navigation.spec.js

/**
 * Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Modifications copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

const utils = require('./utils');
const path = require('path');
const url = require('url');

/**
 * @type {PageTestSuite}
 */
module.exports.describe = function({testRunner, expect, playwright, MAC, WIN, FFOX, CHROMIUM, WEBKIT}) {
  const {describe, xdescribe, fdescribe} = testRunner;
  const {it, fit, xit, dit} = testRunner;
  const {beforeAll, beforeEach, afterAll, afterEach} = testRunner;

  describe('Page.goto', function() {
    it('should work', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('should work with file URL', async({page, server}) => {
      const fileurl = url.pathToFileURL(path.join(__dirname, 'assets', 'frames', 'two-frames.html')).href;
      await page.goto(fileurl);
      expect(page.url().toLowerCase()).toBe(fileurl.toLowerCase());
      expect(page.frames().length).toBe(3);
    });
    it('should use http for no protocol', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE.substring('http://'.length));
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('should work cross-process', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);

      const url = server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/empty.html';
      let requestFrame;
      page.on('request', r => {
        if (r.url() === url)
          requestFrame = r.frame();
      });
      const response = await page.goto(url);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(url);
      expect(response.frame()).toBe(page.mainFrame());
      expect(requestFrame).toBe(page.mainFrame());
      expect(response.url()).toBe(url);
    });
    it('should capture iframe navigation request', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);

      let requestFrame;
      page.on('request', r => {
        if (r.url() === server.PREFIX + '/frames/frame.html')
          requestFrame = r.frame();
      });
      const response = await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      expect(response.frame()).toBe(page.mainFrame());
      expect(response.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');

      expect(page.frames().length).toBe(2);
      expect(requestFrame).toBe(page.frames()[1]);
    });
    it('should capture cross-process iframe navigation request', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);

      let requestFrame;
      page.on('request', r => {
        if (r.url() === server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/frames/frame.html')
          requestFrame = r.frame();
      });
      const response = await page.goto(server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      expect(response.frame()).toBe(page.mainFrame());
      expect(response.url()).toBe(server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');

