diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 5d8cb12c6..1da93ceb3 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
         "psr-4": {
             "OpenTelemetry\\Trace\\": "api/Trace",
             "OpenTelemetry\\Sdk\\Internal\\": "sdk/Internal",
-            "OpenTelemetry\\Sdk\\Trace\\": "sdk/Trace"
+            "OpenTelemetry\\Sdk\\Trace\\": "sdk/Trace",
+            "OpenTelemetry\\Sdk\\Resource\\": "sdk/Resource"
         }
     },
     "autoload-dev": {
diff --git a/sdk/Resource/ResourceConstants.php b/sdk/Resource/ResourceConstants.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e0ffda2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/Resource/ResourceConstants.php
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Resource;
+
+/**
+ * For certain attribute groups if any attribute from the group is present in the Resource then all attributes
+ * that are marked as Required MUST be also present in the Resource. However it is also valid if the entire attribute
+ * group is omitted (i.e. none of the attributes from the particular group are present even though some of them are
+ * marked as Required in this document).
+ *
+ * @link https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/master/specification/resource/semantic_conventions
+ */
+class ResourceConstants
+{
+    /**
+     * Service
+     */
+    public const SERVICE_NAME = 'service.name'; // required
+    public const SERVICE_NAMESPACE = 'service.namespace';
+    public const SERVICE_INSTANCE_ID = 'service.instance.id'; // required
+    public const SERVICE_VERSION = 'service.version';
+
+    /**
+     * Telemetry SDK
+     */
+    public const TELEMETRY_SDK_NAME = 'telemetry.sdk.name';
+    public const TELEMETRY_SDK_LANGUAGE = 'telemetry.sdk.language';
+    public const TELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION = 'telemetry.sdk.version';
+
+    /**
+     * Container
+     */
+    public const CONTAINER_NAME = 'container.name';
+    public const CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME = 'container.image.name';
+    public const CONTAINER_IMAGE_TAG = 'container.image.tag';
+
+    /**
+     * Function as a Service
+     */
+    public const FAAS_NAME = 'faas.name'; // required
+    public const FAAS_ID = 'faas.id'; // required
+    public const FAAS_VERSION = 'faas.version';
+    public const FAAS_INSTANCE = 'faas.instance';
+
+    /**
+     * Kubernetes
+     */
+    public const K8S_CLUSTER_NAME = 'k8s.cluster.name';
+    public const K8S_NAMESPACE_NAME = 'k8s.namespace.name';
+    public const K8S_POD_NAME = 'k8s.pod.name';
+    public const K8S_DEPLOYMENT_NAME = 'k8s.deployment.name';
+
+    /**
+     * Host
+     */
+    public const HOST_HOSTNAME = 'host.hostname';
+    public const HOST_ID = 'host.id';
+    public const HOST_NAME = 'host.name';
+    public const HOST_TYPE = 'host.type';
+    public const HOST_IMAGE_NAME = 'host.image.name';
+    public const HOST_IMAGE_ID = 'host.image.id';
+    public const HOST_IMAGE_VERSION = 'host.image.version';
+
+    /**
+     * Cloud
+     */
+    public const CLOUD_PROVIDER = 'cloud.provider';
+    public const CLOUD_ACCOUNT_ID = 'cloud.account.id';
+    public const CLOUD_REGION = 'cloud.region';
+    public const CLOUD_ZONE = 'cloud.zone';
+}
diff --git a/sdk/Resource/ResourceInfo.php b/sdk/Resource/ResourceInfo.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a64ded67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/Resource/ResourceInfo.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Resource;
+
+use OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Trace\Attributes;
+
+/**
+ * A Resource is an immutable representation of the entity producing telemetry. For example, a process producing telemetry
+ * that is running in a container on Kubernetes has a Pod name, it is in a namespace and possibly is part of a Deployment
+ * which also has a name. All three of these attributes can be included in the Resource.
+ *
+ * The class named as ResourceInfo due to `resource` is the soft reserved word in PHP.
+ */
+class ResourceInfo
+{
+    private $attributes = [];
+
+    private function __construct(Attributes $attributes)
+    {
+        $this->attributes = $attributes;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(Attributes $attributes): self
+    {
+        return new ResourceInfo(clone $attributes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merges two resources into a new one.
+     * Conflicts (i.e. a key for which attributes exist on both the primary and secondary resource) are handled as follows:
+     * - If the value on the primary resource is an empty string, the result has the value of the secondary resource.
+     * - Otherwise, the value of the primary resource is used.
+     *
+     * @param ResourceInfo $primary
+     * @param ResourceInfo $secondary
+     * @return ResourceInfo
+     */
+    public static function merge(ResourceInfo $primary, ResourceInfo $secondary): self
+    {
+        // clone attributes from the primary resource
+        $mergedAttributes = clone $primary->getAttributes();
+
+        // merge attributes from the secondary resource
+        foreach ($secondary->getAttributes() as $name => $attribute) {
+            if (null === $mergedAttributes->getAttribute($name) || $mergedAttributes->getAttribute($name)->getValue() === '') {
+                $mergedAttributes->setAttribute($name, $attribute->getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new ResourceInfo($mergedAttributes);
+    }
+
+    public static function emptyResource(): self
+    {
+        return new ResourceInfo(new Attributes());
+    }
+
+    public function getAttributes(): Attributes
+    {
+        return $this->attributes;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sdk/Trace/InstrumentationLibrary.php b/sdk/Trace/InstrumentationLibrary.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63292c37b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/Trace/InstrumentationLibrary.php
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Trace;
+
+class InstrumentationLibrary
+{
+    private $name;
+
+    private $version;
+
+    public function __construct(string $name, ?string $version = '')
+    {
+        $this->name = $name;
+        $this->version = $version;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getVersion(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->version;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sdk/Trace/Tracer.php b/sdk/Trace/Tracer.php
index a4b09b3a4..908d5cd97 100644
--- a/sdk/Trace/Tracer.php
+++ b/sdk/Trace/Tracer.php
@@ -17,10 +17,18 @@ class Tracer implements API\Tracer
      */
     private $provider;
 
