Parsing error doesn't show in show errors/warnings for PREPARE through binary protocol

[YangKeao]

Bug Report

Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!

1. Minimal reproduce step (Required)

func TestMySQL(t *testing.T) {
	db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	conn, err := db.Conn(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	assertWarningCount := func() {
		rows, err := conn.QueryContext(context.Background(), "show warnings")
		require.NoError(t, err)
		defer rows.Close()

		count := 0
		for rows.Next() {
			count++
		}
		require.Equal(t, 1, count)
	}

	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
		stmt, err := conn.PrepareContext(context.Background(), "VALUES ( ('foo'), ROW('bar') )")
		require.Error(t, err)
		require.Nil(t, stmt)

		assertWarningCount()
	}
}

This test will succeed for MySQL, but fail for TiDB.

Ref #34276. The #34311 only handled the normal ParseSQL path for handleQuery, but didn't fix this issue for binary protocol.