      expect(page.frames().length).toBe(2);
      expect(requestFrame).toBe(page.frames()[1]);
    });
    it('should work with anchor navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE + '#foo');
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE + '#foo');
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE + '#bar');
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE + '#bar');
    });
    it('should work with redirects', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/1.html', '/redirect/2.html');
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/2.html', '/empty.html');
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/redirect/1.html');
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('should navigate to about:blank', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto('about:blank');
      expect(response).toBe(null);
    });
    it('should return response when page changes its URL after load', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/historyapi.html');
      expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
    });
    it('should work with subframes return 204', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRoute('/frames/frame.html', (req, res) => {
        res.statusCode = 204;
        res.end();
      });
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
    });
    it('should fail when server returns 204', async({page, server}) => {
      // Webkit just loads an empty page.
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => {
        res.statusCode = 204;
        res.end();
      });
      let error = null;
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE).catch(e => error = e);
      expect(error).not.toBe(null);
      if (CHROMIUM)
        expect(error.message).toContain('net::ERR_ABORTED');
      else if (WEBKIT)
        expect(error.message).toContain('Aborted: 204 No Content');
      else
        expect(error.message).toContain('NS_BINDING_ABORTED');
    });
    it('should navigate to empty page with domcontentloaded', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});
      expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
    });
    it('should work when page calls history API in beforeunload', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.evaluate(() => {
        window.addEventListener('beforeunload', () => history.replaceState(null, 'initial', window.location.href), false);
      });
      const response = await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html');
      expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
    });
    it('should fail when navigating to bad url', async({page, server}) => {
      let error = null;
      await page.goto('asdfasdf').catch(e => error = e);
      if (CHROMIUM || WEBKIT)
        expect(error.message).toContain('Cannot navigate to invalid URL');
      else
        expect(error.message).toContain('Invalid url');
    });
    it('should fail when navigating to bad SSL', async({page, httpsServer}) => {
      // Make sure that network events do not emit 'undefined'.
      // @see https://crbug.com/750469
      page.on('request', request => expect(request).toBeTruthy());
      page.on('requestfinished', request => expect(request).toBeTruthy());
      page.on('requestfailed', request => expect(request).toBeTruthy());
      let error = null;
      await page.goto(httpsServer.EMPTY_PAGE).catch(e => error = e);
      expectSSLError(error.message);
    });
    it('should fail when navigating to bad SSL after redirects', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/1.html', '/redirect/2.html');
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/2.html', '/empty.html');
      let error = null;
      await page.goto(httpsServer.PREFIX + '/redirect/1.html').catch(e => error = e);
      expectSSLError(error.message);
    });
    it('should not crash when navigating to bad SSL after a cross origin navigation', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      await page.goto(server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/empty.html');
      await page.goto(httpsServer.EMPTY_PAGE).catch(e => void 0);
    });
    it('should throw if networkidle is passed as an option', async({page, server}) => {
      let error = null;
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE, {waitUntil: 'networkidle'}).catch(err => error = err);
      expect(error.message).toContain('Unsupported waitUntil option');
    });
    it('should fail when main resources failed to load', async({page, server}) => {
      let error = null;
      await page.goto('http://localhost:44123/non-existing-url').catch(e => error = e);
      if (CHROMIUM)
        expect(error.message).toContain('net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED');
      else if (WEBKIT && WIN)
        expect(error.message).toContain(`Couldn\'t connect to server`);
      else if (WEBKIT)
        expect(error.message).toContain('Could not connect');
      else
        expect(error.message).toContain('NS_ERROR_CONNECTION_REFUSED');
    });
    it('should fail when exceeding maximum navigation timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      // Hang for request to the empty.html
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => { });
      let error = null;
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html', {timeout: 1}).catch(e => error = e);
      const message = 'Navigation timeout of 1 ms exceeded';
      expect(error.message).toContain(message);
      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(playwright.errors.TimeoutError);
    });
    it('should fail when exceeding default maximum navigation timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      // Hang for request to the empty.html
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => { });
      let error = null;
      page.context().setDefaultNavigationTimeout(2);
      page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(1);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html').catch(e => error = e);
      const message = 'Navigation timeout of 1 ms exceeded';
      expect(error.message).toContain(message);
      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(playwright.errors.TimeoutError);
    });
    it('should fail when exceeding browser context navigation timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      // Hang for request to the empty.html
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => { });
      let error = null;
      page.context().setDefaultNavigationTimeout(2);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html').catch(e => error = e);
      const message = 'Navigation timeout of 2 ms exceeded';
      expect(error.message).toContain(message);
      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(playwright.errors.TimeoutError);
    });
    it('should fail when exceeding default maximum timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      // Hang for request to the empty.html
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => { });
      let error = null;
      page.context().setDefaultTimeout(2);
      page.setDefaultTimeout(1);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html').catch(e => error = e);
      const message = 'Navigation timeout of 1 ms exceeded';
      expect(error.message).toContain(message);
      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(playwright.errors.TimeoutError);
    });
    it('should fail when exceeding browser context timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      // Hang for request to the empty.html
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => { });
      let error = null;
      page.context().setDefaultTimeout(2);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html').catch(e => error = e);
      const message = 'Navigation timeout of 2 ms exceeded';
      expect(error.message).toContain(message);
      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(playwright.errors.TimeoutError);
    });
