feat(optimizer, stream): support index selection for temporal join

[chenzl25]

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What's changed and what's your intention?

• Support index selection for temporal join. Related issue. Tracking: Process time temporal join #8123

Example:

create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
create table version(id2 int, a2 int, b2 int, primary key (id2));
create index idx on version (a2);
CREATE materialized VIEW v AS
SELECT id1,
       a1,
       id2,
       a2
FROM stream
LEFT JOIN idx
FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() ON b1 = b2
AND a1 = a2;

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features Sqlsmith: Sql feature generation #7934).
• My PR contains breaking changes. (If it deprecates some features, please create a tracking issue to remove them in the future).
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)
• My PR changes performance-critical code. (Please run macro/micro-benchmarks and show the results.)

• My PR contains critical fixes that are necessary to be merged into the latest release. (Please check out the details)

Documentation

• My PR contains user-facing changes.

Click here for Documentation

Types of user-facing changes

Please keep the types that apply to your changes, and remove the others.

• SQL commands, functions, and operators

Release note

• Support index selection for temporal join.

[st1page]

LGTM

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #11019 (988bae2) into main (ddc7c27) will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 59.01%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #11019      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   69.89%   69.89%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1312     1312              
  Lines      224186   224232      +46     
==========================================
+ Hits       156702   156734      +32     
- Misses      67484    67498      +14     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	69.89% <59.01%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...c/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs	90.83% <94.59%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
src/common/src/catalog/physical_table.rs	92.72% <100.00%> (+0.13%)	⬆️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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