Limit computation causes Sage to crash #14677

sagetrac-tmonteil · 2013-06-03T10:10:00Z

The following behaviour has been reported on ask.sagemath.org:

sage: f(x) = (x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x))
sage: f(x).limit(x=0)

leads to

;;;
;;; Detected access to protected memory, also kwown as 'bus or segmentation fault'.
;;; Jumping to the outermost toplevel prompt
;;;

/opt/sagemath/sage/sage : ligne 135 :  7856 Erreur de segmentation  "$SAGE_ROOT/spkg/bin/sage" "$@"

This still happens on sage-5.0, but on sage-4.8, this leads to

und

Note: a similar problem is reported at #26497.

CC: @kcrisman @slel

Component: symbolics

Keywords: maxima, limit, segfault

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/14677

The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:

ppurka · 2013-06-03T11:23:53Z

comment:1

happens on 5.10rc0 too.

nexttime · 2013-06-03T11:52:18Z

comment:2

... and of course Maxima (and probably also ECL) is to blame.

Similar issues were reported on the ticket dealing with the last Maxima upgrade IIRC.

vbraun · 2013-06-04T11:50:26Z

comment:4

Infinite recursion in ECL:

sage: sage: f(x)=(x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x))
sage: sage: f(x).limit(x=0) 

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
ecl_bds_unwind (env=env@entry=0x7ffff7c0e000, new_bds_top_index=<optimized out>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/stacks.d:173
173	/home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/stacks.d: No such file or directory.
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install expat-2.1.0-4.fc18.x86_64 fontconfig-2.10.2-2.fc18.x86_64 glibc-2.16-31.fc18.x86_64 libgcc-4.7.2-8.fc18.x86_64 libstdc++-4.7.2-8.fc18.x86_64 ncurses-libs-5.9-10.20130413.fc18.x86_64
(gdb) bt
#0  ecl_bds_unwind (env=env@entry=0x7ffff7c0e000, new_bds_top_index=<optimized out>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/stacks.d:173
#1  0x00007fffbcf62dcc in ecl_unwind (env=0x7ffff7c0e000, fr=<optimized out>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/stacks.d:531
#2  0x00007fffbcf61096 in cl_go (tag_id=<optimized out>, label=<optimized out>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/cmpaux.d:162
#3  0x00007fffbcf1f7f1 in ecl_interpret (frame=frame@entry=0x7fffffe9e1c0, env=<optimized out>, 
    bytecodes=0x5deb690)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/interpreter.d:753
#4  0x00007fffbcf1ff93 in _ecl_bclosure_dispatch_vararg (narg=<optimized out>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/interpreter.d:204
#5  0x00007fffbcee8eb1 in L25signal (narg=narg@entry=113736945, V1=<optimized out>) at clos/conditions.c:1419
#6  0x00007fffbcee999c in L76universal_error_handler (V1=0x7ffff7c0e000, V2=0x5a50240, V3=0x6c77d41)
    at clos/conditions.c:2884
#7  0x00007fffbcf1d4f0 in cl_funcall (narg=<optimized out>, narg@entry=4, function=<optimized out>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/eval.d:132
#8  0x00007fffbcf3b759 in cl_cerror (narg=narg@entry=6, cformat=0x688b900, eformat=
    0x7fffbd219040 <cl_symbols+79872>)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/error.d:540
#9  0x00007fffbcf6277b in ecl_bds_overflow ()
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/stacks.d:157
#10 0x00007fffbcf39a60 in ecl_bds_bind_inl (v=0x1, s=<optimized out>, env=0x7ffff7c0e000) at ../ecl/stacks.h:84
#11 ecl_princ (obj=0x7, strm=strm@entry=0x6470140)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/print.d:322
#12 0x00007fffbcea8577 in LC24__g283 (V1=0x6470140, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x1, V4=<optimized out>, V5=0x1)
    at lsp/format.c:2081
#13 0x00007fffbceae0e0 in L8interpret_directive_list (V1=0x6470140, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x6c77df1, V4=
    0x6c77df1) at lsp/format.c:863
#14 0x00007fffbceb8052 in L7formatter_aux (narg=narg@entry=3, V1=V1@entry=0x6470140, V2=V2@entry=0x5cd6de0, V3=
    0x0) at lsp/format.c:819
#15 0x00007fffbcf68e3f in cl_format (narg=narg@entry=3, strm=0x6470140, strm@entry=0x1, string=0x5cd6de0)
    at /home/vbraun/opt/sage-5.10.rc0/spkg/build/ecl-12.12.1.p3/src/src/c/format.d:2232
#16 0x00007fffbc0da2d2 in L27exploden (V1=0x7) at binary-ecl/commac.c:1049
#17 0x00007fffbc432aed in L15msize_atom (V1=<optimized out>, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x1)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:772
#18 0x00007fffbc42f04b in L14msize (V1=0x7, V2=0x6c77e11, V3=0x1, V4=<optimized out>, V5=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:694
#19 0x00007fffbc42d9c7 in L23msize_infix (V1=0x6c77e41, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x6c77e01)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:1132
#20 0x00007fffbc42f04b in L14msize (V1=0x6c77e41, V2=0x6c77e11, V3=0x6c77e01, V4=<optimized out>, 
    V5=<optimized out>) at binary-ecl/grind.c:694
#21 0x00007fffbc42f77f in L18msize_paren (V1=0x6c77e41, V2=0x6c77e71, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:907
#22 0x00007fffbc42f04b in L14msize (V1=0x6c77e41, V2=0x6c77e71, V3=0x6c76041, V4=<optimized out>, 
    V5=<optimized out>) at binary-ecl/grind.c:694
#23 0x00007fffbc42da73 in L23msize_infix (V1=<optimized out>, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x6c76041)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:1138
#24 0x00007fffbc42f04b in L14msize (V1=0x6c77fd1, V2=0x6c77f61, V3=0x6c76041, V4=<optimized out>, 
    V5=<optimized out>) at binary-ecl/grind.c:694
#25 0x00007fffbc42df79 in L39msize_mminus (V1=<optimized out>, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x6c76041)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:1772
#26 0x00007fffbc42f04b in L14msize (V1=0x6c77fa1, V2=0x1, V3=0x6c76041, V4=<optimized out>, V5=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:694
#27 0x00007fffbc4308c5 in L21msize_list (V1=<optimized out>, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x6c76041)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:1076
#28 0x00007fffbc43194d in L20msize_function (V1=<optimized out>, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x1, 
    V4=<optimized out>) at binary-ecl/grind.c:1019