    it('should prioritize default navigation timeout over default timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      // Hang for request to the empty.html
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', (req, res) => { });
      let error = null;
      page.setDefaultTimeout(0);
      page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(1);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html').catch(e => error = e);
      const message = 'Navigation timeout of 1 ms exceeded';
      expect(error.message).toContain(message);
      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(playwright.errors.TimeoutError);
    });
    it('should disable timeout when its set to 0', async({page, server}) => {
      let error = null;
      let loaded = false;
      page.once('load', () => loaded = true);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html', {timeout: 0, waitUntil: 'load'}).catch(e => error = e);
      expect(error).toBe(null);
      expect(loaded).toBe(true);
    });
    it('should work when navigating to valid url', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
    });
    it('should work when navigating to data url', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto('data:text/html,hello');
      expect(response).toBe(null);
    });
    it('should work when navigating to 404', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/not-found');
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(false);
      expect(response.status()).toBe(404);
    });
    it('should return last response in redirect chain', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/1.html', '/redirect/2.html');
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/2.html', '/redirect/3.html');
      server.setRedirect('/redirect/3.html', server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      const response = await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/redirect/1.html');
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
      expect(response.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('should not leak listeners during navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      let warning = null;
      const warningHandler = w => warning = w;
      process.on('warning', warningHandler);
      for (let i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      process.removeListener('warning', warningHandler);
      expect(warning).toBe(null);
    });
    it('should not leak listeners during bad navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      let warning = null;
      const warningHandler = w => warning = w;
      process.on('warning', warningHandler);
      for (let i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
        await page.goto('asdf').catch(e => {/* swallow navigation error */});
      process.removeListener('warning', warningHandler);
      expect(warning).toBe(null);
    });
    it('should not leak listeners during navigation of 11 pages', async({page, context, server}) => {
      let warning = null;
      const warningHandler = w => warning = w;
      process.on('warning', warningHandler);
      await Promise.all([...Array(20)].map(async() => {
        const page = await context.newPage();
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        await page.close();
      }));
      process.removeListener('warning', warningHandler);
      expect(warning).toBe(null);
    });
    it('should navigate to dataURL and not fire dataURL requests', async({page, server}) => {
      const requests = [];
      page.on('request', request => requests.push(request));
      const dataURL = 'data:text/html,<div>yo</div>';
      const response = await page.goto(dataURL);
      expect(response).toBe(null);
      expect(requests.length).toBe(0);
    });
    it('should navigate to URL with hash and fire requests without hash', async({page, server}) => {
      const requests = [];
      page.on('request', request => requests.push(request));
      const response = await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE + '#hash');
      expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
      expect(response.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(requests.length).toBe(1);
      expect(requests[0].url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('should work with self requesting page', async({page, server}) => {
      const response = await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/self-request.html');
      expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
      expect(response.url()).toContain('self-request.html');
    });
    it('should fail when navigating and show the url at the error message', async function({page, server, httpsServer}) {
      const url = httpsServer.PREFIX + '/redirect/1.html';
      let error = null;
      try {
        await page.goto(url);
      } catch (e) {
        error = e;
      }
      expect(error.message).toContain(url);
    });
    it('should send referer', async({page, server}) => {
      const [request1, request2] = await Promise.all([
        server.waitForRequest('/grid.html'),
        server.waitForRequest('/digits/1.png'),
        page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html', {
          referer: 'http://google.com/',
        }),
      ]);
      expect(request1.headers['referer']).toBe('http://google.com/');
      // Make sure subresources do not inherit referer.
      expect(request2.headers['referer']).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html');
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html');
    });
    it('should reject referer option when setExtraHTTPHeaders provides referer', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.setExtraHTTPHeaders({ 'referer': 'http://microsoft.com/' });
      let error;
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html', {
        referer: 'http://google.com/',
      }).catch(e => error = e);
      expect(error.message).toBe('"referer" is already specified as extra HTTP header');
    });
    it('should override referrer-policy', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRoute('/grid.html', (req, res) => {
        res.setHeader('Referrer-Policy', 'no-referrer');
        server.serveFile(req, res, '/grid.html');
      });
      const [request1, request2] = await Promise.all([
        server.waitForRequest('/grid.html'),
        server.waitForRequest('/digits/1.png'),
        page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html', {
          referer: 'http://microsoft.com/',
        }),
      ]);
      expect(request1.headers['referer']).toBe('http://microsoft.com/');
      // Make sure subresources do not inherit referer.
      expect(request2.headers['referer']).toBe(undefined);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html');
    });
    it('should fail when canceled by another navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRoute('/one-style.html', (req, res) => {});
      const failed = page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html').catch(e => e);
      await server.waitForRequest('/one-style.html');
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html');
      const error = await failed;
      expect(error.message).toBeTruthy();
    });
    it.skip(true)('extraHttpHeaders should be pushed to provisional page', async({page, server}) => {
      // This test is flaky, because we cannot await page.setExtraHTTPHeaders.
      // We need a way to test our implementation by more than just public api.
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      const pagePath = '/one-style.html';
      server.setRoute(pagePath, async (req, res) => {
        page.setExtraHTTPHeaders({ foo: 'bar' });
        server.serveFile(req, res, pagePath);
      });
      const [htmlReq, cssReq] = await Promise.all([
        server.waitForRequest(pagePath),
        server.waitForRequest('/one-style.css'),
        page.goto(server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + pagePath)
      ]);
      expect(htmlReq.headers['foo']).toBe(undefined);
      expect(cssReq.headers['foo']).toBe('bar');
    });

