Trac #29487: debian: Add system package providing the executable sqlite3

This will fix
{{{
sage -t src/sage/tests/cmdline.py  # 3 doctests failed
}}}
(last remaining failure in `debian-stretch-standard`) in
https://github.com/mkoeppe/sage/runs/572856631

URL: https://trac.sagemath.org/29487
Reported by: mkoeppe
Ticket author(s): Matthias Koeppe
Reviewer(s): Michael Orlitzky

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/sqlite/distros/debian.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 libsqlite3-dev
+sqlite3