sometimes hackers just set up their electronic traps near a business where people enjoy the free Wi-Fi. "In most cases they are after your personal information," Shadel said.“If you use the same user name and password for many accounts, they can get into them all. It's possible for any hacker to do it. The software to hack into a Wi-Fi network is available at little or no cost" - -"It's difficult for people to know if a Wi-Fi network is safe," Shadel said.“So you should just think they are not. Any shared Internet access, free or paid, carries the same level of risk. It is safe only when you or someone you trust directly controls it." - -Shadel sometimes checks email through public Wi-Fi. But he never does any banking that way. In an unfamiliar place, he uses a Virtual Private Network (VPN). "This service creates a passage between your device and a safe place on the Internet," he said. - -11. A recent survey finds that 25% of Internet users use public W-Fi to____. - -A. do banking - -B. buy things - -C. provide service - -D. play cards - -12. The phrase "take advantage of" (Para. 2) can best be replaced by“____”. - -A. adjust to - -B. benefit from - -C. lead to - -D. result from - -13. According to Shadel, any hacker can____. - -A. create different passwords - -B. open an electronic account - -C. steal people's information - -D. write software for businesses - -14. For the sake of safety, Internet users are advised to____. - -A. test shared Internet access - -B. rely on paid Internet access - -C. look for free Internet access - -D. avoid shared Internet access - -15. Shadel uses public Wi-Fi to____. - -A. learn about VPN - -B. deal with his emails - -C. keep his account safe - -D. handle financial matters - -## I Use Every Second Before I Go to Work - -➊I wake up at 6a.m. every day. The first thing I do when I wake up is grab my smartphone and take it to the bathroom with me, where I start my day by consuming quite a lot of information. I go to some websites, but the main site that I focus on during this time is Nuzzel, a collector of headlines and links. I recommend everyone look into it if they feel they don't have time to properly focus on every website individually. - -❷After visiting those sites, I head to Twitter, my No.1 outlet for communication with the public. Twitter is becoming a listening platform. There is such a volume of information on the platform that you need pay attention to. So I spend a great amount of my morning responding to people and starting conversations. - -❸After all this comes my workout (锻炼) with my trainer. I usually work out for about 45 minutes. The specific workout routine varies depending on the day of the week, what I ate, and how much I've been traveling. - -❹After the workout, I head back home to get my children ready for school. I say bye to them and give them each a kiss before they leave. Then, I'm off to my office, often before 9 a.m. - -❺In the car to my office, I call my mom, dad or sister. I talk to them just to learn what they're up to. I really value those small moments. By the time I step into my office, so much is going through my head. My day starts the minute I open my eyes. - -Task 1 - -16. Paragraph ➊: _____ - -17. Paragraph ❷: _____ - -18. Paragraph ❸: _____ - -19. Paragraph ❹: _____ - -20. Paragraph ❺: _____ - -A. I do some morning exercise. - -B. I phone my parents or sister. - -C. I prepare my kids for school. - -D. I communicate with others online. - -E. I help my kids with their homework. - -F. I visit websites to get information. - -Task 2 - -21. Nuzzel helps me _____. - -22. On Twitter I am able _____. - -23. There are several factors that _____. - -24. Before my kids go to school, I _____. - -25. I call my parents, _____. - -A. to listen to others. - -B. step into my office. - -C. kiss them goodbye. - -D. affect my workout routine. - -E. to learn how they are doing. - -F. to surf the Intermet efficiently. - -## Banning Mobile Phones at School - -It is a question that keeps some parents awake at night. Should children be allowed to take mobile phones to school?_ 26 D For parents who want their children to do well at school, it is no. - -Banning mobile phones at school is effective. According to a UK study, after schools banned mobile phones, the test scores of students improved by 6.4%. The findings will influence the debate about children and mobile phones. In the UK, more than 90% of teenagers own a mobile phone; in the US, 75% have one. The popular mobile phone is a problem in the eye of teachers._ 27 A In a 2001 survey, no school banned mobiles. By 2007, this had risen to 50%. By 2012, 98% of schools had taken action. Some did not allow phones. The others required them to be handed in at the beginning of the day. - -28 F New York City has lifted a 10-year ban on phones at school. It says that lifting the ban will promote equality. "This view is wrong," the researchers of the UK study write. “We found that the ban led to improvements in test scores among students. Low-achieving students gained the most._ 29 E Allowing phones into schools will harm the lowest achieving students the most." - -The UK study was carried out at Birmingham, London, Leicester and Manchester schools before and after bans were introduced. "Technology is commonly viewed as increasing efficiency," the researchers write. “Modern technology is used in the classroom to improve student performance._30 C_ Some students will pay no attention to their class." - -A. They are worried about the trend. - -B. The mobile phone is a good example. - -C. However, there are potential problems. - -D. Now researchers say that they have an answer. - -E. Therefore, lifting the ban may in fact lead to the opposite. - -F. However, some schools are starting to allow limited use of mobile phones. - -## Failing Forward - -There are several key abilities that allow successful people to fail forward instead of taking each setback personally. First, successful