    describe('network idle', function() {
      it('should navigate to empty page with networkidle0', async({page, server}) => {
        const response = await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE, { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
      });
      it('should navigate to empty page with networkidle2', async({page, server}) => {
        const response = await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
      });

      /**
       * @param {import('../src/frames').Frame} frame
       * @param {TestServer} server
       * @param {'networkidle0'|'networkidle2'} signal
       * @param {() => Promise<void>} action
       * @param {boolean} isSetContent
       */
      async function networkIdleTest(frame, server, signal, action, isSetContent) {
        const finishResponse = response => {
          response.statusCode = 404;
          response.end(`File not found`);
        };
        const waitForRequest = suffix => {
          return Promise.all([
            server.waitForRequest(suffix),
            frame._page.waitForRequest(server.PREFIX + suffix),
          ])
        }
        let responses = {};
        // Hold on to a bunch of requests without answering.
        server.setRoute('/fetch-request-a.js', (req, res) => responses.a = res);
        server.setRoute('/fetch-request-b.js', (req, res) => responses.b = res);
        server.setRoute('/fetch-request-c.js', (req, res) => responses.c = res);
        const initialFetchResourcesRequested = Promise.all([
          waitForRequest('/fetch-request-a.js'),
          waitForRequest('/fetch-request-b.js'),
          waitForRequest('/fetch-request-c.js')
        ]);

        let secondFetchResourceRequested;
        if (signal === 'networkidle0') {
          server.setRoute('/fetch-request-d.js', (req, res) => responses.d = res);
          secondFetchResourceRequested = waitForRequest('/fetch-request-d.js');
        }

        const waitForLoadPromise = isSetContent ? Promise.resolve() : frame.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' });

        // Navigate to a page which loads immediately and then does a bunch of
        // requests via javascript's fetch method.
        const actionPromise = action();

        // Track when the action gets completed.
        let actionFinished = false;
        actionPromise.then(() => actionFinished = true);

        // Wait for the frame's 'load' event.
        await waitForLoadPromise;
        expect(actionFinished).toBe(false);

        // Wait for the initial three resources to be requested.
        await initialFetchResourcesRequested;
        expect(actionFinished).toBe(false);

        expect(responses.a).toBeTruthy();
        expect(responses.b).toBeTruthy();
        expect(responses.c).toBeTruthy();
        let timer;
        let timerTriggered = false;
        if (signal === 'networkidle0') {
          // Finishing first response should leave 2 requests alive and trigger networkidle2.
          finishResponse(responses.a);
          // Finishing two more responses should trigger the second round.
          finishResponse(responses.b);
          finishResponse(responses.c);

          // Wait for the second round to be requested.
          await secondFetchResourceRequested;
          expect(actionFinished).toBe(false);
          // Finishing the last response should trigger networkidle0.
          timer = setTimeout(() => timerTriggered = true, 500);
          finishResponse(responses.d);
        } else {
          timer = setTimeout(() => timerTriggered = true, 500);
          // Finishing first response should leave 2 requests alive and trigger networkidle2.
          finishResponse(responses.a);
        }
        const response = await actionPromise;
        clearTimeout(timer);
        expect(timerTriggered).toBe(true);
        if (!isSetContent)
          expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);

        if (signal === 'networkidle2') {
          // Cleanup.
          finishResponse(responses.b);
          finishResponse(responses.c);
        }
      }