-    public function __construct(TracerProvider $provider, API\SpanContext $context = null)
-    {
-        $this->provider = $provider;
+    /**
+     * @var InstrumentationLibrary
+     */
+    private $instrumentationLibrary;
 
+    public function __construct(
+        TracerProvider $provider,
+        InstrumentationLibrary $instrumentationLibrary,
+        API\SpanContext $context = null
+    ) {
+        $this->provider = $provider;
+        $this->instrumentationLibrary = $instrumentationLibrary;
         $context = $context ?: SpanContext::generate();
 
         // todo: hold up, why do we automatically make a root Span?
diff --git a/sdk/Trace/TracerProvider.php b/sdk/Trace/TracerProvider.php
index 00174ba27..3b2649e4a 100644
--- a/sdk/Trace/TracerProvider.php
+++ b/sdk/Trace/TracerProvider.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Trace;
 
+use OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Resource\ResourceInfo;
 use OpenTelemetry\Trace as API;
 
 final class TracerProvider implements API\TracerProvider
@@ -19,9 +20,15 @@ final class TracerProvider implements API\TracerProvider
      */
     protected $spanProcessors;
 
-    public function __construct()
+    /**
+     * @var ResourceInfo
+     */
+    private $resource;
+
+    public function __construct(?ResourceInfo $resource = null)
     {
         $this->spanProcessors = new SpanMultiProcessor();
+        $this->resource = $resource ?? ResourceInfo::emptyResource();
     }
 
     public function getTracer(string $name, ?string $version = ''): API\Tracer
@@ -31,8 +38,9 @@ public function getTracer(string $name, ?string $version = ''): API\Tracer
         }
 
         $spanContext = SpanContext::generate();
+        $instrumentationLibrary = new InstrumentationLibrary($name, $version);
 