#29 0x00007fffbc42f2d8 in L14msize (V1=0x6c768a1, V2=0x1, V3=0x1, V4=<optimized out>, V5=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/grind.c:700
#30 0x00007fffbc42c5b2 in L12mstring (V1=0x6c768a1) at binary-ecl/grind.c:585
#31 0x00007fffbc102b1b in L7aformat (narg=narg@entry=3) at binary-ecl/mformt.c:753
#32 0x00007fffbc35a807 in L49gensym_readable (V1=0x6c768a1) at binary-ecl/rat3e.c:2548
#33 0x00007fffbc35a600 in L50orderpointer (V1=<optimized out>) at binary-ecl/rat3e.c:2613
#34 0x00007fffbc4cb8d6 in L141taylor1 (V1=0x6c767a1, V2=0x6c762c1) at binary-ecl/hayat.c:8729
#35 0x00007fffbc4d3f9c in L132taylor_ (V1=<optimized out>, V2=0x6c763e1) at binary-ecl/hayat.c:8104
#36 0x00007fffbc4ccd26 in L131_taylor (narg=narg@entry=4, V1=V1@entry=0x6c767a1) at binary-ecl/hayat.c:8073
#37 0x00007fffbc560ba9 in L189calculate_series (V1=0x6c767a1, V2=0x688bae0) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13286
#38 0x00007fffbc5884da in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c75bd1, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13133
#39 0x00007fffbc5883cc in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c747d1, V2=0x5f46510, V3=0x6c741f1)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13110
#40 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x6c747d1, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#41 0x00007fffbc561e58 in L180mrv (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12729
#42 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x6c74841, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit---
#43 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c74841, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#44 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x6c74841, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#45 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#46 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x6c72ce1, V2=0x6c72b41, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#47 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x6c5dc71, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#48 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c5dc71, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#49 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x6c5dc71, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#50 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#51 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x6c5cfe1, V2=0x6c5ce81, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#52 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x6c3f9d1, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#53 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c3f9d1, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#54 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x6c3f9d1, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#55 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#56 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x6c3d241, V2=0x6c3d041, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#57 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x6c20101, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#58 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c20101, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#59 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x6c20101, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#60 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#61 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x6c1fd61, V2=0x6c1fb31, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#62 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x6c01a81, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#63 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x6c01a81, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#64 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x6c01a81, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#65 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#66 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x6d63d31, V2=0x6d63be1, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#67 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x53c7811, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#68 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x53c7811, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#69 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x53c7811, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#70 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#71 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x53c6b81, V2=0x53c69f1, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#72 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x5b64101, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#73 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x5b64101, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#74 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x5b64101, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#75 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#76 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x5b61341, V2=0x5b61041, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#77 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x5aea891, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#78 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x5aea891, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
#79 0x00007fffbc56a9fe in L191limitinf (V1=0x5aea891, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:13390
#80 0x00007fffbc56acf4 in L182mrv_compare (V1=0x6a87f31, V2=<optimized out>, V3=0x5f46510)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:12850
#81 0x00007fffbc5631d2 in L181mrv_max (V1=0x5adbae1, V2=0x5adb7d1, V3=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12812
#82 0x00007fffbc561d13 in L180mrv (V1=0x5fe9951, V2=0x5f46510) at binary-ecl/limit.c:12704
#83 0x00007fffbc588676 in L185mrv_leadterm (V1=0x5fe9951, V2=0x5f46510, V3=<optimized out>)
    at binary-ecl/limit.c:13099
... thousands of repetitions ...