people don't blame themselves when they fail. They take_31 C_ for each setback, but they don't take the failure personally. Second, successful people don't_32 L_ themselves by individual failures. They_33_J that each setback is a small_34 F of the whole. Third, achievers are_ 35 H to vary their approaches to problems. That's important in every walk of life. If one_36 I doesn't work for you, if it brings repeated failures,- 37 D try something else. To fail forward, you must do what works for you, not_ 38 E what works for other people. Finally, successful people are_39 G  They don't let one error keep them down. They learn from their mistakes and_ 40 B on. - -A. lucky - -B. move - -C. responsibility - -D. then - -E. necessarily - -F. part - -G. tough - -H. willing - -I. approach - -J. recognize - -K. easily - -L. define - -## Achieving Success in a Presentation - -The success of a presentation (present) is leaving your audience with something of value. What do they get from_41 (spend) time listening to your presentation? Many people think that they need to be brilliant to present well. They think that they need to be smart, witty and_ 42 (charm) before they start to write a speech. Those qualities can come_43_ (natural), but most often, they come as a result of the passion and knowledge of the_44_ (speak). - -One of the vital factors in having an_45_ (effect) presentation is serving the needs of your audience. Caring for your audience's needs_46 (require) no perfection. You can make_ 47 (mistake) and it's going to be OK. The_48_ (equip) can fail and it's still going to be OK. You don't have to use humor to be a_49 (win). With that in mind, the real point is more like being successful at_ 50 (reach) your audience. - -## 假设你刚找到一份满意的工作。请给你的美国朋友 Tom 写- -封英 文电子邮件，分享你的喜悦，内容包括 - -- 你找了一份什么工作 -- 你为什么喜欢这份工作 -- 请以 Li Ke 署名 - -## answers - -一 ABACC AABBC -二 ABCDB -三 FDACB FADCE -四 DAFEC -五 CLJFHIDEGB -六 -41. spending -42. charming -43. naturally -44. speaker -45. effective -46. requires -47. mistakes -48. equipment -49. winner -50. reaching - -Dear Tom, -I hope this email finds you well. I just wanted to share some exciting news -with you. I recently found a job that I'm really happy about and wanted to -tell you all about it. -I like to be a teacher. Three reasons have led me to choose this job. First, -teaching is learning. To make my lectures more helpful and interesting, I -have to read more books, learn new knowledge and gain a better -understanding of the world, which is the very thing I enjoy in my life. -Second, teaching means freedom and independence. As a teacher, I' m -free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions. Finally, I like -teaching because it offers certain peace of mind. All in all, the reasons -above make me like teaching best. Anyway, I just wanted to share my -good news with you. Hope you're doing well! - Yours - Li Ke diff --git a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/composistion.md b/docs/Self-study Examination/English/composistion.md deleted file mode 100644 index 05c2d96..0000000 --- a/docs/Self-study Examination/English/composistion.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -# composition - -## 1 - -When it comes to the reading modes,different people hold different views,Some people suggest that they like reading E-books,while others think that reading paper books is better.From my point of view,I prefer the first one. - -There are mainly three reasons for my view,On the one hand,it is convenient for people to read E-books. For example,you can download E-books from internet at any time and save them to your computers or mobile phones.You may read the books whenever you want.On the other hand,comparing with paper books,E-books can save more money.As we all know,E-books are much cheaper than paper books and sometimes they are even free to read.Finally,reading E-books can protect our environment. Instead of making by paper which have to cut a lot of tree and consume much energy, E-books are much more environment friendly. - -Talking all above factors into consideration, I think E-books are better than paper books in the information age - -## 2 - -Nowadays, water shortage has become a serious problem that arouses the concern of the whole society. It is threatening the survival of human beings. - -There are two reasons for this problem. On the one hand, water pollution is more and more serious. It is factories that release a lot of wastes into rivers, lakes and seas. On the other hand, many people lack of the awareness of saving water. - -Confronted with the water problem, we should take a number of effective measures to solve it. First of all, gorvernment should carry out highly strict policies to punish the factories that pollute the water. Secondly, we should alse make efforts to save water from our own. - -In conclusion, I believe that only when we work together can we expect to have a better future. - -## 3 - -Dear Tom, - -How are you doiing? I am writing to share with you my volunteer experiences during the summer holiday. - -From 15 July to 30 July, I went to Yunan and worked as a teacher as a village school. In the morning, I was a Chinese teacher, teaching students reading and writing, For example, we read many interesting sotries and learned a lot from them. We all had a wonderful time. - -In my opinion, there are two main reasons for my volunteer work. On the one hand, taking part in volunteer work can improve my communiaction skills, I learn how to talk with strangers and get along well with different kinds of people during the work. On the other hand, the experiences of volunteer make me more confident, I try express my ideas in front of others and do my best to help people, which give me more confidence than before. - -Althought I was tired those days, I benefited a lot from my volunteer work. How about you holiday? I look forward to hearing from you! - -Best wishes! - - Yours turly, - Li Ke