-        return $this->tracers[$name] = new Tracer($this, $spanContext);
+        return $this->tracers[$name] = new Tracer($this, $instrumentationLibrary, $spanContext);
     }
 
     public function addSpanProcessor(SpanProcessor $processor): self
@@ -46,4 +54,9 @@ public function getSpanProcessor(): SpanMultiProcessor
     {
         return $this->spanProcessors;
     }
+
+    public function getResource(): ResourceInfo
+    {
+        return $this->resource;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/Resource/ResourceTest.php b/tests/unit/Resource/ResourceTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d7bf7dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/Resource/ResourceTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Tests;
+
+use OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Resource\ResourceInfo;
+use OpenTelemetry\Sdk\Trace\Attributes;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class ResourceTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    public function testEmptyResource()
+    {
+        $resource = ResourceInfo::emptyResource();
+        $this->assertEmpty($resource->getAttributes());
+    }
+
+    public function testGetAttributes()
+    {
+        $attributes = new Attributes();
+        $attributes->setAttribute('name', 'test');
+        $resource = ResourceInfo::create($attributes);
+
+        $this->assertEquals($attributes, $resource->getAttributes());
+        $this->assertEquals('test', $resource->getAttributes()->getAttribute('name')->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testMerge()
+    {
+        $primary = ResourceInfo::create(new Attributes(['name' => 'primary', 'empty' => '']));
+        $secondary = ResourceInfo::create(new Attributes(['version' => '1.0.0', 'empty' => 'value']));
+        $result = ResourceInfo::merge($primary, $secondary);
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, $result->getAttributes());
+        $this->assertEquals('primary', $result->getAttributes()->getAttribute('name')->getValue());
+        $this->assertEquals('1.0.0', $result->getAttributes()->getAttribute('version')->getValue());
+        $this->assertEquals('value', $result->getAttributes()->getAttribute('empty')->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testImmutableCreate()
+    {
+        $attributes = new Attributes();
+        $attributes->setAttribute('name', 'test');
+        $attributes->setAttribute('version', '1.0.0');
+
+        $resource = ResourceInfo::create($attributes);
+
+        $attributes->setAttribute('version', '2.0.0');
+
+        $this->assertEquals('1.0.0', $resource->getAttributes()->getAttribute('version')->getValue());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/Trace/TracingTest.php b/tests/unit/Trace/TracingTest.php
index de0c8bc15..c65b5a022 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Trace/TracingTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/Trace/TracingTest.php
@@ -34,11 +34,12 @@ public function testTracerSpanContextRestore()
     {
         // todo: stop making a new span when a trace is made and then use getTracer instead of new Tracer.
         $tracerProvider = new SDK\TracerProvider();
-        $tracer = new Tracer($tracerProvider);
+        $instrumentationLibrary = new SDK\InstrumentationLibrary('OpenTelemetry.TracingTest.Test');
+        $tracer = new Tracer($tracerProvider, $instrumentationLibrary);
         $spanContext = $tracer->getActiveSpan()->getContext();
 
         $spanContext2 = SpanContext::restore($spanContext->getTraceId(), $spanContext->getSpanId());
-        $tracer2 = new Tracer($tracerProvider, $spanContext2);
+        $tracer2 = new Tracer($tracerProvider, $instrumentationLibrary, $spanContext2);
 
         $this->assertSame($tracer->getActiveSpan()->getContext()->getTraceId(), $tracer2->getActiveSpan()->getContext()->getTraceId());
     }
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ public function testSpanNameUpdate()
     public function testNestedSpans()
     {
         $tracerProvider = new SDK\TracerProvider();
-        $tracer = new Tracer($tracerProvider);
+        $tracer = $tracerProvider->getTracer('OpenTelemetry.TracingTest');
 
         $guard = $tracer->startAndActivateSpan('guard.validate');
         $connection = $tracer->startAndActivateSpan('guard.validate.connection');