jdemeyer · 2013-06-13T09:27:38Z

comment:5

Fixed by #13973.

pjbruin · 2014-05-29T18:35:53Z

comment:9

Unfortunately not fixed by #13973, despite comment:5. The crash appears to be related to the domain: complex setting used by Sage. GDB shows that it is still the same infinite recursion as in comment:4. This is possibly caused by the fact that Maxima uses Gruntz's algorithm, which was designed only for real functions.

With a patched Sage version of Maxima (5.33.0.p1, see #15033) using ECL:

(%i1) f: (x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x));
                                x         sin(x)
                               x  - sin(x)
(%o1)                          -----------------
                                    3
                                   x  log(x)
(%i2) limit(f, x, 0);
(%o2)                                 und
(%i3) domain: complex;
(%o3)                               complex
(%i4) limit(f, x, 0);

Maxima encountered a Lisp error:

 BINDING-STACK overflow at size 10240. Stack can probably be resized.

Automatically continuing.
To enable the Lisp debugger set *debugger-hook* to nil.
Maxima encountered a Lisp error:

 Detected access to an invalid or protected memory address.

Automatically continuing.
To enable the Lisp debugger set *debugger-hook* to nil.

;;;
;;; Detected access to protected memory, also kwown as 'bus or segmentation fault'.
;;; Jumping to the outermost toplevel prompt
;;;

(repeated many times, then a core dump).