      it('should wait for networkidle0 to succeed navigation', async({page, server}) => {
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          return page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 to succeed navigation', async({page, server}) => {
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          return page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle0 to succeed navigation with request from previous navigation', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        server.setRoute('/foo.js', () => {});
        await page.setContent(`<script>fetch('foo.js');</script>`);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          return page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 to succeed navigation with request from previous navigation', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        server.setRoute('/foo.js', () => {});
        await page.setContent(`<script>fetch('foo.js');</script>`);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          return page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle0 in waitForNavigation', async({page, server}) => {
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          const promise = page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
          page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html');
          return promise;
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 in waitForNavigation', async({page, server}) => {
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          const promise = page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
          page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html');
          return promise;
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle0 in setContent', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          return page.setContent(`<script src='networkidle.js'></script>`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        }, true);
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 in setContent', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          return page.setContent(`<script src='networkidle.js'></script>`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        }, true);
      });
      it.fail(FFOX)('should wait for networkidle0 in setContent with request from previous navigation', async({page, server}) => {
        // TODO: in Firefox window.stop() does not cancel outstanding requests, and we also lack 'init' lifecycle,
        // therefore we don't clear inflight requests at the right time.
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        server.setRoute('/foo.js', () => {});
        await page.setContent(`<script>fetch('foo.js');</script>`);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          return page.setContent(`<script src='networkidle.js'></script>`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        }, true);
      });
      it.fail(FFOX)('should wait for networkidle2 in setContent with request from previous navigation', async({page, server}) => {
        // TODO: in Firefox window.stop() does not cancel outstanding requests, and we also lack 'init' lifecycle,
        // therefore we don't clear inflight requests at the right time.
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        server.setRoute('/foo.js', () => {});
        await page.setContent(`<script>fetch('foo.js');</script>`);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          return page.setContent(`<script src='networkidle.js'></script>`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        }, true);
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle0 when navigating iframe', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
        const frame = page.mainFrame().childFrames()[0];
        await networkIdleTest(frame, server, 'networkidle0', () => frame.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' }));
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 when navigating iframe', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
        const frame = page.mainFrame().childFrames()[0];
        await networkIdleTest(frame, server, 'networkidle2', () => frame.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' }));
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle0 in setContent from the child frame', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          return page.setContent(`<iframe src='networkidle.html'></iframe>`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        }, true);
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 in setContent from the child frame', async({page, server}) => {
        await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          return page.setContent(`<iframe src='networkidle.html'></iframe>`, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        }, true);
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle0 from the child frame', async({page, server}) => {
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle0', () => {
          return page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle-frame.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
        });
      });
      it('should wait for networkidle2 from the child frame', async({page, server}) => {
        await networkIdleTest(page.mainFrame(), server, 'networkidle2', () => {
          return page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/networkidle-frame.html', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
        });
      });
    });
  });

  describe('Page.waitForNavigation', function() {
    it('should work', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      const [response] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation(),
        page.evaluate(url => window.location.href = url, server.PREFIX + '/grid.html')
      ]);
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
      expect(response.url()).toContain('grid.html');
    });
    it('should work with both domcontentloaded and load', async({page, server}) => {
      let response = null;
      server.setRoute('/one-style.css', (req, res) => response = res);
      const navigationPromise = page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html');
      const domContentLoadedPromise = page.waitForNavigation({
        waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'
      });

      let bothFired = false;
      const bothFiredPromise = Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }),
        domContentLoadedPromise
      ]).then(() => bothFired = true);

