diff --git a/crates/pevm/src/vm.rs b/crates/pevm/src/vm.rs
index 19971252..009b7fdc 100644
--- a/crates/pevm/src/vm.rs
+++ b/crates/pevm/src/vm.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
 use alloy_primitives::TxKind;
 use alloy_rpc_types::Receipt;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
@@ -376,13 +378,42 @@ impl<'a, S: Storage, C: PevmChain> Database for VmDb<'a, S, C> {
             if location_hash == self.from_hash
                 && self.tx.nonce.is_some_and(|nonce| nonce != account.nonce)
             {
-                if self.tx_idx > 0 {
-                    // TODO: Better retry strategy -- immediately, to the
-                    // closest sender tx, to the missing sender tx, etc.
-                    return Err(ReadError::Blocking(self.tx_idx - 1));
-                } else {
-                    return Err(ReadError::InvalidNonce(self.tx_idx));
+                let get_parent = |tx_idx: TxIdx| {
+                    let parent_tx_idx = unsafe { *self.vm.parent_tx_idxs.get_unchecked(tx_idx) };
+                    if parent_tx_idx == tx_idx {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(parent_tx_idx)
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // BEGIN: nonce check
+                let mut current_parent: Option<TxIdx> = get_parent(self.tx_idx);
+                for read_origin in read_origins.iter() {
+                    match read_origin {
+                        ReadOrigin::MvMemory(tx_version) => {
+                            if let Some(parent) = current_parent {
+                                match parent.cmp(&tx_version.tx_idx) {
+                                    Ordering::Less => {}
+                                    Ordering::Equal => {
+                                        current_parent = get_parent(parent);
+                                    }
+                                    Ordering::Greater => {
+                                        return Err(ReadError::Blocking(parent));
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ReadOrigin::Storage => {
+                            if let Some(parent) = current_parent {
+                                return Err(ReadError::Blocking(parent));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
+                // END: nonce check
+
+                return Err(ReadError::InvalidNonce(self.tx_idx));
             }
 
             // Fully evaluate the account and register it to read cache
@@ -500,6 +531,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Vm<'a, S: Storage, C: PevmChain> {
     spec_id: SpecId,
     beneficiary_location_hash: MemoryLocationHash,
     reward_policy: RewardPolicy,
+    parent_tx_idxs: Vec<TxIdx>, // parent_tx_idxs[i] = i if i does not have parent
 }
 
 impl<'a, S: Storage, C: PevmChain> Vm<'a, S, C> {
@@ -511,6 +543,17 @@ impl<'a, S: Storage, C: PevmChain> Vm<'a, S, C> {
         txs: &'a [TxEnv],
         spec_id: SpecId,
     ) -> Self {
+        let mut parent_tx_idxs: Vec<_> = txs.iter().enumerate().map(|(index, _)| index).collect();
+        let mut address_to_tx_idx =
+            HashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(txs.len(), BuildSuffixHasher::default());
+
+        for (tx_idx, tx) in txs.iter().enumerate() {
+            // We use the fact that `insert` returns the previous value.
+            if let Some(parent_tx_idx) = address_to_tx_idx.insert(tx.caller, tx_idx) {
+                parent_tx_idxs[tx_idx] = parent_tx_idx;
+            }
+        }
+
         Self {
             storage,
             mv_memory,
@@ -522,6 +565,7 @@ impl<'a, S: Storage, C: PevmChain> Vm<'a, S, C> {
                 block_env.coinbase,
             )),
             reward_policy: chain.get_reward_policy(),
+            parent_tx_idxs,
         }
     }