Just for comparison, in a recent development version of Maxima (after 5.33.0) using GCL:

(%i4) limit(f, x, 0);

(no error message, the answer is an empty line). Finally, using SBCL:

(%i4) limit(f, x, 0);
INFO: Binding stack guard page unprotected
Binding stack guard page temporarily disabled: proceed with caution
INFO: Binding stack guard page reprotected

(just once, then returns to prompt).

pjbruin · 2014-05-29T18:42:46Z

comment:10

One can avoid the crash by taking the limit for x -> 0 from above, but then the value of the limit is wrong, again due to the domain: complex setting:

sage: f(x) = (x^x - sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x))
sage: f.limit(x=0, dir='plus')
x |--> -Infinity
sage: sage.calculus.calculus.maxima('domain: real')
real
sage: f.limit(x=0, dir='plus')
x |--> 1/6

Plotting the function [edit: or reading the ask.sagemath.org question linked to above] suggests that 1/6 is the correct value.

nexttime · 2015-01-31T19:27:42Z

comment:13

... at least. (We're currently at 6.5.rc0; 6.4 has been released a while ago.)

slel · 2018-10-18T06:18:00Z

Changed keywords from maxima to maxima, limit, segfault

slel · 2018-10-18T06:18:00Z

comment:15

Note: a similar problem is reported at #26497.

oldk1331 · 2023-12-10T05:56:45Z

It no longer crashes maxima-5.47.0:

(%i1) limit((x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x)),x,0);
(%o1)                                 und
(%i2) domain : complex;
(%o2)                               complex
(%i3) limit((x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x)),x,0);
(%o3)                                 und

But maxima branch_5_47_base_161_g24a57b649 mathinstitut/maxima-mirror@24a57b6 fixes a bunch of other limits, while make this limit hang in the real case:

(%i1) domain: complex;
(%o1)                               complex
(%i2) limit((x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x)),x,0);
(%o2)                                 und
(%i3) domain: real;
(%o3)                                real
(%i4) limit((x^x-sin(x)^sin(x))/(x^3*log(x)),x,0);

HANGS UP

sagetrac-tmonteil mannequin added this to the sage-5.11 milestone Jun 3, 2013

sagetrac-tmonteil mannequin added c: symbolics labels Jun 3, 2013

sagetrac-tmonteil mannequin assigned burcin Jun 3, 2013

jdemeyer modified the milestones: sage-5.11, sage-5.12 Aug 13, 2013

sagetrac-vbraun-spam mannequin modified the milestones: sage-6.1, sage-6.2 Jan 30, 2014

sagetrac-vbraun-spam mannequin modified the milestones: sage-6.2, sage-6.3 May 6, 2014

sagetrac-vbraun-spam mannequin modified the milestones: sage-6.3, sage-6.4 Aug 10, 2014

rwst added p: critical / 2 and removed p: major / 3 labels Jan 31, 2015

nexttime mannequin modified the milestones: sage-6.4, sage-6.5 Jan 31, 2015

nexttime mannequin modified the milestones: sage-6.5, sage-6.6 Mar 13, 2015

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slel removed this from the sage-6.6 milestone Oct 18, 2018

slel added the wishlist item label Oct 18, 2018

dimpase mentioned this issue Jun 4, 2014

Upgrade Maxima to 5.33.0 #13973

Closed

EmmanuelCharpentier mannequin mentioned this issue Dec 29, 2022

Computing the limit of the lognormal density crashes Sage #26497

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Limit computation causes Sage to crash #14677

Limit computation causes Sage to crash #14677

sagetrac-tmonteil mannequin commented Jun 3, 2013

ppurka commented Jun 3, 2013

nexttime mannequin commented Jun 3, 2013

vbraun commented Jun 4, 2013

jdemeyer commented Jun 13, 2013

pjbruin commented May 29, 2014

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slel commented Oct 18, 2018

slel commented Oct 18, 2018

oldk1331 commented Dec 10, 2023

Limit computation causes Sage to crash #14677

Limit computation causes Sage to crash #14677

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sagetrac-tmonteil mannequin commented Jun 3, 2013

ppurka commented Jun 3, 2013

nexttime mannequin commented Jun 3, 2013

vbraun commented Jun 4, 2013

jdemeyer commented Jun 13, 2013

pjbruin commented May 29, 2014

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slel commented Oct 18, 2018

oldk1331 commented Dec 10, 2023