      await server.waitForRequest('/one-style.css');
      await domContentLoadedPromise;
      expect(bothFired).toBe(false);
      response.end();
      await bothFiredPromise;
      await navigationPromise;
    });
    it('should work with clicking on anchor links', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.setContent(`<a href='#foobar'>foobar</a>`);
      const [response] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation(),
        page.click('a'),
      ]);
      expect(response).toBe(null);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE + '#foobar');
    });
    it('should work with clicking on links which do not commit navigation', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.setContent(`<a href='${httpsServer.EMPTY_PAGE}'>foobar</a>`);
      const [error] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation().catch(e => e),
        page.click('a'),
      ]);
      expectSSLError(error.message);
    });
    it('should work with history.pushState()', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.setContent(`
        <a onclick='javascript:pushState()'>SPA</a>
        <script>
          function pushState() { history.pushState({}, '', 'wow.html') }
        </script>
      `);
      const [response] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation(),
        page.click('a'),
      ]);
      expect(response).toBe(null);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/wow.html');
    });
    it('should work with history.replaceState()', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.setContent(`
        <a onclick='javascript:replaceState()'>SPA</a>
        <script>
          function replaceState() { history.replaceState({}, '', '/replaced.html') }
        </script>
      `);
      const [response] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation(),
        page.click('a'),
      ]);
      expect(response).toBe(null);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/replaced.html');
    });
    it('should work with DOM history.back()/history.forward()', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.setContent(`
        <a id=back onclick='javascript:goBack()'>back</a>
        <a id=forward onclick='javascript:goForward()'>forward</a>
        <script>
          function goBack() { history.back(); }
          function goForward() { history.forward(); }
          history.pushState({}, '', '/first.html');
          history.pushState({}, '', '/second.html');
        </script>
      `);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/second.html');
      const [backResponse] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation(),
        page.click('a#back'),
      ]);
      expect(backResponse).toBe(null);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/first.html');
      const [forwardResponse] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForNavigation(),
        page.click('a#forward'),
      ]);
      expect(forwardResponse).toBe(null);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/second.html');
    });
    it('should work when subframe issues window.stop()', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRoute('/frames/style.css', (req, res) => {});
      const navigationPromise = page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      const frame = await new Promise(f => page.once('frameattached', f));
      await new Promise(fulfill => page.on('framenavigated', f => {
        if (f === frame)
          fulfill();
      }));
      await Promise.all([
        frame.evaluate(() => window.stop()),
        navigationPromise
      ]);
    });
    it('should work with url match', async({page, server}) => {
      let response1 = null;
      const response1Promise = page.waitForNavigation({ url: /one-style\.html/ }).then(response => response1 = response);
      let response2 = null;
      const response2Promise = page.waitForNavigation({ url: /\/frame.html/ }).then(response => response2 = response);
      let response3 = null;
      const response3Promise = page.waitForNavigation({ url: url => url.searchParams.get('foo') === 'bar' }).then(response => response3 = response);
      expect(response1).toBe(null);
      expect(response2).toBe(null);
      expect(response3).toBe(null);
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(response1).toBe(null);
      expect(response2).toBe(null);
      expect(response3).toBe(null);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frame.html');
      expect(response1).toBe(null);
      await response2Promise;
      expect(response2).not.toBe(null);
      expect(response3).toBe(null);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html');
      await response1Promise;
      expect(response1).not.toBe(null);
      expect(response2).not.toBe(null);
      expect(response3).toBe(null);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frame.html?foo=bar');
      await response3Promise;
      expect(response1).not.toBe(null);
      expect(response2).not.toBe(null);
      expect(response3).not.toBe(null);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/empty.html');
      expect(response1.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html');
      expect(response2.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/frame.html');
      expect(response3.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/frame.html?foo=bar');
    });
    it('should work with url match for same document navigations', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      let resolved = false;
      const waitPromise = page.waitForNavigation({ url: /third\.html/ }).then(() => resolved = true);
      expect(resolved).toBe(false);
      await page.evaluate(() => {
        history.pushState({}, '', '/first.html');
      });
      expect(resolved).toBe(false);
      await page.evaluate(() => {
        history.pushState({}, '', '/second.html');
      });
      expect(resolved).toBe(false);
      await page.evaluate(() => {
        history.pushState({}, '', '/third.html');
      });
      await waitPromise;
      expect(resolved).toBe(true);
    });
    it('should work for cross-process navigations', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      const waitPromise = page.waitForNavigation({waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});
      const url = server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/empty.html';
      const gotoPromise = page.goto(url);
      const response = await waitPromise;
      expect(response.url()).toBe(url);
      expect(page.url()).toBe(url);
      expect(await page.evaluate('document.location.href')).toBe(url);
      await gotoPromise;
    });
  });

  describe('Page.automaticWaiting', () => {
    it('clicking anchor should await navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`<a href="${server.EMPTY_PAGE}">empty.html</a>`);

      await Promise.all([
        page.click('a').then(() => messages.push('click')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|click|load');
    });
    it('clicking anchor should await cross-process navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`<a href="${server.CROSS_PROCESS_PREFIX + '/empty.html'}">empty.html</a>`);

      await Promise.all([
        page.click('a').then(() => messages.push('click')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|click|load');
    });
    it('should await form-get on click', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html?foo=bar', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`
        <form action="${server.EMPTY_PAGE}" method="get">
          <input name="foo" value="bar">
          <input type="submit" value="Submit">
        </form>`);

      await Promise.all([
        page.click('input[type=submit]').then(() => messages.push('click')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|click|load');
    });
    it('should await form-post on click', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`
        <form action="${server.EMPTY_PAGE}" method="post">
          <input name="foo" value="bar">
          <input type="submit" value="Submit">
        </form>`);

      await Promise.all([
        page.click('input[type=submit]').then(() => messages.push('click')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|click|load');
    });
    it('assigning location should await navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });
      await Promise.all([
        page.evaluate(`window.location.href = "${server.EMPTY_PAGE}"`).then(() => messages.push('evaluate')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|evaluate|load');
    });
    it.fail(CHROMIUM)('assigning location twice should await navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html?cancel', async (req, res) => { res.end('done'); });
      server.setRoute('/empty.html?override', async (req, res) => { messages.push('routeoverride'); res.end('done'); });
      await Promise.all([
        page.evaluate(`
          window.location.href = "${server.EMPTY_PAGE}?cancel";
          window.location.href = "${server.EMPTY_PAGE}?override";
        `).then(() => messages.push('evaluate')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('routeoverride|evaluate');
    });
    it('evaluating reload should await navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await Promise.all([
        page.evaluate(`window.location.reload()`).then(() => messages.push('evaluate')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|evaluate|load');
    });
    it('should await navigating specified target', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`
        <a href="${server.EMPTY_PAGE}" target=target>empty.html</a>
        <iframe name=target></iframe>
      `);
      const frame = page.frame({ name: 'target' });
      await Promise.all([
        page.click('a').then(() => messages.push('click')),
        frame.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        frame.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(frame.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|click|load');
    });
    it('waitUntil: nowait', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`<a href="${server.EMPTY_PAGE}">empty.html</a>`);
      await Promise.all([
        page.click('a', { waitUntil: 'nowait' }).then(() => messages.push('click')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('click|domcontentloaded|load');
    });
    it('waitUntil: load', async({page, server}) => {
      const messages = [];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {
        messages.push('route');
        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
        res.end(`<link rel='stylesheet' href='./one-style.css'>`);
      });

      await page.setContent(`<a href="${server.EMPTY_PAGE}">empty.html</a>`);
      await Promise.all([
        page.click('a', { waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('click')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }).then(() => messages.push('domcontentloaded')),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'load' }).then(() => messages.push('load')),
      ]);
      expect(messages.join('|')).toBe('route|domcontentloaded|load|click');
    });
  });

  describe('Page.automaticWaiting should not hang when', () => {
    it('clicking on links which do not commit navigation', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.setContent(`<a href='${httpsServer.EMPTY_PAGE}'>foobar</a>`);
      await page.click('a');
    });
    it.fail(FFOX)('clicking on download link', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      await page.setContent(`<a href="${server.PREFIX}/wasm/table2.wasm" download=true>table2.wasm</a>`);
      await page.click('a');
    });
    it('window.stop async', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {});
      await page.evaluate((url) => {
          window.location.href = url;
          setTimeout(() => window.stop(), 100);
        }, server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('window.stop sync', async({page, server, httpsServer}) => {
      await page.evaluate((url) => {
          window.location.href = url;
          window.stop();
        }, server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
    it('assigning location to about:blank', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.evaluate(`window.location.href = "about:blank";`);
    });
    it('assigning location to about:blank after non-about:blank', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', async (req, res) => {});
      await page.evaluate(`
          window.location.href = "${server.EMPTY_PAGE}";
          window.location.href = "about:blank";`);
    });
  });

  describe('Page.waitForLoadState', () => {
    it('should pick up ongoing navigation', async({page, server}) => {
      let response = null;
      server.setRoute('/one-style.css', (req, res) => response = res);
      await Promise.all([
        server.waitForRequest('/one-style.css'),
        page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html', {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'}),
      ]);
      const waitPromise = page.waitForLoadState();
      response.statusCode = 404;
      response.end('Not found');
      await waitPromise;
    });
    it('should respect timeout', async({page, server}) => {
      server.setRoute('/one-style.css', (req, res) => response = res);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html', {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});
      const error = await page.waitForLoadState({ timeout: 1 }).catch(e => e);
      expect(error.message).toBe('Navigation timeout of 1 ms exceeded');
    });
    it('should resolve immediately if loaded', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html');
      await page.waitForLoadState();
    });
    it('should resolve immediately if load state matches', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      server.setRoute('/one-style.css', (req, res) => response = res);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html', {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});
      await page.waitForLoadState({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
    });
    it('should work with pages that have loaded before being connected to', async({page, context, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      const [popup] = await Promise.all([
        page.waitForEvent('popup').then(e => e.page()),
        page.evaluate(() => window._popup = window.open(document.location.href)),
      ]);
      expect(popup.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await popup.waitForLoadState();
      expect(popup.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
    });
  });

  describe('Page.goBack', function() {
    it('should work', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/grid.html');

      let response = await page.goBack();
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
      expect(response.url()).toContain(server.EMPTY_PAGE);

      response = await page.goForward();
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
      expect(response.url()).toContain('/grid.html');

      response = await page.goForward();
      expect(response).toBe(null);
    });
    it('should work with HistoryAPI', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.evaluate(() => {
        history.pushState({}, '', '/first.html');
        history.pushState({}, '', '/second.html');
      });
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/second.html');

      await page.goBack();
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/first.html');
      await page.goBack();
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.goForward();
      expect(page.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/first.html');
    });
  });

  describe('Frame.goto', function() {
    it('should navigate subframes', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      expect(page.frames()[0].url()).toContain('/frames/one-frame.html');
      expect(page.frames()[1].url()).toContain('/frames/frame.html');

      const response = await page.frames()[1].goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
      expect(response.frame()).toBe(page.frames()[1]);
    });
    it('should reject when frame detaches', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');

      server.setRoute('/empty.html', () => {});
      const navigationPromise = page.frames()[1].goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE).catch(e => e);
      await server.waitForRequest('/empty.html');

      await page.$eval('iframe', frame => frame.remove());
      const error = await navigationPromise;
      expect(error.message).toContain('frame was detached');
      expect(error.stack).toContain('Frame.goto')
    });
    it('should return matching responses', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      // Attach three frames.
      const frames = [
        await utils.attachFrame(page, 'frame1', server.EMPTY_PAGE),
        await utils.attachFrame(page, 'frame2', server.EMPTY_PAGE),
        await utils.attachFrame(page, 'frame3', server.EMPTY_PAGE),
      ];
      const serverResponses = [];
      server.setRoute('/0.html', (req, res) => serverResponses.push(res));
      server.setRoute('/1.html', (req, res) => serverResponses.push(res));
      server.setRoute('/2.html', (req, res) => serverResponses.push(res));
      const navigations = [];
      for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        navigations.push(frames[i].goto(server.PREFIX + '/' + i + '.html'));
        await server.waitForRequest('/' + i + '.html');
      }
      // Respond from server out-of-order.
      const serverResponseTexts = ['AAA', 'BBB', 'CCC'];
      for (const i of [1, 2, 0]) {
        serverResponses[i].end(serverResponseTexts[i]);
        const response = await navigations[i];
        expect(response.frame()).toBe(frames[i]);
        expect(await response.text()).toBe(serverResponseTexts[i]);
      }
    });
  });

  describe('Frame.waitForNavigation', function() {
    it('should work', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      const frame = page.frames()[1];
      const [response] = await Promise.all([
        frame.waitForNavigation(),
        frame.evaluate(url => window.location.href = url, server.PREFIX + '/grid.html')
      ]);
      expect(response.ok()).toBe(true);
      expect(response.url()).toContain('grid.html');
      expect(response.frame()).toBe(frame);
      expect(page.url()).toContain('/frames/one-frame.html');
    });
    it('should fail when frame detaches', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      const frame = page.frames()[1];
      server.setRoute('/empty.html', () => {});
      let error = null;
      await Promise.all([
        frame.waitForNavigation().catch(e => error = e),
        frame.evaluate('window.location = "/empty.html"'),
        page.evaluate('setTimeout(() => document.querySelector("iframe").remove())'),
      ]).catch(e => error = e);
      expect(error.message).toContain('frame was detached');
    });
  });

  describe('Frame._waitForLodState', function() {
    it('should work', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/frames/one-frame.html');
      const frame = page.frames()[1];

      const requestPromise = new Promise(resolve => page.route(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.css',resolve));
      await frame.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html', {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});
      const request = await requestPromise;
      let resolved = false;
      const loadPromise = frame.waitForLoadState().then(() => resolved = true);
      // give the promise a chance to resolve, even though it shouldn't
      await page.evaluate('1');
      expect(resolved).toBe(false);
      request.continue();
      await loadPromise;
    });
  });

  describe('Page.reload', function() {
    it('should work', async({page, server}) => {
      await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
      await page.evaluate(() => window._foo = 10);
      await page.reload();
      expect(await page.evaluate(() => window._foo)).toBe(undefined);
    });
  });

  function expectSSLError(errorMessage) {
    if (CHROMIUM) {
      expect(errorMessage).toContain('net::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID');
    } else if (WEBKIT) {
      if (MAC)
        expect(errorMessage).toContain('The certificate for this server is invalid');
      else if (WIN)
        expect(errorMessage).toContain('SSL peer certificate or SSH remote key was not OK');
      else
        expect(errorMessage).toContain('Unacceptable TLS certificate');
    } else {
      expect(errorMessage).toContain('SSL_ERROR_UNKNOWN');
    }
  }
};